Kalozera kwa oyamba aquarist

Kusankha kukula kwa aquarium

Kukula kwa aquarium kumatengera zinthu zingapo. Choyamba, miyeso ya chipindacho, komanso nsomba zomwe mukufuna, ndizosankha. Werengani kotero kuti pa masentimita awiri a nsomba panali madzi okwanira 1 litre. Onetsetsani kuti muwerenge potengera kukula komaliza kwa nsomba (onani ndi sitolo ya ziweto kuti ziweto zanu zidzakula bwanji). Miyeso ya pansi iyenera kukhala 60 x 35 cm. 

Aquarium yayikulu ndiyosavuta kusamalira kuposa yaying'ono. 

Malo Oyikira

Sankhani malo a aquarium komwe simungasunthe. Chonde dziwani kuti mutadzaza aquarium ndi madzi ndi zokongoletsera, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti musunthe, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, mukamakonzanso, mutha kuswa kukhulupirika kwake. 

Osayika aquarium pafupi ndi khomo - nsomba zimakhala zopsinjika nthawi zonse. Malo abwino ali kutali ndi zenera, bata, malo amdima m'chipindamo. Mukayika aquarium pafupi ndi zenera, ndiye kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa kukula kwa algae wobiriwira wabuluu, ndipo ngodya yanu yachilengedwe idzasanduka dambo lophuka. 

unsembe

Nthawi zambiri, opanga ma aquarium amaperekanso ma pedestals apadera. Ngati simukuyika aquarium pa kabati yapadera, onetsetsani kuti choyimiliracho ndi chokhazikika ndi malo opingasa bwino (onani ndi mlingo). 

Mukayika choyimilira, ikani chithovu chofewa cha 5 mm wandiweyani wa polystyrene pamenepo. Zinyalala zidzachepetsa katundu pa galasi ndikupewa ming'alu. Padding yofewa ya thovu sikufunika kokha m'madzi am'madzi okhala ndi chimango chapulasitiki cholimba chapadera chomwe chili kumunsi kwa kuzungulira. 

Kukonzekera aquarium

Aquarium yatsopano iyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanayike. Zida zonse za m'madzi (zidebe, scrapers, masiponji, ndi zina zotero) siziyenera kukhudzana ndi zotsukira ndi mankhwala ena. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati aquarium. Galasi, mkati ndi kunja, sayenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala wamba apanyumba. Ndi bwino kutsuka aquarium ndi madzi otentha ndi chiguduli kapena siponji.

Mukatsuka aquarium, mudzaze ndi madzi ndikuisiya kwa maola 2-3 kuti muwone kulimba. Ngati panthawiyi madzi sawona paliponse, ndiye kuti mukhoza kupitiriza kukhazikitsa ndi kudzaza.

zida

Aquarium ndi chilumba chaching'ono chachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, kuti mupange zofunikira zosungira nsomba ndi zomera, zida zimafunikira: 

• chotenthetsera, 
• fyuluta, 
• kompresa, 
• thermometer, 
• nyali (kuyatsa).

Kutengera

Kwa nsomba zambiri za aquarium, kutentha kwabwino ndi 24-26 C. Choncho, madzi nthawi zambiri amafunika kutenthedwa. Ngati chipinda chanu chiri chofunda, ndipo madzi mu aquarium popanda kutentha kwapadera amakhalabe pamtunda wa 24-26 C, ndiye kuti mungathe kuchita popanda chowotcha. Ngati kutentha kwapakati sikungagwirizane ndi ntchitoyi, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera za aquarium ndi thermostat. 

Ma heater okhala ndi chowongolera amasunga kutentha komwe mumayika. Chowotchacho chimasindikizidwa, kotero chiyenera kumizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi kuti madzi atsuke chowotcha ndikuwotcha mofanana (mungathe kuchotsa chowotcha m'madzi mutatha kuchotsa magetsi). 

Kuchita kwa heater kumawerengedwa motengera kutentha kwa chipinda chomwe aquarium ili. M'chipinda chofunda, komwe kusiyana ndi kutentha kwa madzi sikupitirira 3 C, 1 W ya mphamvu ya heater pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ndikokwanira. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi, chotenthetseracho chiyenera kukhala champhamvu kwambiri. Ndi bwino ngati chotenthetsera chili ndi mphamvu zambiri ngati kuli kozizira m'chipindamo (chiwopsezo chonse chogwiritsa ntchito kutentha chimakhala chofanana). 

M'madzi okhala ndi nsomba za golide, chotenthetsera sichifunikira!

Nyali

Kuunikira sikungothandiza kuwonetsa bwino nsomba, kumalimbikitsanso photosynthesis, njira yofunikira kwa zomera. Kuwunikira m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, nyali za fulorosenti kapena zowunikira zowunikira (LED) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka.

