Mitundu ya Parrot ya Amazon

Amazon Parrots ndi mbalame zokondweretsa komanso zaluso. Tidaphunzira za mawonekedwe awo, zomwe amakonda komanso momwe amawonera munthu m'nkhaniyi. Amazons. Si chinsinsi kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolengedwa zanzeru ndi zowala izi ndi zambiri. Parrot iliyonse ili ndi zest yake: kaya ndi kusiyana kwakunja kwa achibale, malo okhala m'chilengedwe kapena luso loimba, kulankhula, kulankhulana ndi anthu.

Umunthu wa Amazons umawonetseredwa osati pakati pa mitundu yaying'ono, koma mkati mwamtundu uliwonse, mbalame iliyonse ndi umunthu womwe ungakhale wosiyana kwambiri ndi achibale ake.

Pankhani ya luntha, mbalame za Amazon zimakhala zachiwiri kwa African gray parrot, sizivuta kuziweta, chifukwa mbalamezo zimakopeka ndi anthu.

Mbalame yokondwa yokhala mwamtendere ndi chikondi ndi mwiniwake imatha kukondweretsa munthu aliyense ndi chikondi, kudzipereka ndi kukoma mtima. Ubale pakati pa Amazon ndi mwini wake ndi wozama kwambiri komanso wokhudza mtima, mbalameyo "imapuma" ndi bwenzi lake, imakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la moyo wa munthu popanda chochitika chimodzi chomwe sichidzasiyidwa.

Kuti tidziwe bwino zamtundu wa Amazon, tiyeni tiwone mtundu uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere. Sizidzakhala zosavuta kuti muyende posankha mtundu wa parrot, koma kumvetsetsa kusinthasintha kwa mbalamezi, zachilendo ndi zamtengo wapatali zidzabwera.

M'magulu osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zinkhwe chikhoza kukhala kuyambira 26 mpaka 32. Tatchula mitundu 30, kuphatikizapo yomwe yatulukira posachedwapa: Amazona kawalli ndipo tinatchula ziwiri zomwe zatha kale: Amazona violacea ndi Amazona martinica.

Amazon muller

 (Amazona farinosa - "Amazon ufa")

Malo okhala: nkhalango zowirira za ku Central ndi South America, kumpoto kwa Brazil.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Amazoni, kukula kwa thupi la mbalame ndi 38-42 cm, kulemera kwa 550-700 g. Pali kufanana kwakunja ndi Amazona ochrocephala oratrix, timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta ku Surinamese Amazon.

Mtundu wa parrot ndi wobiriwira ndi imvi-woyera "ufa", womwe umapatsa utoto wosuta komanso zotsatira za ufa ndi ufa. Malo achikasu amatha kuwoneka kutsogolo kwa mutu mwa anthu ena. Kumbuyo kwa mutu, nthengazo zimakongoletsedwa ndi malire a imvi-violet, mphete zamaso zimakhala zoyera. Mapiko a mapikowo ndi ofiira-azitona kapena ofiira-chikasu, malekezero a nthenga zowuluka ndi zofiirira-zoyera.

Palibe dimorphism yogonana.

Kwa moyo waundende, mbalame zimafunikira malo otetezedwa komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, poganizira zosowa zamtundu uwu (chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, mbalame zotchedwa parrots nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kusowa kwa vitamini A). Iwo amanenepa mofulumira kwambiri ndipo chizolowezi chawo kunenepa kwambiri zimakhudza ambiri chikhalidwe cha mbalame.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kukhalabe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ku Amazons. Amazoni a Muller ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri, zomwe zimakhazikika mosavuta kwa anthu. Panthawi yokweretsa, amatha kukhala aukali kwa anthu ena ndi mbalame. Parrot imateteza mwansanje mwiniwake kuti asakumane ndi ena ndipo amafuna chisamaliro chosagawanika. 

Mitundu ya Amazon Muller imagawidwa m'magulu 5, magwero ena akuwonetsa 3, chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa akatswiri azamisonkho chidzamveka bwino pansipa:

• Amazona farinosa farinosa ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi chigamba chachikulu chachikasu.
• Amazona farinosa inornata ndi yayikulu kuposa mitundu ina, nthenga zachikasu pafupifupi palibe kumutu wobiriwira.
• Amazona farinosa chapmani - amasiyana ndi inornata kukula kwake kwakukulu, kotero akatswiri ena a mbalame amawapanga kukhala mitundu ina - inornata.
• Amazona farinosa virenticeps - mtundu wa thupi lonse la subspecies ili ndi chikasu chobiriwira, ndipo pamphumi ndi frenulum ndi zobiriwira ndi buluu pang'ono.

Amazona farinosa guatemalae - m'mabuku a Chingerezi mungapeze mawu akuti parrot iyi ndi Amazon yamutu wabuluu. Kumtunda kwa mutu ndi buluu, koma pang'onopang'ono, kutembenukira kumbuyo, mtunduwo umakhala wa imvi. Nthenga zopindika mapikowo ndi zachikasu zobiriwira. Zinkhwe ndi ofanana ndi subspecies virenticeps, kupatula mtundu wa mutu.

