Kodi ziweto zimatha kumvera ena chisoni?

M’zaka za m’ma 16, nyama ankaziyerekezera ndi makina. Ankakhulupirira kuti ndi munthu yekha amene angaganize ndi kumva zowawa. Ndipo nyama siziganiza, sizimva, sizimvera chisoni komanso sizivutika. Rene Descartes ankanena kuti kubuula ndi kulira kwa nyama kumangokhala kugwedezeka mumlengalenga kumene munthu wanzeru sangamvetsere. Kuchitira nkhanza nyama kunali kofala.

Masiku ano, timakumbukira nthawizo ndi mantha ndikukumbatira galu wathu wokondedwa kwambiri… Ndibwino kuti sayansi ikukula mwachangu ndikuphwanya machitidwe akale.

M’zaka mazana apitawa, achita kafukufuku wochuluka wa sayansi amene asintha kwambiri mmene anthu amaonera nyama. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti nyama nazonso zimamva kuwawa, kuvutikanso, komanso kumverana chisoni wina ndi mnzake - ngakhale sizikuchita monga momwe ife timachitira.

Kodi chiweto chanu chimakumvetsani? Funsani funso ili kwa mwiniwake wachikondi wa mphaka, galu, ferret kapena parrot - ndipo adzayankha mosakayikira: "Zoonadi!".

Ndipo ndithudi. Mukakhala ndi chiweto mbali ndi mbali kwa zaka zingapo, inu kupeza chinenero wamba naye, mumaphunzira makhalidwe ake. Inde, ndipo chiwetocho chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khalidwe ndi maganizo a mwiniwakeyo. Wothandizira alendo akadwala, mphaka amabwera kudzamuchiritsa ndikugona pamalo owawa! Ngati mwiniwake akulira, galu samathamangira kwa iye ndi chidole pokonzekera, koma amaika mutu wake pa mawondo ake ndikutonthoza ndi kuyang'ana kodzipereka. Ndipo munthu angakayikire bwanji kuthekera kwawo kwa chifundo?

Kumvetsetsana ndi chiweto ndikodabwitsa. Koma musapange cholakwika chofala ichi. Ambiri aife timakonda kuyika malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro athu pa ziweto zathu. Iwo ndi ziŵalo za banja lathu, ndipo timawapanga iwo kukhala anthu, kuyembekezera “anthu” kuchitapo kanthu ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zina zimatha kuwononga ziweto. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwiniwakeyo akuganiza kuti mphaka anachita zinthu mu slippers ake "mopanda kanthu", ndipo amapita ku chilango. Kapena pamene galu sakufuna kutsekeredwa kuti asataye “chisangalalo cha umayi.”

Mwatsoka kapena mwamwayi, nyama zimawona dziko mosiyana ndi ife. Iwo ali ndi kachitidwe kawo ka kawonedwe ka dziko, kaganizidwe kawo kawo, kachitidwe kawo kawo. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo samamva ndipo samakumana nazo. Amangochita mosiyana - ndipo tiyenera kuphunzira kuvomereza.

Mukukumbukira Law of the Jungle? Munthu aliyense payekha! Amphamvu amapambana! Ngati muwona zoopsa, thawani!

Bwanji ngati zonsezo ndi zamkhutu? Bwanji ngati sikuli kudzikonda komwe kumathandiza nyama kukhala ndi moyo ndi kusintha, koma kumverana chisoni? Chisoni, thandizo, ntchito yamagulu?