Tsiku lotentha limatenga maola 12-13, ndipo chifukwa chake, aquarium iyenera kuunikira nthawi yayitali. Usiku, kuyatsa kwazimitsidwa, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chowerengera cha izi, chomwe chimayatsa nyali ndikuzimitsa kwa inu, osaiwala kuchita izi.

fyuluta

Zosefera za Aquarium zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu - akunja, mkati ndi ndege. Fyuluta yakunja imayikidwa kunja kwa aquarium, nthawi zambiri pa pedestal. Madzi amalowa m'madzi kudzera m'mipope ndikubwerera ku aquarium kudzera mwa iwo. Zosefera zakunja ndizokwera mtengo kuposa zamkati, koma ndizothandiza kwambiri ndipo sizitenga malo mu aquarium. Zosefera zamkati ndizotsika mtengo, zimalimbana bwino ndi zolemetsa zam'madzi okhala ndi nsomba zochepa. Komabe, adzafunika kuyeretsa nthawi zambiri kuposa zakunja. Airlift ndi yabwino kwa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, zosefera izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kompresa.

Compressor (aeration)

Nsomba kupuma mpweya kusungunuka m'madzi, kotero nthawi zonse mpweya ndi zofunika mothandizidwa ndi kompresa. Imayikidwa kunja kwa aquarium, yolumikizidwa ndi payipi ku sprayer, yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa aquarium. Ngati compressor imayikidwa pansi pa mlingo wa madzi, valavu yosabwerera iyenera kulowetsedwa mu payipi kuti madzi asalowe mu compressor ngati mphamvu ikutha. Compressor iyenera kukhala yamphamvu kotero kuti imatha kuboola gawo lonse lamadzi ndi mtsinje wa mpweya kudzera mu atomizer. Zidzakhala zothandiza kukhazikitsa mpopi pa hose kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya.

Ground

Dothi ndilo maziko a nsomba zopambana ndi chisamaliro cha zomera. Zimapanga malo abwino okhalamo mabakiteriya ofunikira kuti aphwanye zinthu zovulaza. Komanso, izo akugwira zomera. Kuti zomera zizimere bwino, m'pofunika kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lazakudya (monga dothi). Nthaka yopatsa thanzi imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi miyala yabwino (3-4 mm). 

Mwala wa miyala uyenera kukhala wosalala kuti nsomba (mwachitsanzo, nsomba zam'madzi) zisavulale pamenepo. Ndikofunikira kuti miyala ikhale yakuda, chifukwa. zoyera zimayambitsa nkhawa ndi nkhawa nsomba. Musanathire miyala mu aquarium, m'pofunika kuti muzimutsuka bwino pansi pa madzi othamanga kuti mutsuke tinthu tating'ono tomwe titha kuipitsa madzi.

Zomera

Zomera zimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika mu aquarium. Zomera zimapanga dongosolo labwino losefera. Makamaka kukula mofulumira zomera kuyamwa ammonium ndi nitrate, kutsitsa madzi. Pa nthawi ya photosynthesis, zomera zimatenga mpweya woipa ndi mpweya wa okosijeni m'madzi. Komanso, zomera zimapatsa aquarium mgwirizano ndi mtendere, zimateteza nsomba zazing'ono kwa oyandikana nawo anjala ndipo, pokhala pogona, zimathandiza nsomba kuthetsa nkhawa.

Zomera zimabzalidwa m'njira yoti mitundu yocheperako ikhale patsogolo. Zomera zokhazikika za shrub zokhala ndi tsinde zazitali ndizoyenera pulani yapakati. Zomera zazitali zimayikidwa bwino kumbuyo ndi kumbali. 

Zomera za Aquarium ziyenera kunyamulidwa m'madzi. Musanabzale, dulani nsonga za mizu pang'ono ndi lumo lakuthwa ndikuchotsa masamba aulesi ndi owonongeka. Finyani dzenje pansi ndi chala chanu ndikuyika mizu mosamala, kuwaza ndi miyala. Longezani miyalayo mwamphamvu ndikukokera mbewuyo mmwamba pang'ono kuti muwongole mizu. Zomera zikabzalidwa, mutha kudzaza aquarium ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera kukonzekera madzi.

Chifukwa cha nthaka yopatsa thanzi, mbewuzo zimamera msanga ndikumera bwino. Pambuyo pa masabata 4-6, feteleza wokhazikika ayenera kuyamba. Zomera zomwe zimayamwa zakudya kudzera m'masamba zimafunikira feteleza wamadzimadzi. Zomera zomwe zimayamwa michere kudzera mumizu zimatha kupindula ndi piritsi la feteleza.

M'madzi okhala ndi nsomba za herbivorous zamitundu ikuluikulu, ndibwino kuti musinthe zomera zamoyo zomwe zimapanga malo okongoletsera ndi zopangira (kupewa kuzidya), ndipo pakati pa zamoyo, perekani m'malo mwa mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu.