Royal (St. Vincent) Amazon

 (Amazona guildingii)

Malo okhala: Mitengo yamvula yachilumba cha St. Vincent.

Mtundu wa parrot ndi wokongola kwambiri: wobiriwira ndi azitona pa nthenga zam'mbuyo zagolide. Mutu ndi lalanje, pamphumi ndi kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi zoyera ndi kusintha kosalala kwachikasu. Masaya ndi malo ozungulira makutu ndi blue-violet, mimba ya parrot ndi yagolide.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 500, chifukwa chotchera mbalame mosaloledwa, kuzisaka komanso kuwononga malo awo, kuchuluka kwa anthu kunali mbalame pafupifupi XNUMX zokha. Masiku ano zamoyozi zimatetezedwa ndi CITES.

mfumu amazon

(Kaiser's Amazon) (Amazona imperialis)

Habitat: nkhalango zotentha ndi mapiri a Lesser Antilles ndi Dominican Islands.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Amazoni, kukula kwa thupi kumafika 47 cm. Mtundu waukulu wa parrot ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda, pamphumi ndi masaya ndi ofiirira-bulauni, ndipo makutu ndi ofiira-bulauni. Mutu, khosi ndi mimba ndi zofiirira.

Kumwamba, kuuluka kwachifumu amazon ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mbalame yodya nyama: kukula kwake kochititsa chidwi, kugunda kwa mapiko osowa komanso kuthekera kokhala pa mafunde amlengalenga kwa nthawi yaitali kungasocheretse aliyense wowonera.

Palibe dimorphism yogonana mumtundu wa parrot. Imperial Amazons chisa m'maenje a mitengo, ana mu mawonekedwe a mwana wankhuku amawonekera kamodzi kokha zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Zinkhwe zimatha kufuula mokweza kwambiri ndi mawu osiyanasiyana, omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi mawu opangidwa ndi mapaipi.

Mitundu yosowa kwambiri, yomwe ili pafupi kutha. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 100, chiwerengero cha anthu chinali ndi anthu XNUMX okha. Mitundu imeneyi yavutika ndi kusaka kosaloledwa kosaloledwa ndi kusaka, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso mphepo yamkuntho - kuwononga malo awo okhala. Ma Amazon a Imperial amatetezedwa ndi CITES.

Wokongola Amazon

 (Kusaka kwa Amazon)

Habitat: nkhalango za araucaria za kumwera kwa Brazil, kusamuka kwa nyengo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina ndi Paraguay.

Mbalame yobiriwira yokhala ndi nthenga zofiira kuzungulira maso, pamphumi, pa mapiko a mapiko ndi pa nthenga zouluka za dongosolo loyamba. M'mphepete mwa nthenga zowuluka ndi buluu. Kwa akazi, chiwerengero cha nthenga zofiira pamapiko oyambirira sichiposa zidutswa 6, m'mphepete mwake ndi wobiriwira.

Mbalame yosowa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kugwidwa mosaloledwa ndi opha nyama. Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha boma la Brazil, chiwerengero cha anthu chinawonjezeka kufika mu 1997 mbalame ndi 16000.

Chikondwerero (chikondwerero, ndevu zabuluu) Amazon

 (Chikondwerero cha Amazon)

Malo okhala: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Amazon ndi nkhalango za Orinoco.

Mbalameyi ndi yobiriwira kwambiri ndipo ili ndi malire akuda akuda kumtunda kwa thupi. Pamphumi pali mzere wofiira umene umatambasulira m’maso, m’kamwa ndi wofiyira wakuda, kumunsi kwa msana ndi kofiira. Mzere wabuluu wa buluu kuchokera m'maso, "wokhudza" pang'ono masaya, umapita kummero. Chibwano ndi malo omwe ali pamwamba pa maso amakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga za buluu. Nthenga za ulendo woyamba zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zachikasu, pomwe zachiwiri zimakhala zabuluu-violet.

Chikondwerero cha Amazon chili ndi mitundu iwiri:

• Amazona festiva festiva ndi mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Amazona festiva bodini - mithunzi yodzaza kwambiri ya nthenga, yonyezimira yachikasu, pafupifupi yakuda, ndi mizere yofiirira pamwamba pa maso.

Parrot yofulumira kwambiri yomwe imatha kusinthidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa kukambirana ndi zidule.

Ngakhale kuti zamoyozi zimatchulidwa kuti ndi zaka 24,5, komabe, moyo wa mbalame ndi zaka XNUMX zokha.

White-fronted (wamaso ofiira) Amazon

 (Amazon albifron)

Habitat: kuchokera ku nkhalango zamvula za ku Central America kupita kumpoto kwa Costa Rica. Chodabwitsa cha Amazon yoyera kutsogolo kwake ndi 26 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 370 - uwu ndi mtundu waung'ono kwambiri wa Amazon.

