nkhumba zoweta
Malinga ndi asayansi, nkhumba za Guinea ngati zamoyo zidawoneka zaka 35-40 miliyoni zapitazo. Mu 9-3 millennium BC. Amwenye a ku Central ndi South America anayamba kuweta nkhumba zakuthengo. Ainka ankapereka nsembe za nkhumba kwa mulungu dzuwa. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa kukhala chiweto chokondedwa kwa ambiri, nkhumba za Guinea ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa sayansi, zimabzalidwa m'mabungwe ofufuza ndipo kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kumachitika pa iwo.
Nkhumba za ku Guinea ndi zoweta zomwe ndizosadzichepetsa kwathunthu pankhani ya chisamaliro ndi kusamalira, zimakonda kwambiri anthu, zimamangiriridwa ndi eni ake ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa.
Nkhumba ndiyosavuta kusunga kuposa galu kapena mphaka, ndipo nyamayi imabweretsa chisangalalo chocheperako. Galu ayenera kutengedwa nthawi zonse poyenda nyengo iliyonse; poyenda, makamaka mvula, imadetsedwa ndipo iyenera kutsukidwa posamba. Zowona, mphaka safuna kuyenda, ali ndi malo okwanira, koma amakonda kunola zikhadabo zake pamipando yokwezeka ndipo pakapita nthawi amamupangitsa kuti aziwoneka wosawoneka bwino.
Nkhuku ndi nkhani ina. Pamafunika chidwi pang'ono ndi pang'ono danga kwa khola, ndi wodzichepetsa, inu nthawi zonse kugula chakudya kwa izo, chisamaliro sizovuta ndipo amatenga nthawi pang'ono tsiku lililonse. Nyamazi ndi zodekha kuposa agalu ngakhale amphaka ndipo zili ndi makhalidwe ambiri abwino omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pakhomo. Kudzisamalira kumatha kudaliridwa kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 8-9, popeza nkhumba, monga lamulo, zimakhala zamtundu wabwino, zoweta.
Mosiyana ndi dzina lawo, mbira nthawi zambiri zimawopa madzi ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhumba wamba ndi ana a nkhumba (ngakhale kuti ndi zomwe amazitcha zazing'ono, zobadwa kumene - ana a nkhumba). M'malo mwake, nkhumba ndi makoswe a m'gulu la nkhumba (Caviidae), zomwe zimaphatikiza nyama zamitundu iwiri: zina zimawoneka ngati nkhumba, pomwe zina (mara) ndi zazitali miyendo. Pali mitundu 23 yodziwika, yonse yomwe imapezeka ku South America.
Malinga ndi asayansi, nkhumba za Guinea ngati zamoyo zidawoneka zaka 35-40 miliyoni zapitazo. Mu 9-3 millennium BC. Amwenye a ku Central ndi South America anayamba kuweta nkhumba zakuthengo. Ainka ankapereka nsembe za nkhumba kwa mulungu dzuwa. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa kukhala chiweto chokondedwa kwa ambiri, nkhumba za Guinea ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa sayansi, zimabzalidwa m'mabungwe ofufuza ndipo kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kumachitika pa iwo.
Nkhumba za ku Guinea ndi zoweta zomwe ndizosadzichepetsa kwathunthu pankhani ya chisamaliro ndi kusamalira, zimakonda kwambiri anthu, zimamangiriridwa ndi eni ake ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa.
Nkhumba ndiyosavuta kusunga kuposa galu kapena mphaka, ndipo nyamayi imabweretsa chisangalalo chocheperako. Galu ayenera kutengedwa nthawi zonse poyenda nyengo iliyonse; poyenda, makamaka mvula, imadetsedwa ndipo iyenera kutsukidwa posamba. Zowona, mphaka safuna kuyenda, ali ndi malo okwanira, koma amakonda kunola zikhadabo zake pamipando yokwezeka ndipo pakapita nthawi amamupangitsa kuti aziwoneka wosawoneka bwino.
