Mphuno yagalu: pali chilichonse chofanizira nayo?

Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lusoli la agalu pazolinga zawo:

• Agalu amathandizira pakufufuza zowotcha. Mphuno yawo imatha kununkhiza petulo pafupifupi XNUMX biliyoni ya supuni ya tiyi ya petulo - palibe fanizo lofananira ndi njira iyi yodziwira zinthu zamoto.
• Agalu amathandiza apolisi ndi asilikali kupeza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mabomba ndi mabomba ena.
• Amathandizira kupeza anthu ndi fungo panthawi yakusaka ndi kupulumutsa.
• Posachedwapa zadziwika kuti agalu akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira mitundu ina ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mawere ndi prostate, khansa ya melanoma ndi m'mapapo, komanso kudziwa malungo ndi Parkinson's disease. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Medical Detection Dogs, agalu amatha kuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira fungo la matenda, lofanana ndi supuni ya tiyi ya shuga wothiridwa ndi madzi m'madziwe awiri osambira a Olympic.

Koma vuto ndi loti palibe agalu ambiri omwe amaphunzitsidwa zonsezi. Ndipo maphunziro awo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero pali kuchepa kwa "mphuno za galu". Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti asayansi akufuna kubereka mphamvu zodabwitsa za canine pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakina, zamakono kapena zopangidwa.

Kodi sayansi ingapange analogue ya mphuno ya galu?

Ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo, Andreas Mershin, pamodzi ndi mlangizi wake Shuguang Zhang, adachita maphunziro angapo kuti aphunzire momwe mphuno ya galu imagwirira ntchito, ndikupanga robot yomwe ingathe kuberekanso njirayi. Chifukwa cha mayesero osiyanasiyana, adakwanitsa kupanga "Nano-nose" - mwinamwake iyi ndiyo kuyesa koyamba kopambana kuti apange kununkhira kochita kupanga. Koma pakali pano, Nano-Mphuno iyi ndi chowunikira chabe, monga chowunikira cha carbon monoxide, mwachitsanzo - sichingathe kutanthauzira deta yomwe imalandira.

Startup Aromyx ikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito fungo lochita kupanga pazamalonda. Kampaniyo ikufuna kuyika ma 400 onse olandirira anthu pa chip, mosiyana ndi Nano-Nose, yomwe imangogwiritsa ntchito zolandilira za 20, kutengera zomwe akufuna.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mapulojekiti onsewa ndi kupanga chinachake chomwe chidzamva kununkhiza mofanana ndi mphuno ya galu. Ndipo mwina si patali.

Koma kodi agalu ali ndi mphuno zabwino kwambiri?

M'malo mwake, pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso zili patsogolo pa agalu.

Amakhulupirira kuti kwambiri pachimake kununkhiza njovu: anapeza chiwerengero chachikulu cha majini kudziwa fungo. Njovu zimathanso kusiyanitsa mitundu ya anthu ku Kenya, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2007: fuko limodzi (Amasai) limasaka ndi kupha njovu, pamene fuko lina (Kamba) silitero.

Zimbalangondo zimaposanso agalu. Ngakhale kuti ubongo wawo ndi wocheperapo magawo awiri mwa atatu kuposa munthu, kununkhira kwawo kumakhala bwinoko ka 2. Mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo cha polar chimatha kununkhiza chachikazi chomwe chili pamtunda wa makilomita zana.

Makoswe ndi mbewa amadziwikanso ndi kanunkhiridwe kawo. Ndipo shaki yoyera yaikulu imatha kumva ngakhale dontho limodzi la magazi pa mtunda woposa kilomita imodzi.

Koma n’zodziwikiratu kuti nyama zonsezi, mosiyana ndi agalu, sizingathandize munthu, n’chifukwa chake ndi fungo la galu limene anthu amawakonda kwambiri.

7 September 2020

Zasinthidwa: September 7, 2020