Mbalameyi ndi yobiriwira, yokhala ndi malo oyera pamphumi, maso amapangidwa ndi "magalasi" ofiira, pali nthenga za buluu kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mu anapiye, malo oyera ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri ndipo amatulutsa chikasu, edging yofiira imakhalanso yochepa komanso yotumbululuka. Amuna ali ndi mzere wofiira pamapiko awo, akazi ali ndi maso ofiira-bulauni. Mapiko owuluka ndi a buluu, mimba ndi mchira wapansi ndi wobiriwira wachikasu.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 50. Mtundu uwu wa Amazon ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda mbalame. Zinkhwe ndizodzichepetsa, ngakhale zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kochepa, monga Amazons onse.

Amazona albifrons imagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Amazona albifrons albifrons, Amazon yakutsogolo yoyera ndi mitundu yamitundu.
• Amazona albifrons nana, Amazon yaing'ono yoyera kutsogolo - yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa timagulu tating'onoting'ono, osapitilira 24 cm.
• Amazona albifrons saltuensis, Amazon ya ku Sonorian yoyera kutsogolo, imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zake zobiriwira zobiriwira.

Blue-fronted (mapewa ofiira) Amazon

 (Amazon yachilimwe)

Habitat: nkhalango zowirira za Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia ndi Paraguay.

Mbalame zobiriwira zokhala ndi malo a buluu pamphumi, zomwe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mithunzi mwa munthu aliyense, zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusiyanitsa mbalame iliyonse pagulu. Mphuno, masaya ndi nape yellow. Palibe dimorphism yogonana mumtundu uwu.

Amazona aestiva imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Amazona aestiva aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758), yomwe ndi yosankha Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (Berlepsch, 1896).

Mitundu yodziwika bwino imadziwika ndi nthenga zofiira m'munsi mwa phiko, ndipo Amazon yachikasu pamapewa pamalo omwewo pamapiko amakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zachikasu zokhala ndi zigamba zofiira.

Amazons amtundu wabuluu amakhala ndi moyo wautali, zaka za mbalame zomwe zili mu ukapolo zimatha kufika zaka 90.

Mitundu yotchuka ya parrot yosungidwa kunyumba, ngakhale kuswana kwaukapolo ndikosowa kwambiri. Zinkhwe ndi wovuta pa zinthu. Ngakhale m'bwalo la ndege lalikulu komanso lomasuka, mbalame zimatha kuzolowera chilengedwe kwa chaka chopitilira, koma ngati zikonda malowa, m'zaka zingapo mudzawona kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza kwa ana kuchokera pazinkhwe zanu.

Mbalame zimanyengerera mosavuta mamvekedwe ndi malankhulidwe a anthu, zili ndi luso lamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zonse amatha kuzindikira mwiniwake pagulu la anthu. Amazoni okhala ndi mapewa ofiira amatha kupanga mawu odulira, choncho ndi bwino kuphunzitsa mbalame. Chifukwa cha kuleredwa, simumva kulira kotere kuchokera kwa iwo kawirikawiri.

Amazons akutsogolo kwa buluu amamva kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa 12C. Mpweya wozizira umawononga mbalamezi, ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa.

Blue-capped (mutu wa lilac) Amazon

 (wokwera finschi)

Habitat: nkhalango za coniferous ndi oak, nkhalango zotentha za kumadzulo kwa Mexico.

Mtundu ndi wobiriwira, pamphumi ndi kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi violet-bulauni, nthenga za mutu zimakhala ndi buluu wa lilac, womwe umachoka kumbuyo kwa mutu kupita ku khosi - mbalameyi imakhala ndi hood pamutu pake, mimba ndi ya mtundu wa mandimu. Mphete zozungulira maso ndi zotuwa. Nthenga za ndege za dongosolo lachiwiri ndi buluu-violet, nthenga zisanu zoyambirira zimakhala ndi mawanga ofiira.

Chifukwa cha kuwukira pafupipafupi minda ya nthochi, amatengedwa ngati tizilombo.

Kuyambira 2004, zamoyozi zatetezedwa ndi CITES. Chiwerengero cha ma Amazon okhala ndi zisoti zabuluu chimakhala ndi anthu 7-000.

Blue-cheeked (mapiko alalanje) Amazon

 (Amazona dufresnian)

Malo okhala: mitengo ya mangrove, nkhalango zotentha ndi magombe a mitsinje kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, ku Suriname, Guyana, kumwera kwa Venezuela.

Parrot wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire akuda kumtunda kwa thupi. Masaya ndi mmero ndi bluish-buluu, pamphumi ndi nkhani zachikasu. Pali mzere walalanje pambali pa phiko.

Mitundu yosowa kwambiri.

nkhope yabuluu

(Sentlusian, multi-colored) Amazon (Amazona versicolor)

Malo okhala: malo otsetsereka a nkhalango zowirira zamapiri a Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia).

Mbalame yaikulu (masentimita 43), mtundu waukulu ndi wobiriwira. Nthenga za mutu, masaya ndi makutu ndi buluu, pamphumi ndi buluu-violet. Mu ma bluefaces ena, malo ofiira amatha kuwoneka pachifuwa. Nthenga za ndege za dongosolo loyamba ndi buluu-violet, dongosolo lachiwiri ndi lobiriwira ndi m'mphepete mwa buluu-violet. Nthenga zowopsya zimakongoletsedwa ndi malo ofiira.