• 2011. Yunivesite ya Chicago Medical Center ikuchita kafukufuku wina wa makhalidwe a makoswe. Makoswe awiri amaikidwa mu bokosi limodzi, koma wina akhoza kuyenda momasuka, pamene winayo amakhazikika mu chubu ndipo sangathe kusuntha. Makoswe "waulere" samachita monga mwachizolowezi, koma akuwonekeratu kuti ali ndi nkhawa: akuthamanga mozungulira khola, nthawi zonse akuthamangira ku makoswe otsekedwa. Patapita nthawi, makoswe amachoka ku mantha kupita kuntchito ndikuyesera kumasula "cellmate" wake. Kuyesera kumathera ndi mfundo yakuti pambuyo poyesa mwakhama kangapo, iye amapambana.
• M’tchire, m’gulu la njovu ziwiri, imodzi imakana kusuntha ngati inayo ikulephera kusuntha kapena kufa. Njovu yathanzi yaima pafupi ndi mnzake watsokayo, ikumusisita ndi chitamba chake, kuyesera kumuthandiza kuti adzuke. Chisoni? Palinso lingaliro lina. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndi chitsanzo cha ubale wa mtsogoleri ndi wotsatira. Ngati mtsogoleri amwalira, ndiye kuti wotsatira sakudziwa kumene angapite, ndipo mfundo yake sichifundo ayi. Koma bwanji kufotokoza izi? Mu 2012, mwana wa njovu wa miyezi itatu, Lola, adamwalira patebulo la opaleshoni ku Munich Zoo. Oyang'anira zookeeper anabweretsa mwanayo kwa banja lake kuti atsanzike. Njovu iliyonse inafika kwa Lola n’kumugwira ndi chitamba chake. Mayiyo anasisita mwanayo motalika kwambiri. Zochitika ngati izi zimachitika nthawi zonse kuthengo. Kafukufuku wamkulu wa asayansi a ku Britain mu 3 anasonyezanso kuti njovu, mofanana ndi anthu, zimakhala ndi chisoni komanso kulira maliro.
• Ku Austria, kafukufuku wina wokondweretsa unachitika ku Messerli Research Institute motsogoleredwa ndi Stanley Coren, nthawi ino ndi agalu. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza agalu 16 amitundu ndi mibadwo yosiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono, zizindikiro za alamu zinkatumizidwa kwa agalu ameneŵa kuchokera ku magwero atatu: maphokoso ochokera kwa agalu amoyo, mamvekedwe ofanana m’makaseti omvera, ndi zizindikiro zopangidwa ndi kompyuta. Agalu onse adawonetsa zomwezo: adanyalanyaza kwathunthu zizindikiro zamakompyuta, koma adadandaula atamva zizindikiro kuchokera ku gwero loyamba ndi lachiwiri. Agaluwo anali akuthamanga mopanda bata m’chipindamo, akunyambita milomo yawo, akuwerama mpaka pansi. Zomverera zinalemba kupsinjika kwakukulu mu galu aliyense. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pamene zizindikirozo zinasiya kufalikira ndipo agalu atakhazikika, anayamba, monga momwe, "kukondwera" wina ndi mzake: adagwedeza michira yawo, akugwedeza milomo yawo wina ndi mzake, akunyengererana, ndikuchita nawo masewerawo. . Ndi chiyani ichi ngati sichifundo?

Kuthekera kwa agalu kumvera chisoni kudaphunziridwanso ku UK. Ofufuza a Goldsmiths Custance ndi Meyer anachita kuyesera koteroko. Anasonkhanitsa agalu osaphunzitsidwa (makamaka ma mestizo) ndipo anachita zinthu zingapo zokhudza eni ake agalu amenewa ndi alendo. Mkati mwa phunzirolo, mwini galuyo ndi mlendoyo analankhula modekha, kukangana, kapena kuyamba kulira. Kodi agaluwo ankatani?

Anthu onsewo akanakhala kuti ankalankhula kapena kukangana modekha, agalu ambiri ankabwera kwa eni ake n’kukakhala kumapazi awo. Koma ngati mlendoyo anayamba kulira, galuyo nthawi yomweyo anathamangira kwa iye. Kenako galuyo anasiya mbuye wake n’kupita kwa mlendo amene anamuona koyamba m’moyo wake, n’cholinga choti amutonthoze. Izi zimatchedwa "mabwenzi a munthu" ...