Nkhuku ndi nkhani ina. Pamafunika chidwi pang'ono ndi pang'ono danga kwa khola, ndi wodzichepetsa, inu nthawi zonse kugula chakudya kwa izo, chisamaliro sizovuta ndipo amatenga nthawi pang'ono tsiku lililonse. Nyamazi ndi zodekha kuposa agalu ngakhale amphaka ndipo zili ndi makhalidwe ambiri abwino omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pakhomo. Kudzisamalira kumatha kudaliridwa kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 8-9, popeza nkhumba, monga lamulo, zimakhala zamtundu wabwino, zoweta.
Mosiyana ndi dzina lawo, mbira nthawi zambiri zimawopa madzi ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhumba wamba ndi ana a nkhumba (ngakhale kuti ndi zomwe amazitcha zazing'ono, zobadwa kumene - ana a nkhumba). M'malo mwake, nkhumba ndi makoswe a m'gulu la nkhumba (Caviidae), zomwe zimaphatikiza nyama zamitundu iwiri: zina zimawoneka ngati nkhumba, pomwe zina (mara) ndi zazitali miyendo. Pali mitundu 23 yodziwika, yonse yomwe imapezeka ku South America.
Kudziko la nkhumba za Guinea, zimatchedwa aperea, aporea, kui. Kwa nthawi yoyamba adawetedwa ndi Amwenye a fuko la Inca, omwe sanangowaweta ngati ziweto zokongola, komanso kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi nsembe. Amwenyewo ankakhulupirira kuti njuchi ndi imene imakoka matendawa. Mpaka lero, nkhumba zazikulu (zolemera mpaka 2500 g) zimaΕ΅etedwa ngati nyama ku Peru, Bolivia, Colombia ndi Ecuador. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa nkhumba yathu, Cavia cutleri, amachokera ku zigwa zouma za Andes. Nyamazi zimakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-15 m'mabwinja, ndi nyama zokondana kwambiri, kusungulumwa kumawononga kwa iwo, ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amaumirira kuti azisunga pamodzi nkhumba zapakhomo (osachepera awiri amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), komanso maiko ena a ku Ulaya kusunga nkhumba sikuloledwa.
M'chilengedwe, cavia imaswana chaka chonse. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 65. Yaikazi imabweretsa ana 1 mpaka 4, omwe amawadyetsa ndi mkaka kwa masabata atatu. Nyama zimafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana zikafika miyezi iwiri. Mu nkhumba zoweta ndi kuberekana, zinthu zimakhala zofanana.
M'Chingerezi, dzina la nkhumba zimamveka ngati "guinea pig" kapena "cavy". "Guinea nkhumba" - chifukwa kale zombo zomwe zinkanyamula nkhumba zochokera ku Latin America zinadutsa nyanja ya Atlantic panjira ndikulowa ku Guinea, yomwe ili ku Africa. Zikuoneka kuti zombo za ku Guinea zinabweretsa nkhumba ku Ulaya.
Popeza nkhumba zili m'gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nyama zoyamwitsa - dongosolo la makoswe - zili ndi dongosolo lapadera la mano. Nsagwada zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimakhala ndi incisors imodzi, zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zopanda mizu ndipo zimakula m'moyo wonse wa nyama. Mapeto awo aulere amakhala ngati chisel, khoma lakutsogolo limakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa enamel yolimba kwambiri, ndipo mbali ndi kumbuyo zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda, kapena wopanda enamel, chifukwa chake incisors akupera mosagwirizana ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala akuthwa. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhumba za nkhumba zimafunika kuluma chinachake nthawi zonse, choncho, kuwonjezera pa chakudya, nthambi za mitengo ya zipatso zimayikidwa mu khola lawo.
Chifukwa chake, nkhumba zamphongo ndi zokongola komanso zosavuta kusunga nyama, ndipo ngakhale ana amatha kugula chiweto chotere. Malinga ndi zomwe taziwona komanso ndemanga za obereketsa, mutha kugulira mwana wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za nkhumba. Dyetsani nkhumba katatu patsiku ndikutsanulira madzi abwino kwa wakumwa, ndipo kamodzi pa masiku 5-7, yeretsani khola (ngakhale ndi thandizo laling'ono la akuluakulu), ana a msinkhu uwu adzatha kudzipangira okha. Koma kukhalapo kwa ziweto zanu, zomwe mumadzisamalira nokha, kumapangitsa kukhala ndi udindo komanso udindo ndipo kumapangitsa kudziyimira pawokha kwa ana.