Mitundu ya Amazoni yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zakusaka kosalamulirika kwa mbalamezi, kuthetsedwa kwa malo awo achilengedwe. Tsoka ilo, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 400, chiwerengero cha mbalame chinachepetsedwa kukhala 1980. Kuyambira XNUMX, Amazon ya nkhope yabuluu yakhala mbalame yapadziko lonse lapansi pachilumbachi. Woyera Lucia.

Wine-breasted (wine-red, njiwa) Amazon

 (Amazona vinacea)

Malo okhala: nkhalango za pine, nkhalango zowirira, mapiri otsetsereka ndi nkhalango za kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Brazil, Paraguay ndi Argentina.

Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi wobiriwira, malire a nthenga zakuda amayenda pamutu ndi kumbuyo. Mlomo ndi kamwa ndi wofiira, pakhosi ndi pamimba zimakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira za vinyo zokhala ndi zakuda ndi zabuluu.

Zinkhwe zokhala ndi mawere a vinyo zatsala pang’ono kutha pazifukwa zofanana ndi za mitundu ina ya mbalamezi: kupha nyama mozembera nyama komanso kutayika kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa malo olimapo.

Nkhope Yofiyira (yellow-cheeked) Amazon

 (Amazona autumnalis)

Habitat: nkhalango zotentha za kum'mwera kwa Ecuador, South America ndi Eastern Mexico.

Mbalame yowala kwambiri komanso yokongola. Pamphumi pamakhala utoto wofiira, masaya ndi achikasu, mbali ya parietal imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi malire akuda. Kuzungulira maso, nthenga zakuda, mofanana ndi nsidze, zimawazungulira ndi mphete yoyera yomwe imasonyeza maso alalanje. Palibe dimorphism yogonana.

Amazon ya nkhope zofiira ili ndi mitundu inayi:

• Amazona autumnalis autumnalis ndi mtundu wamtundu womwewo.
• Amazona autumnalis diadema - yodziwika ndi kapezi pamphumi ndi masaya okhala ndi utoto wabuluu.
• Amazona autumnalis salvini - mtunduwu uli ndi masaya obiriwira achikasu, ndipo nthenga zamkati zamchira zamkati zimakhala zofiira. Mtundu wotumbululuka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Osatchuka kwambiri ndi eni mbalame.
• Amazona autumnalis lilacina - parrot ndi ofanana ndi mayina amtundu, koma mtunduwo ndi wakuda kwambiri.

Amazon ya nkhope yofiira ndi chiweto chodziwika bwino, ali ndi luso komanso amaphunzitsidwa mosavuta kulankhula. Kuipa kumodzi kwa mtundu uwu ndi kufuula: mbalame zimakonda kupanga phokoso ndi kuluma.

red-throated amazon

 (Amazona arausiaca)

Habitat: nkhalango za alpine, mangroves a Lesser Antilles ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil.

Nthenga ndi zobiriwira, kutsogolo kwa mutu, kuphatikizapo masaya ndi khosi, ndi buluu-violet, pakhosi pali nthenga zofiira, kukula kwake kungakhale kosiyana, mbalame zina zimaphimba chifuwa chachikulu. .

Amazons okhala ndi khosi lofiira ali pansi pa chitetezo cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse woteteza chilengedwe cha CITES. Mitundu ya Parrot ili pangozi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 400, padziko lapansi panali anthu XNUMX okha.

Mchira Wofiira (Brazil) Amazon

 (Amazona brasiliensis)

Habitat: mitengo ya mangrove ndi nkhalango zotentha za kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil.

Parrot ndi wobiriwira, pamphumi, pakamwa ndi mapiko ndi ofiira, pali malo achikasu-lalanje pamutu, mutu wokha ndi wabuluu-buluu.

Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu ulibe luso lapadera, ukhoza kupezeka pakati pa okonda zinkhwe.

Kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala ndi kutsekera msampha mosaloledwa kwa ma Amazon a ku Brazil kwachititsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo cha kutha. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 3000, zamoyozi zinali ndi anthu XNUMX okha. Amazona brasiliensis amatetezedwa ndi CITES.

yellow-khosi amazon

 (Amazona auropalliata)

Habitat: kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Mexico kupita ku Costa Rica.

Mofanana ndi Amazons onse, mtundu waukulu wa mbalameyo ndi wobiriwira, nthenga za mutu zimakhala zobiriwira, koma ndi buluu, khosi ndi nape zimakongoletsedwa ndi malo achikasu owala. Nthenga zobiriwira zapansi zowulukira zimachepetsedwa ndi nthenga yaing'ono yofiira.

Chowoneka chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda mbalame. Waluso, wochezeka komanso wachikondi. Amakonda kwambiri anthu, amaphunzira kulankhula mosavuta ndipo amaphunzira bwino.

Akatswiri ena amisonkho amagawa ma Amazon okhala ndi khosi lachikasu m'magulu atatu:

• Yellow-khosi Amazon (Amazona Auropalliata);
• Nicaragua Amazon (Amazona Parvipes);
• Caribbean Amazon (Amazona Caribaea).

Imaberekana bwino muukapolo pamikhalidwe yabwino.

