Kuweta agalu: munthu akaweta galu

Pazithunzi za miyala ku Saudi Arabia, za 9th millennium BC. e., mutha kuwona kale zithunzi za munthu ali ndi galu. Kodi izi ndi zojambula zoyamba ndipo ndi malingaliro otani okhudza komwe ziweto zinachokera?

Mofanana ndi mbiri yoweta amphaka, palibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi nthawi yomwe agalu ankawetedwa komanso momwe zinachitikira. Monga momwe palibe deta yodalirika pa makolo a agalu amakono. 

Malo obadwira agalu oyambirira apakhomo

Akatswiri sangathe kudziwa malo enieni a galu woweta, chifukwa zimachitika paliponse. Zotsalira za agalu pafupi ndi malo a anthu zimapezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi. 

Mwachitsanzo, mu 1975, katswiri wofufuza zinthu zakale zakale ND Ovodov anapeza mabwinja a galu woweta ku Siberia pafupi ndi mapiri a Altai. Zaka za zotsalirazi zikuyerekeza zaka 33-34 zikwi. Ku Czech Republic, mabwinja adapezeka omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 24.

Chiyambi cha galu wamakono

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amatanthauzira ziphunzitso ziwiri za chiyambi cha ziweto - monophyletic ndi polyphyletic. Ochirikiza chiphunzitso cha monophyletic ali otsimikiza kuti galuyo anachokera ku nkhandwe zakutchire. Mtsutso waukulu wa ochirikiza chiphunzitsochi ndi chakuti mapangidwe a chigaza ndi maonekedwe a agalu a mitundu yambiri ali ndi zofanana zambiri ndi mimbulu.

Nthanthi ya polyphyletic imanena kuti agalu adawoneka chifukwa chodutsa mimbulu ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe kapena nkhandwe. Akatswiri ena akutsamira ku chiyambi cha mitundu ina ya nkhandwe. 

Palinso mtundu wapakati: wasayansi waku Austria Konrad Lorenz adasindikiza chithunzi chonena kuti agalu adachokera ku mimbulu ndi mimbulu. Malinga ndi katswiri wa zinyama, mitundu yonse imatha kugawidwa kukhala "nkhandwe" ndi "nkhandwe".

Charles Darwin ankakhulupirira kuti mimbulu inakhala makolo a agalu. M’buku lake lakuti “The Origin of Species”, iye analemba kuti: “Kusankhidwa kwa [agalu] kunkachitidwa motsatira mfundo yochita kupanga, chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kusankha chinali anthu amene amaba ana a nkhandwe m’phanga kenako n’kuwaweta.

Kuweta kwa makolo akutchire a agalu sikunakhudze makhalidwe awo okha, komanso maonekedwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu nthawi zambiri ankafuna kusunga malo a nyama makutu atapachikidwa, monga ana agalu, choncho anasankha kwambiri makanda anthu.

Kukhala pafupi ndi munthu kunakhudzanso mtundu wa maso a agalu. Zilombo zolusa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maso owala pamene zimasaka usiku. Nyama, pokhala pafupi ndi munthu, nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi moyo masana, zomwe zinachititsa mdima wa iris. Asayansi ena amafotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agalu amakono mwa kuwoloka ndi kusankha kwina kochitidwa ndi anthu. 

Mbiri yakuweta agalu

Pankhani ya momwe galuyo adawetedwera, akatswiri alinso ndi malingaliro awiri. Malinga ndi mawu oyamba, munthu anangoweta nkhandwe, ndipo malinga ndi kunena kwachiwiri, anaiŵeta. 

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi ina munthu anatenga ana a nkhandwe kunyumba kwake, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku nkhandwe yakufa, kuwaweta ndi kuwaukitsa. Koma akatswiri amakono amakonda kwambiri chiphunzitso chachiwiri - chiphunzitso cha kudzikonda. Malinga ndi iye, nyama paokha anayamba kukhomerera ku malo a anthu akale. Mwachitsanzo, awa akhoza kukhala anthu okanidwa ndi paketi. Sanafunikire kuukira munthu kokha, komanso kupeza chidaliro kuti akhale naye limodzi. 

Motero, malinga ndi ziphunzitso zamakono, galuyo anadziweta. Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti ndi galu yemwe ali bwenzi lenileni la munthu.

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