Water

M'chilengedwe, nthawi zonse, kuyeretsedwa ndi kubereka kwa madzi kumachitika. Mu aquarium, timathandizira izi ndi zida zapadera ndi zinthu zosamalira. Madzi a aquarium amagwiritsidwa ntchito madzi apampopi wamba kuchokera pampopi wozizira. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi otentha ndi madzi ndi ayoni asiliva. Pofuna kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, madzi amathiridwa pa mbale yoyikidwa pansi.

Madzi apampopi ayenera kukonzedwa asanatsanulire mu aquarium!

Kukonzekera madzi, ma conditioner apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito (osasokonezedwa ndi zotsukira zovala!), Zomwe zimamanga ndi kusokoneza zinthu m'madzi. Pali zida zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woyikamo nsomba patsiku loyamba mutakhazikitsa aquarium. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chowongolera, ndiye kuti muyenera kudikirira masiku 3-4 mutatha kukonza madzi, kenako ndikuyamba nsomba.

Chilolezo pa kasitomu 

Pangani malo okwanira obisala nsomba. Amakonda kwambiri mapanga omwe amatha kumangidwa kuchokera ku miyala ikuluikulu, komanso zokometsera zokongoletsera, ndi zina zotero. Ziphuphu zamatabwa zokhazokha zokhazokha ndizoyenera kukongoletsa. Mitengo yomwe mumatolera imawola m'madzi, ndikutulutsa zinthu zovulaza m'madzi. Miyala yomwe ili ndi laimu kapena zitsulo zosungira si yoyenera. Ndi bwino kuvala nyumba zamwala ndi silicone aquarium guluu pamalo okhudzana kuti asagwe chifukwa cha nsomba yogwira ntchito. 

Musapitirire ndi zokongoletsera - ndikofunika kusiya malo okwanira kuti nsomba zizitha kusambira.

Kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu zovulaza

Kuchokera ku chakudya chotsalira, ndowe za nsomba, ziwalo zakufa za zomera, ndi zina zotero poyamba zinapangidwa, malinga ndi pH makhalidwe, ammonium kapena ammonia. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kotsatira, nitrite imapangidwa poyamba, kenako nitrate. Ammonia ndi nitrite ndi owopsa kwa nsomba, makamaka poyambitsa aquarium. Choncho, mukamayamba aquarium, musaiwale kutsanulira mu Aquarium mankhwala apadera amadzi omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya apadera a nitrifying omwe amawononga mapuloteni owononga mapuloteni omwe ali owopsa kwa nsomba. 

Nitrates samaphwanyidwanso mu aquarium ndi fyuluta choncho amawunjikana. Pazambiri, amalimbikitsa kukula kwa algae osafunikira. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa nitrate kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikusintha madzi pafupipafupi (15-20% sabata iliyonse) komanso kukulitsa mbewu zomwe zimakula mwachangu (monga hornwort, elodea) m'madzi. 

Nsomba

Pogula nsomba, munthu sayenera kutengeka ndi maonekedwe awo okha, m'pofunika kuganizira zosiyana za khalidwe lawo, kukula kwake komaliza ndi chisamaliro. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza nsomba zomwe zili m'madzi osiyanasiyana, komanso nsomba zomwe zimadya algae ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zimasungidwa m'madzi otentha pafupifupi 25 C komanso pa pH ya ndale (6,5-7,5). Kuti asachulukitse m'madzi am'madzi ndikuwerengera bwino kuchuluka kwa nsomba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pomaliza kukula, pafupifupi 1 cm kutalika kwa nsomba yayikulu iyenera kugwera pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Pokhapokha aquarium itakongoletsedwa kale, yobzalidwa ndi zomera; fyuluta, chotenthetsera ndi ntchito yowunikira monga momwe amayembekezera; mayesero amasonyeza ubwino wa madzi - mukhoza kuthamanga nsomba.

Kusamuka kulikonse ndikusintha kwa chilengedwe komanso kumakhala kovuta nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Kuyenda kuyenera kupitilira maola awiri (ngati palibe mpweya wowonjezera).
• Mukaika nsomba, ndi bwino kuzimitsa kuyatsa, chifukwa. nsomba zimakhala bata mumdima.
• Kusintha kwa malo kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, pakuyika, sikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira nsomba nthawi yomweyo mu aquarium, koma ndi bwino kutsitsa thumba lotseguka m'madzi kuti liyandama, ndikutsanulira pang'onopang'ono madzi a aquarium mumadzi. thumba kwa theka la ola.

Kudyetsa

Thanzi ndi kukana kwa thupi la nsomba zimadalira chakudya choganizira, chosankhidwa bwino komanso kupereka mavitamini. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana, zokonzedwa pamaziko a zinthu zabwino. 

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya choperekedwa kuyenera kufanana ndi zosowa za nsomba. Chakudya sichiyenera kukhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali kuposa mphindi 15-20. Ngati chakudya chidakalipo, chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi chotsukira pansi kuti asadye kwambiri nsomba ndi acidity ya madzi.