Yellow-mapewa (yellow-winged) Amazon

 (Amazon barbadensis)

Habitat: zigwa, zigwa ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Bonaire Island, Venezuela. Tsoka ilo, ma Amazon amapewa achikasu onse atha pachilumba cha Aruba.

Wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mbali zakuda. Kutsogolo kwa mutu kumakhala koyera, kumbuyo kwa mutu, masaya, malo ozungulira maso ndi mmero ndi chikasu chowala. Kupinda kwa mapiko ndi nthenga za m’miyendo ya m’munsi zimakhalanso zachikasu. Mbali yakunja ya nthenga zowuluka ndi yofiira, ndipo malekezero ake ndi buluu wakuda.

Yaikazi ili ndi mlomo wocheperako pang'ono komanso mutu wotumbululuka.

Amazoni okhala ndi mapewa achikasu ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri ndipo ndizofala pakati pa okonda zinkhwe. Amakumana mosavuta ndi anthu, ochezeka kwambiri, okondana komanso zolengedwa zofulumira. Mtundu uwu siwofuula. Kuswana mu ukapolo si wamba, koma pali milandu bwino.

Amazon a mapiko achikasu ali pafupi kutha ndipo amatetezedwa ndi CITES.

Yellow-bridled (Yucatan) Amazon

 (Amazona xanthora)

Habitat: nkhalango zodula mvula, mitengo ya mangrove, madera ouma a Yucatan Peninsula ndi Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Roatan ndi Cozumel Islands.

Nthenga zazikulu ndi zobiriwira ndi m'mphepete mwakuda. Kunja, amuna amasiyana ndi akazi. Amuna ali ndi mphumi yoyera, mkombero wofiyira kuzungulira maso, kamwa yachikasu, ndi mutu wabuluu. Nthenga zapaulendo woyamba zimakhala zabuluu. Pansi pa nthenga za mchira ndi zophimba zake zimakhala zofiira.

Akazi ali ndi mphumi ya lilac-buluu yosakanikirana ndi nthenga zoyera, ndi zofiira kuzungulira maso. Nthenga za ndege zoyambira ndizobiriwira, zophimba zimatha kukhala zofiira.

Zinkhwe zaphokoso zomwe zimakhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Masana, anthu okwana 50 amasonkhana m’magulumagulu, pamene usiku chiwerengero chawo chimatha kupitirira 1500 mbalame.

yellow-headed amazon

 (Amazona oratrix)

Malo okhala: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Honduras.

Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi wobiriwira, chifuwa, khosi ndi kumbuyo zimakhala zobiriwira zakuya ndi mdima wakuda. Mutu ndi wachikasu, koma malingana ndi ma subspecies a mutu wachikasu wa Amazon, mithunzi ya nthenga ndi mtundu wachikasu wa mutu ukhoza kukhala ngati mawanga kapena mosemphanitsa - mtundu wonse wa madera akuluakulu a thupi.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Amazoni, kukula kwa thupi kumafika 41 cm.

Kugawika kwa timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta ma Amazon amutu wachikasu (Amazona oratrix) ndi ma Amazon akutsogolo achikasu (Amazona ochracephala) ndi amphamvu komanso akusintha mosalekeza.

Tingoganizira imodzi yokha mwa njira zogawira ma subspecies:

• Belizean Amazon (Amazona Belizensis);
• Honduran (Amazona hondurensis);
• Yaikulu, yamutu wachikasu wapawiri Amazon (Amazona Oratrix).

Amazon yamutu wachikasu ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Amazon pakati pa okonda mbalame. Anthu ochezeka kwambiri, aluso, otha kuyankhula, kuyimba komanso kumveka bwino - mbalamezi zakopa mitima ya anthu ambiri. Kwa obereketsa odziwa zambiri, kuswana mu ukapolo sikovuta kwenikweni.

Kuthengo, pofika m’chaka cha 1994, anthu a ku Amazon okhala ndi mitu yachikasu anali ndi mbalame zosaposa 7000. Mtundu uwu wa parrot uli pansi pa chitetezo cha CITES.

Makutu akuda (Dominican) Amazon

 (Amazona ventralis)

Habitat: minda ndi nkhalango zotentha za Dominican Republic, pafupifupi. Haiti. Poyamba ankakhala pafupifupi. Gonav, koma anafa.

Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi wobiriwira, nthenga iliyonse imakhala yakuda. Malo ozungulira maso, pamphumi ndi frenulum ndi oyera. Korona ali ndi utoto wabuluu, nthenga zozungulira makutu ndi zakuda. Mimba yokhala ndi burgundy-brown tint. Nthenga za ndege za mtundu wachiwiri zimakhala zabuluu-buluu.

Kuthengo, amapanga magulu akuluakulu, amawononga minda, chifukwa chake amawonedwa ngati tizilombo.

amazon wobiriwira-cheeked

 (Amazon viridigenalis)

Malo okhala: amakonda malo otsetsereka, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otseguka, nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico.

Mphepete wapakatikati, nthenga zobiriwira, zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira-buluu m'mphepete mwa nthenga zowuluka ndi nthenga zofiira pazitseko. Mapiko okha ndi okongola amdima wobiriwira. Mutu kuchokera kukamwa mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi wofiira, mtundu wa nthenga kuchokera m'maso mpaka korona ndi wobiriwira wabuluu. Pa nthenga zobiriwira za mchira, m’mbali mwake muli chikasu.