Mukufuna milandu yambiri yachifundo m'thengo? Anyaniwa amamanga “milatho” pakati pa mitengo ya ana ndi anthu a fuko lofooka amene sangathe kulumpha. Njuchi imapereka moyo wake kuti iteteze gulu lake. Mbalame zimasonyeza kwa gulu la nkhosa za kuyandikira kwa mbalame yodya nyama - potero imadziulula. Ma dolphin amakankhira ovulala awo kumadzi kuti athe kupuma, m'malo mowasiya ku tsogolo lawo. Chabwino, kodi mukuganizabe kuti chifundo ndi munthu?

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amanena kuti kudzipereka kwa anthu kuthengo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti zamoyo zisinthe. Nyama zomwe zimamva ndi kumvetsetsana, zokhoza kusonkhana ndi kubwera kudzathandizana, zimapereka moyo osati kwa anthu payekha, koma gulu.

Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti amvetsetse luso lamalingaliro la nyama, masomphenya awo a dziko lozungulira iwo ndi iwo eni. Nkhani yofunika kwambiri pamutuwu ndi kudzidziwitsa. Kodi nyama zimamvetsetsa malire a thupi lawo, kodi zimadzidziwa? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, katswiri wa zamaganizo a nyama Gordon Gallup wapanga "kuyesa galasi". Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta. Chizindikiro chachilendo chinayikidwa pa nyamayo, ndiyeno inabweretsedwa pagalasi. Cholinga chinali choti awone ngati phunzirolo likhala ndi chidwi ndi kulingalira kwawo? Kodi amvetsetsa zomwe zasintha? Kodi adzayesa kuchotsa chizindikirocho kuti abwererenso ku maonekedwe ake?

Kafukufukuyu wakhala akuchitika kwa zaka zingapo. Masiku ano tikudziwa kuti si anthu okhawo amene amadzizindikira okha pagalasi, komanso njovu, dolphin, gorilla ndi chimpanzi, komanso mbalame zina. Koma amphaka, agalu ndi nyama zina sanadzizindikire. Koma kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti sadzizindikira? Mwina kafukufuku akufunika njira ina?

Zoonadi. Kuyesera kofanana ndi "Galasi" kunachitika ndi agalu. Koma m’malo mwa kalilole, asayansi anagwiritsa ntchito mitsuko ya mkodzo. Galuyo analowetsedwa m’chipinda momwe munali “zitsanzo” zingapo zotengedwa kuchokera kwa agalu osiyanasiyana ndi galu woyesera. Galuyo ananunkhiza kwa nthawi yaitali mtsuko uliwonse wa mkodzo wa munthu wina, ndipo anachedwetsa yekha kwa mphindi imodzi ndikudutsa. Zikuoneka kuti agalu amadzidziwanso okha - koma osati kupyolera mu chithunzi chowonekera pagalasi kapena pa chithunzi, koma kupyolera mu fungo.

Ngati lero sitidziwa za chinachake, izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe. Njira zambiri sizinaphunzirebe. Sitimvetsetsa zambiri, osati mu physiology ndi khalidwe la nyama, komanso zathu. Sayansi ikadali ndi njira yayitali komanso yofunikira, ndipo tiyenerabe kupanga chikhalidwe chochita ndi anthu ena okhala padziko lapansi, kuphunzira kukhala nawo mwamtendere komanso osataya mtima. Posachedwapa padzakhala asayansi atsopano amene adzachita maphunziro aakulu kwambiri, ndipo tidzadziwa zambiri zokhudza anthu okhala padziko lapansili.

Tangoganizani: amphaka ndi agalu akhala akukhala limodzi ndi anthu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Inde, amaona dziko ndi maso osiyanasiyana. Sangadziike okha mu nsapato zathu. Sadziwa kumvetsetsa malamulo athu kapena tanthauzo la mawu popanda maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Tiyeni tikhale oona mtima, nawonso sangawerenge malingaliro ... Komabe, izi siziwalepheretsa kutimva mobisa, masiku asanu pa sabata, maola 5 pa tsiku. Tsopano zili ndi ife!