Kudziko la nkhumba za Guinea, zimatchedwa aperea, aporea, kui. Kwa nthawi yoyamba adawetedwa ndi Amwenye a fuko la Inca, omwe sanangowaweta ngati ziweto zokongola, komanso kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi nsembe. Amwenyewo ankakhulupirira kuti njuchi ndi imene imakoka matendawa. Mpaka lero, nkhumba zazikulu (zolemera mpaka 2500 g) zimaΕ΅etedwa ngati nyama ku Peru, Bolivia, Colombia ndi Ecuador. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa nkhumba yathu, Cavia cutleri, amachokera ku zigwa zouma za Andes. Nyamazi zimakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-15 m'mabwinja, ndi nyama zokondana kwambiri, kusungulumwa kumawononga kwa iwo, ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amaumirira kuti azisunga pamodzi nkhumba zapakhomo (osachepera awiri amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), komanso maiko ena a ku Ulaya kusunga nkhumba sikuloledwa.
M'chilengedwe, cavia imaswana chaka chonse. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 65. Yaikazi imabweretsa ana 1 mpaka 4, omwe amawadyetsa ndi mkaka kwa masabata atatu. Nyama zimafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana zikafika miyezi iwiri. Mu nkhumba zoweta ndi kuberekana, zinthu zimakhala zofanana.
M'Chingerezi, dzina la nkhumba zimamveka ngati "guinea pig" kapena "cavy". "Guinea nkhumba" - chifukwa kale zombo zomwe zinkanyamula nkhumba zochokera ku Latin America zinadutsa nyanja ya Atlantic panjira ndikulowa ku Guinea, yomwe ili ku Africa. Zikuoneka kuti zombo za ku Guinea zinabweretsa nkhumba ku Ulaya.
Popeza nkhumba zili m'gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nyama zoyamwitsa - dongosolo la makoswe - zili ndi dongosolo lapadera la mano. Nsagwada zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimakhala ndi incisors imodzi, zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zopanda mizu ndipo zimakula m'moyo wonse wa nyama. Mapeto awo aulere amakhala ngati chisel, khoma lakutsogolo limakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa enamel yolimba kwambiri, ndipo mbali ndi kumbuyo zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda, kapena wopanda enamel, chifukwa chake incisors akupera mosagwirizana ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala akuthwa. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhumba za nkhumba zimafunika kuluma chinachake nthawi zonse, choncho, kuwonjezera pa chakudya, nthambi za mitengo ya zipatso zimayikidwa mu khola lawo.
Chifukwa chake, nkhumba zamphongo ndi zokongola komanso zosavuta kusunga nyama, ndipo ngakhale ana amatha kugula chiweto chotere. Malinga ndi zomwe taziwona komanso ndemanga za obereketsa, mutha kugulira mwana wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za nkhumba. Dyetsani nkhumba katatu patsiku ndikutsanulira madzi abwino kwa wakumwa, ndipo kamodzi pa masiku 5-7, yeretsani khola (ngakhale ndi thandizo laling'ono la akuluakulu), ana a msinkhu uwu adzatha kudzipangira okha. Koma kukhalapo kwa ziweto zanu, zomwe mumadzisamalira nokha, kumapangitsa kukhala ndi udindo komanso udindo ndipo kumapangitsa kudziyimira pawokha kwa ana.
Ndikoyenera kupeza nguluwe
N'chifukwa chiyani ng'ombe ndi zokongola kwambiri? M'malingaliro athu, iyi ndi imodzi mwa ziweto zabwino kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana - sakhala ankhanza ndipo samaluma konse. Ndi zabwino zina ziti zomwe nkhumba za nkhumba zimakhala nazo? Ndipo kuipa kwake ndi kotani?
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