Ku USA, pali kusintha kwa Amazon-cheeked Amazon - Lutino.

Mzimayi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kochepa kwa mutu ndi mlomo, ndipo malo ofiira pamutu pake ndi ochepa kwambiri.

Ku Ulaya, mitunduyi ndi yosowa kwambiri. Koma otchuka kwambiri ku US. Amazoni okhala ndi mataya obiriwira ndi mbalame zokonda kwambiri, zokonda kusewera komanso zoweta.

Tsoka ilo, chiwerengero cha mbalame chikucheperachepera chifukwa cha kugwidwa kosaloledwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Msilikali Amazon

 (Amazona mercenary)

Habitat: zigwa, nkhalango zotentha komanso zotentha za Ecuador, Colombia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Venezuela.

Parrot yokhala ndi thupi lobiriwira, mutu, mmero ndi pamimba ndizopepuka pang'ono. Nthenga za nape ndi kumbuyo zimakhala zobiriwira zakuda ndi zotuwa zabuluu. Mapiko pa khola ndi achikasu kapena lalanje-chikasu. Mchira ndi wachikasu-wobiriwira.

Palibe dimorphism yogonana.

Msilikali wa Amazon ali ndi mitundu iwiri:

• Mercenary amazon canipalliata;
• Mercenary Mercenary Amazona.

Msilikali wa Amazon ndi mbalame zamanyazi komanso zochenjera. Mutha kuwamva m'bandakucha komanso madzulo, masana onse akufunafuna chakudya m'zigwa, ndipo usiku amakonda kusonkhanitsa zisoti zamitengo m'nkhalango zazitali zamapiri. Zochepa zimadziwika za moyo wa mtundu uwu wa Amazons.

yellow-fronted amazon

(Amazona ochracephala) (Amazona ochracephala)

Habitat: nkhalango za mangrove, nkhalango zotentha, minda yaulimi ku Central ndi South America, kuchokera ku Mexico kupita kummawa kwa Peru ndi madera akumpoto kwa Brazil.

Magulu amtundu wa yellow-fronted (Amazona ochracephala) ndi Amazona amutu wachikasu (Amazona oratrix) ndi amphamvu komanso akusintha mosalekeza.

Tikambirana njira imodzi yokha yogawira subspecies.

Amazon yakutsogolo yakutsogolo ili ndi mitundu inayi:

• Panama Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala panamensis);
• Suriname Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala);
• Nyani wa gologolo (Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema);
• Green Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala nattereri).

Parrot ndi kukula kwa 37 cm, nthenga zazikulu ndi zobiriwira, zakuda chakumtunda. Pafupi ndi mandible pali mawanga ofiira, pamphumi ndi mbali ya korona ndi yachikasu, mapiko ndi ofiira. Kumbuyo ndi khosi amakonzedwa ndi chepetsa wakuda. Nthengazo zili ndi mawanga ofiira. Nthenga za mchira zimakhala zobiriwira, zimasanduka zofiira pafupi ndi tsinde.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zam'tchire zam'tchire zimakhala zachikasu, koma zimakhala zofala kuona mbalame ziwiri osati gulu.

Ma Amazon akutsogolo achikasu ndi amodzi mwa zinkhwe zomwe ndimakonda, ndi anzeru, okonda komanso oseketsa. Mtundu uwu wa Amazon umaphunzitsidwa, kuphunzira kulankhula ndi kuimba. Kwa obereketsa akatswiri, kubereka kwamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambana.

Puerto Rican Amazon

 (Amazona vittata)

Malo okhala: mitengo ya kanjedza, mapiri a Luquillo ndi nkhalango zamvula. Puerto Rico.

Green Parrot yokhala ndi mbali zakuda kumapeto kwa nthenga. Pamwamba pa mlomo pali kachingwe kakang'ono kofiira, pachifuwa ndi mimba yokhala ndi tinge yachikasu. Nthenga za ndege za dongosolo loyamba ndi zophimba zimakhala za buluu. Nthenga zakunja za mchira zimakhala zofiira pansi. Mphete zoyera zotambalala kuzungulira maso.

Amazon ya Puerto Rican ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

• Amazona vittata gracilipes Ridgway, kuyambira 1912 ndi zamoyo zomwe zatha, pafupifupi. Culebra. Kuthetsedwa ndi munthu ngati chowononga mbewu zaulimi;
• Amazona vittata vittata.

Mitunduyi yatsala pang’ono kutha, choncho ndiyosowa kwambiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 26, panali anthu 56 kuthengo ndi 2006 ku nazale ya Luquillo. Koma kale mu 34, panali mbalame pafupifupi 40-143 kuthengo ku Puerto Rican Amazons ndi XNUMX ku ukapolo.

Masiku ano, mbalame zolusa zimayang'aniridwa ndi kutetezedwa nthawi zonse.

Cuban (mutu woyera) Amazon

 (Amazona leucocephala)

Habitat: nkhalango za coniferous za Bahamas, Cuba, zilumba: Little Cayman ndi Grand Cayman.

