Mtundu wa mkaka wakuda ndi woyera wa ng'ombe: ubwino, zovuta ndi zokolola

M'mafamu aku Russia, pakati pa ng'ombe zamtundu wa ng'ombe, mitundu ya mkaka yomwe imapereka zokolola zazikulu za mkaka sizofala kwambiri. Posachedwapa, mtundu umodzi wochititsa chidwi, wakuda wakuda wawonekera, womwe pakali pano umatenga malo achitatu pogawa pambuyo pa ng'ombe zofiira ndi Simmental. Mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera imabzalidwa ku Russia konse.

Chiyambi cha mtundu wa ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera

Makolo a ng'ombe zoterezi ndi oimira mitundu ya Dutch ndi East Frisian. Chilichonse chidathandizira kuti m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX mtundu watsopano udawonekera ku Netherlands: nyengo yofatsa, zakudya zabwino kwambiri, komanso chidwi cha opanga kuweta ng'ombe zamkaka.

Poyamba, nyama zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutengeka kwakukulu kwa matenda osiyanasiyana, chitetezo chofooka, thupi lofooka, ngakhale kuti anapereka mkaka wambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha thandizo la obereketsa, pofika zaka za m'ma XNUMX adakhala amphamvu, ndipo makhalidwe abwino a nyama yawo adakulanso.

Oimira oyambirira a ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera anawonekera m'dziko la Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1917 m'minda ina ya eni nyumba. Komabe, pambuyo pa XNUMX Asayansi aku Soviet anaona kuti ng’ombe zoterozo zinali ndi mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe zinayamba kupambana mofulumira kwambiri malo m'minda ya anthu wamba.

Mu 1959, pa pempho la obereketsa a Soviet, ng'ombe zamawanga zakuda zinasankhidwa kukhala mtundu wosiyana.

Mawonekedwe a ng'ombe yakuda ndi yoyera

Dzina la mtunduwo linachokera ku mtundu wa ng'ombe: khungu lakuda la nyamayo limakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera opangidwa mwachisawawa amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe amphamvu a oimira mkaka wa thupi la oblong, mtundu uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe ena:

• mutu wautali wokhala ndi mlomo wautali, nyanga zotuwa zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kumapeto;
• utali wapakatikati, khosi lopanda minofu zonse m'mikwingwirima;
• chifuwa si chachikulu kwambiri;
• kumbuyo kuli kofanana, ndi chiuno chowongoka ndi sacrum yaikulu;
• miyendo ndi yofanana, yamphamvu, yokhazikika;
• Mimba yochuluka, mabele ooneka ngati chikho, ma lobes otukuka mosagwirizana, nsonga zam'mbuyo zili pafupi kwambiri.

Kutalika pakufota kwa ng'ombe yamkaka ndi 130-132 cm.

Kutengera madera okhala, mtundu uwu uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• ng'ombe zochokera m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri. Ng'ombe yachikulire imalemera makilogalamu 550-650, ndipo ng'ombe imalemera makilogalamu 900-1000, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa. Motero, kuwonjezera pa mkaka, nyama zimenezi zimaperekanso nyama yambiri.
• Zinyama za Ural kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe opepuka komanso ogwirizana.
• ng'ombe zochokera ku Siberia ndi zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa nyama zochokera kumadera apakati ndipo sizowonjezereka monga anthu ochokera ku Urals. Kulemera kwapakati kwa woimira wamkulu ndi 500-560 kg.

Makhalidwe opangira

Ana a ng'ombe akuda ndi oyera amalemera 37 kg (ng'ombe) ndi 42 kg (ana) pobadwa. Iwo amakonda kudya, kotero tsiku lililonse amalemera 600-800 g aliyense. Ndi zakudya zambiri, ana a ng'ombe amatha kuwonjezera kilogalamu patsiku. Pa miyezi 15, kulemera kwa makanda kale kuposa 420 kg. Ana akuluakulu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 480. Ana a ng'ombe amphongo amatha kudya kwambiri kotero kuti amapeza anzawo amtundu wa nyama molemera.

