Cat inbreeding: ubwino ndi zovulaza

Zoyipa, mukuti. Izi ndi zachiwerewere komanso zosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Koma kwenikweni, zonse sizili choncho. Kuphatikiza pa mavuto omwe angakhalepo okhudzana ndi kugonana kwachibale ndi kuswana, anthu amakakamizidwanso ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, pamene zinyama zilibe nazo.

Sizinganenedwe kuti inbreeding ndi yotchuka komanso yofala pakati pa obereketsa, koma, kawirikawiri, sizingatsutsidwe kuti zinali chifukwa chake kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamakono ya amphaka ndi agalu inaŵetedwa.

Ndiye inbreeding ndi chiyani?

Kuswana - kuswana pofuna kulimbikitsa makhalidwe ena ofunikira mwa ana: mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa malaya, mtundu kapena mawonekedwe a makutu.

Kuswana ikuchitika ndi njira zitatu. Choyamba - kuswana, ndiko kuti, kuwoloka kwa anthu osagwirizana ndi chibadwa. Chachiwiri ndi kubereketsa, ndiko kuti, kuwoloka kwa achibale omwe si oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi kholo limodzi okha mu mbadwo wachitatu kapena wachinayi. Ndipo chachitatu - kungoti inbreeding, zomwe ndi zomwe tikukamba.

Palibe chachiwerewere pamawoloka oterowo m'dziko lanyama. Amphaka samamangidwa ndi zoletsa zamagulu, koma amatsogoleredwa ndi chibadwa. Choncho, inbreeding imakulolani kuti mukonze mwa ana makhalidwe ena omwe ali ndi makolo - wina anganene, mphatso za makolo.

Ngati mwasayansi, ndiye kuti zonse zimafotokozedwa mophweka. Chamoyo chilichonse chili ndi magulu awiri a majini - kuchokera kwa abambo ndi amayi. Ndi kuphatikizika kogwirizana, magulu a ma chromosome omwe ana amapeza amagwirizana kwambiri, m'pamenenso banja limakhala logwirizana kwambiri panthawi ya kukweretsa. Mwanjira imeneyi, mikhalidwe ina imatha kukhazikika mumtundu. Komanso, kubereketsa kumabweretsa kuwoneka mwa ana a anthu ofanana (osakhala mapasa), zomwe zimalola kuti genotype yotengedwa ipitirire ndi zotsatira zomveka bwino.

Nanga kuopsa kwake ndi chiyani?

Ngati mfundo zamakhalidwe amphaka sizochititsa manyazi, ndiye chifukwa chiyani obereketsa amayesa kutembenukira ku inbreeding, tinene, mu "zambiri"? Zonse ndi zophweka. Majini omwewo amachititsa kuti munthu apeze makhalidwe omwe amafunidwa, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kagulu kakang'ono kameneka ka chromosomes kumapangitsa kuti nthawi zina awoneke ngati ana opanda chilema kapena osabereka.

Kuswana sichirikizidwa mwachibadwa mwachilengedwe. Choyamba, pamene chamoyo chimanyamula ma jini osiyanasiyana, m'pamenenso chimatha kuzolowera kusintha kulikonse. Kufanana kwa ma genotype kumapangitsa kuti munthu asazolowere zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowopseza (mwachitsanzo, matenda obadwa nawo). Ndipo izi ndi zosiyana ndi malamulo a chilengedwe, ndiko kuti, mosiyana ndi chilengedwe. Kachiwiri (ndipo iyi ndiye ngozi yayikulu yobereketsa), chamoyo chilichonse chimakhala ndi majini abwino komanso oyipa. Kulimbitsa akale chifukwa inbreeding, otsirizira ndi basi kumatheka, zomwe zimabweretsa chibadwa masinthidwe ndi matenda, maonekedwe sanali yotheka ana, ndipo ngakhale kubadwa wakufa. Izi ndizo, mwachidule, mwa kudutsa achibale, ndizotheka kukonza mumtundu wa makhalidwe onse ofunikira, komanso matenda obadwa nawo ndi mavuto ena. Izi zimatchedwa inbreeding depression.

Chifukwa chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito inbreeding?

Paziwopsezo zake zonse, kubereketsa kwakanthawi kochepa kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi ana omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yokhazikika. Njira yofulumira kwambiri ndiyo kuwoloka m’bale ndi mlongo (abale), bambo ali ndi mwana wamkazi, kapena mayi ali ndi mwana wamwamuna. 16-khola inbreeding pafupi kumakupatsani mwayi kukwaniritsa 98% ya majini omwewo mwa ana. Ndiko kuti, kupeza pafupifupi anthu ofanana, osati kukhala mapasa.

Oweta, ataganiza zotsata njira yobereketsa, safuna kupeza mwayi wa ana onse. Ana amphaka omwe sali oyenera pazifukwa zilizonse amachotsedwa (nthawi zina mpaka 80%), ndipo zabwino zokhazokha zimatsalira. Komanso, woweta wodziwa bwino amapita kukagona ndi anyama pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira osati chofunikira, komanso za majini owopsa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, kubereketsa kudzakuthandizani kupeza, kumbali imodzi, majini oyenera, ndipo kumbali inayo, kuti muthetseretu zoopsa.

Koma tisaiwale kuti amphaka ndi atengeke kwambiri inbreeding. Izi zikutanthauza kuti osati zabwino zokha zomwe zili ndi majini akuluakulu, komanso zolakwika zazikulu chifukwa cha zolemetsa zimatha kufalikira mwachangu mumtundu wonse. Ndipo izi, pakapita mibadwo ingapo, zimatha kuyambitsa kuswana kwa mzere wonse woswana. Ndi chiwopsezo ichi chomwe chimakhala chachikulu pamene obereketsa amagwiritsa ntchito inbreeding.

Chithunzi: Kusonkhanitsa

April 19 2019

Kusinthidwa: 14 May 2022

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