Mtundu wa thupi la parrot ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire akuda. Kutsogolo kwa mutu, pamphumi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi malo ozungulira maso amakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zoyera ngati chipale chofewa, m'mphepete mwa makutu pali nthenga zakuda zotuwa. Masaya, mmero ndi chifuwa ndi kapezi, nthenga pamimba ndi pang`ono wofiirira kulocha. Nthenga za mchira ndi zobiriwira ndi m'mphepete mwake zachikasu ndi zigamba zofiira. Nthenga zapaulendo woyamba zimakhala zabuluu.

Mitundu ya Amazons aku Cuba imagawidwa m'magulu atatu kapena asanu:

• Amazona leucocephala leucocephala ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono.
• Amazona leucocephala bahamensis - Bahamian Cuban Amazon, malo ofiirira pamimba pafupifupi palibe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthenga zoyera pamutu kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kwa mitundu ina.
• Amazona leucocephala palmarum - Amazon yaku Western Cuba, parrot yakuda kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Ma subspecies awa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mwadzina, chifukwa pakhosi ndi chifuwa cha si mbalame zonse zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi red edging.
• Amazona leucocephala hesterna - Caiman-Brak Cuban Amazon, mtundu wa parrot umayendetsedwa ndi mandimu-yellow hue, kachidutswa kakang'ono pamimba, ndi nthenga zofiira zokha pakhosi.
• Amazona leucocephala caymanensis - The Cayman Cuban Amazon, akatswiri ena a mbalame amaona kuti timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timakhala tating'onoting'ono. The ndimu hue wa nthenga waukulu, kokha mphumi ndi kuwala masaya ndi mmero ndi woyera - kwa asayansi ena si chifukwa chokwanira kusiyanitsa caymanensis mu subspecies osiyana, popeza si mbalame zonse. Grand Cayman ili ndi mtundu wofanana.

Ma Amazon aku Cuba ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi okonda mbalame. Izi ndi mbalame zolankhula, zofulumira komanso zaphokoso, zomwe zimatchuka chifukwa cha kusadziletsa pazakudya. Zowoneka bwino ndizosavuta kuziwongolera zikafika pamtundu umodzi. Amazoni amutu oyera amatha kutsanzira mawu ndipo amatha kukambirana.

Kuswana mu ukapolo wa mitundu iyi sikophweka: chifukwa chopambana, mbalame zingapo zimayikidwa mu aviary yaikulu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulankhulana kwawo ndi anthu momwe zingathere. Popeza adapanga zofunikira zonse, pakapita nthawi mbalame zimazolowera ndikuyamba kuwonetsa kukonzekera kubereka. M'nyengo yokweretsa, Amazons aku Cuba amakhala aukali kwambiri kwa alendo komanso oyandikana nawo. Pofuna kupewa mavuto, banjali limadzipatula kwa mbalame zina.

Kutumiza ndi kugulitsa zamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa, koma kufunikira kwakukulu kwa Amazons aku Cuba sikutha, kotero mbalame zili pangozi. Chiwerengero cha ma Amazoni awa chikuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya CITES.

Amazon yakuda yaku Jamaican

 (Amazon agilis)

Habitat: nkhalango zamvula za ku Jamaica.

Mbalamezi ndi zobiriwira moderapo ndipo kuseri kwa mutu kumakhala kofiirira. Nthenga zozungulira makutu ndi zakuda. Mwa amuna, nthenga zachiwiri zowuluka ndi buluu-ofiira, mwa akazi, mapiko ndi obiriwira kwathunthu.

Chifukwa cha mitundu yawo, ma Amazons akuda amabisala mosavuta m'mitengo yamitengo ndipo ndizovuta kupeza. Mbalamezi zikazindikira kuti zili pangozi, zimakhala chete, zomwe zimasokonezanso kufufuza kwawo.

Amazon yakuda yaku Jamaica ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Jamaican yellow-billed Amazon

 (Amazon Wokongola)

Habitat: nkhalango zotentha, nkhalango zotentha, mitengo ya mangrove, minda ndi minda yaku Jamaica.

Parrot wobiriwira mtundu ndi chikasu kulocha. Pali malo oyera pamphumi, mutu ndi bluish-wobiriwira, masaya ndi buluu, ndi mmero ndi khosi zofiira ndi wobiriwira malire.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe, zamoyozi zili pangozi ya kutha.

Venezuelan (mapiko alalanje) Amazon

 (Amazon amazonica)

Malo: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

Amazon yaku Venezuela ndi yofanana pang'ono ndi Amazon yakutsogolo kwa buluu, koma yaying'ono kukula kwake. Pamphumi ndi m’masaya pamakhala nthenga zachikasu, ngakhale kuti mabala abuluu amakhalanso ofala kwambiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya Amazoni ndi mtundu wa mandible: kutsogolo kwa buluu ndi imvi-wakuda, ku Venezuela ndi kowala kofiira. Maso amapangidwa ndi nthenga za buluu, m'mapiko oyambirira muli nthenga zofiira-lalanje. Kugonana kwa dimorphism sikuwonetsedwa.