Mosasamala za malo okhala, ng'ombe zimalemera makilogalamu 900, ndipo nthawi zina zimadutsa tani. Ng'ombe yamkaka yachikulire imakhalanso yolemera kwambiri ndipo kulemera kwake kumayambira 500-650 kg.

Ndibwino kuti zotsatirazi zimatheka popanda kukwera mtengo kwa kugula zinthu zapadera. Chilimwe nyama zimadya msipu wobiriwira, m'nyengo yozizira amadya udzu ndi zina zowonjezera.

Mtundu uwu ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa chakuti ng'ombe zimapatsa mkaka wochuluka kwambiri. Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko zimasiyana mu zizindikiro zosiyana za mkaka wochuluka. Izi zimakhudzidwa osati ndi nyengo ya dera lomwe mukukhala, komanso ndi zikhalidwe za kusunga ndi kudyetsa.

Nyama zamkaka zam'mafamu otsogola m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia zimatulutsa mkaka wokwana makilogalamu 8000 pachaka, okhala ndi mafuta pafupifupi 3,7% ndi mapuloteni 3,0 mpaka 3,2%. Ng'ombe zamkaka zochokera kudera la Siberia zilinso ndi ziwerengero zabwino: minda yapamwamba imalandira mkaka wokwana makilogalamu 8000 pachaka, komabe, mafuta ake amafika 3,9%, mapuloteni - 3%. Pankhani ya zokolola za mkaka, nyama za Ural ndi zochepa kwa ng'ombe zochokera kumadera a Siberia ndi pakati, kupereka 2 kg ya mkaka pachaka ndi mafuta okwana 5500% ndi mapuloteni 4%. Nthawi yabwinobwino, ng'ombe zimatha kupereka mkaka wokwana 3,47-3000 kg.

Zinthu izi zimagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, The mafuta zili mkaka mwachindunji zimadalira buku la mkaka zokolola., ndipo izo, nazonso, zimadalira kulemera kwa moyo, zomwe zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera

Ng'ombe zamtundu uwu, monga oimira abwino kwambiri a mkaka, kubweretsa phindu kwa alimi kuchokera ku malonda a mkaka. Komanso, alimi ambiri amadalira luso lawo lodabwitsa kuti athe kulemera msanga.

Komanso, mtundu uwu uli ndi ubwino wina:

• thanzi labwino;
• kutha kuzolowerana mwachangu m'malo atsopano;
• kukhazikika kwapakatikati ndi kuthekera kopanga misa ya minofu podya chakudya chokhala ndi zowonjezera pang'ono;
• mkaka wamafuta ndi nyama yowonda.

Pali ng'ombe zotere ndi zovuta zake. Iwo, ndithudi, ndi opanda pake, koma alimi akumenyana nawo. Zili motere:

• kuthetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yamtundu;
• kulengedwa kwa nyama zazitali ndi zazikulu;
• kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mkaka;
• kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ochuluka a mkaka ndi mapuloteni omwe ali mmenemo.

Komanso, ng'ombe mwachangu kulabadira maganizo abwino kwa iye. Chisamaliro chapamwamba chimamuthandiza kuti asanduke ng'ombe yopereka mkaka wambiri. Ngati malingaliro ake kwa iye ndi osasamala, ndiye kuti zokolola zambiri za mkaka siziyenera kuyembekezera.

Kutsiliza

Alimi apakhomo amakonda kwambiri ng'ombe za black-motley, choncho mutha kuzigula kudera lililonse dziko lathu. Mwini ng'ombe yotere sayenera kuiwala kuti uwu ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri womwe umafunikira chipinda chachikulu, komanso udzu ndi udzu wambiri. Khama, ndalama ndi nthawi zomwe zimayikidwamo ziyenera kulipira ndikusintha kukhala phindu labwino.