Amazon ya ku Venezuela imaphatikizapo timagulu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta Venezuela: Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia) ndi Amazona amazonica tobagensis (zilumba za Tobago ndi Trinidad). Kusiyana kuli kokha mu mtundu wa nthenga zowuluka ndi malo okhala. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi nthenga zitatu zofiira lalanje m'mapiko, ndipo yachiwiri ili ndi zisanu. Pouluka, nthenga zowala zalalanjezi zimawonekera kwambiri.

Kuthengo, idadziwika ngati tizilombo taulimi.

Ziweto zodziwika bwino, zimatha kuphunzitsidwa kulankhula, mawu a Amazon aku Venezuela ndi mawu pafupifupi 50, amatha kuchita zanzeru ndikubwereza bwino mawu ozungulira. Amakonda kukuwa, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri ngati simuyamba kuphunzitsa mbalame. Zimaswana bwino kunyumba.

Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala zaka 70.

Tucuman Amazon

 (Tucuman Amazon)

Habitat: nkhalango zamapiri kumwera kwa Bolivia ndi Argentina. M’nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimatsikira ku zigwa.

Mbalameyi ndi yobiriwira ndipo ili ndi malire obiriwira ozungulira m'mphepete mwa nthengazo. Red nthenga pamphumi ndi mpaka pakati kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mapiko achiwiri owuluka amakhalanso ofiira, mapiko a mchira ndi obiriwira, pansi ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiko a mchira ndi obiriwira achikasu. Mbalame zazikulu, zomwe zimaphimba mwendo wapansi ndi lalanje-chikasu, pamene Amazons aang'ono a Tucuman ndi obiriwira. Palibe dimorphism yogonana.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kosalamulirika kwa malo achilengedwe, pali ma Amazon a Tucuman 5500 okha.

Mtundu uwu si wotchuka kusungidwa mu ukapolo.

Amazon Cavalla, wa nkhope yoyera

(Amazon kawali)

Habitat: nkhalango zotentha ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja a mitsinje ku Amazon ndi Central Brazil.

Mbalameyi ndi yobiriwira, m'munsi mwa mlomo pali malo opanda nthenga amtundu woyera, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa parrot ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Nthenga zopindika mapiko ndi kumunsi kwake ndi zachikasu zobiriwira. Pali mawanga atatu ofiira pa nthenga zowuluka za dongosolo lachiwiri.

Chifukwa Cavalla Amazon ikufanana ndi Müller Amazon, kwa nthawi yayitali idawonedwa ngati mitundu ya "Amazon ufa". Posachedwapa, mu 1989, Amazon ya nkhope yoyera idadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi Muller's Amazon ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi la Cavalla (35-37 cm) ndi kukhalapo kwa khungu lowala pansi pa tsinde. mandible.

Mpaka kumapeto, moyo wa Amazons Cavalla sunaphunzire.

red-browed amazon

(Amazona rhodocorytha )

Malo okhala: nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yapakati pa Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia, Alagoas), nyengo yozizira m'mitengo ya mangrove.

Nthenga zazikulu ndi zobiriwira, pamphumi ndi parietal zone ndizofiira, masaya, makutu ndi mmero ndi buluu. Mawanga achikasu pamasaya. Nthenga zakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu zimapangidwa ndi malire akuda. Mphepete mwa mapikowo ndi amtundu wa mandimu, nthenga zitatu zoyambirira za dongosolo lachiwiri zimakhala zofiira. Pansi pa nthenga za mchira ndi lalanje.

Kutha kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe kwachititsa kuti zamoyozo zatsala pang’ono kutha.

†Wofiirira (Guadalupe) Amazon

 (Amazona violacea)

Mitundu imeneyi inali yopezeka ku Guadeloupe.

Mitundu yomwe yatha (inafa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX). Amazon wofiirira amakhulupirira kuti ndi mitundu yayikulu yamitundu yachifumu ya amazon.

Gmelin mu 1789, potengera kufotokoza kwa mbalame za ku Guadeloupe ndi Du Tertre (1654,1667), J. Labat (1742) ndi Brisson 1760, anafotokoza za Guadeloupe Amazon. Kalelo mu 1779, J. Buffon ananena kuti mtundu wofiirira wa Amazon ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri.

† Martinique Amazon

(Amazon waku Martin)

Mitundu imeneyi inatha chaka cha 1800 chisanafike chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake pachilumba cha Martinique (Lesser Antilles).

Zinali za subspecies yachifumu ya Amazon. Mbalameyi inkafanana ndi mbalame yofiirira yotchedwa Amazona violacea (Amazona violacea). Nthenga zakumbuyo zinali zobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba pake, mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu, zotuwa.

Zinkhwe ndi gawo lofunikira la chilengedwe, lomwe munthu amakonzanso kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zake. Chifukwa chake, zamoyo zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zamvula komanso m'malo otsetsereka zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mwanzeru, poganizira zosowa za anthu okhala ndi nthenga, kutetezedwa ndi kuwongolera kugwidwa kwawo, kumatha kusintha pang'ono momwe zolengedwa zokongola komanso zanzeru kwambiri izi zimadzipezera.