Kuweta agalu

Njira yayitali yoweta agalu anakhalabe chinsinsi. Palibe amene anganene momwe adakhalira mabwenzi athu apamtima - omwe amamvetsetsa osati kuchokera ku mawu a theka, komanso kuchokera ku theka-kuyang'ana. Komabe, tsopano tikhoza kuchotsa chophimba pa chinsinsi ichi. Ndipo adathandizira kuwulula chinsinsi ichi ... ankhandwe! 

Pa chithunzi: nkhandwe zomwe zinathandiza kuthetsa chinsinsi cha kulera agalu

Kuyesera kwa Dmitry Belyaev ndi nkhandwe: kodi chinsinsi cha kulera agalu chikuwululidwa?

Kwa zaka makumi angapo, Dmitry Belyaev adayesa mwapadera pa famu imodzi yaubweya ku Siberia, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti amvetsetse zomwe agalu ali nazo. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuyesera Belyaev ndi ntchito yaikulu pa chibadwa cha m'ma 20. Kuyesera kukupitirizabe mpaka lero, ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya Dmitry Belyaev, kwa zaka zoposa 55.

Chofunika cha kuyesera ndi chophweka kwambiri. Pa famu yaubweya pomwe nkhandwe zofiira wamba zidawetedwa, Belyaev anali ndi nyama ziwiri. Nkhandwe zochokera ku gulu loyamba zinasankhidwa mwachisawawa, mosasamala kanthu za makhalidwe. Ndipo nkhandwe za gulu lachiwiri, zoyesera, zidapambana mayeso osavuta ali ndi miyezi 2. Munthuyo anayandikira khola, ndipo anayesa kucheza ndi nkhandwe ndikuigwira. Nkhandwe ikasonyeza mantha kapena chiwawa, siinachite nawo ntchito yoweta. Koma ngati nkhandweyo inachita zinthu mwachidwi ndi mwaubwenzi kwa munthu, imapatsira chibadwa chake ku mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Chotsatira cha kuyesera chinali chodabwitsa. Pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo, nkhandwe zinapangidwa, zomwe zinawonetsa bwino momwe kuweta kumakhudzira nyama.

Pachithunzichi: nkhandwe kuchokera ku gulu loyesera la Dmitry Belyaev

Ndizodabwitsa kuti, ngakhale kuti kusankha kunkachitika kokha ndi khalidwe (kusowa kwaukali, ubwenzi ndi chidwi ndi anthu), nkhandwe pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo zinayamba kusiyana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe zofiira wamba. Iwo anayamba kukhala ndi makutu a floppy, michira inayamba kupindika, ndipo phale lamtundu linali losiyana kwambiri - monga momwe tingawonere agalu. Panali ngakhale nkhandwe za piebald. Maonekedwe a chigaza chasintha, ndipo miyendo yakhala yopyapyala komanso yayitali.

Tingaonenso kusintha kotereku m’ziŵeto zambiri zimene zaŵetedwa. Koma kuyesera kwa Belyaev kunalibe umboni wakuti kusintha kotereku kungayambitsidwe ndi kusankha kwa makhalidwe ena.

Zingaganizidwe kuti makutu olendewera ndi michira ya mphete ndizotsatira za moyo pa famu ya ubweya, osati kusankha koyesera. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti nkhandwe za gulu lolamulira, zomwe sizinasankhidwe chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo, sizinasinthe maonekedwe ake ndipo zinakhalabe nkhandwe zofiira.

Nkhandwe za gulu loyesera zinasintha osati maonekedwe okha, komanso khalidwe, komanso kwambiri. Anayamba kugwedeza michira yawo, makungwa ndi kulira mokulira kuposa nkhandwe za gulu lolamulira. Nkhandwe zoyesera zinayamba kuyesetsa kulankhulana ndi anthu.

Kusintha kunachitikanso pamlingo wa mahomoni. M'magulu oyesera a nkhandwe, mlingo wa serotonin unali wapamwamba kuposa gulu lolamulira, lomwe linachepetsanso chiopsezo cha nkhanza. Ndipo mulingo wa cortisol mu nyama zoyesera unali, m'malo mwake, wotsika kuposa gulu lowongolera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kupsinjika ndikufooketsa kuyankha kwankhondo-kapena-kuthawa.

Zodabwitsa, simukuganiza?

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena ndendende kuti kulera ndi chiyani. Kunyumba ndi kusankha komwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza, kuwonjezera chidwi mwa munthu komanso chikhumbo chofuna kucheza naye. Ndipo china chirichonse ndi mtundu wa zotsatira zake.

Kuweta agalu: mwayi watsopano wolankhulana

Wasayansi wa ku America, katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso wofufuza agalu Brian Hare anachita kuyesera kochititsa chidwi ndi nkhandwe, zomwe zinapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa Dmitry Belyaev.  

Wasayansiyo adadabwa momwe agalu adaphunzirira kulankhulana mwaluso ndi anthu, ndikulingalira kuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kulera. Ndipo ndani, ngati si nkhandwe zoweta, zingathandize kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa lingaliro ili?

Nkhandwe zoyesera zinapatsidwa masewera olankhulirana ozindikira matenda ndikuyerekeza ndi nkhandwe zochokera ku gulu lolamulira. Zinapezeka kuti nkhandwe zoweta zimawerenga bwino manja a anthu, koma nkhandwe zochokera ku gulu lolamulira sizinathe kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.  

Chodabwitsa n’chakuti asayansiwo anathera nthawi yambiri akuphunzitsa nkhandwe zing’onozing’ono m’gulu lolamulira kuti zimvetse mmene anthu amachitira, ndipo nyama zina zinapita patsogolo. Pamene nkhandwe zochokera ku gulu loyesera zinathyola puzzles ngati mtedza popanda kukonzekera kale - pafupifupi ngati ana agalu.

Chifukwa chake tinganene kuti nkhandwe ya nkhandwe, ngati imayanjana mwachangu ndikuphunzitsidwa, imaphunzira kuyanjana ndi anthu. Koma ubwino wa agalu ndi wakuti ali ndi luso limeneli chibadwire.

Kuyeseraku kunali kovuta pochotsa mphotho za chakudya ndikuyambitsa mphotho zamagulu. Masewerawa anali ophweka kwambiri. Munthuyo anakhudza chidole chimodzi mwa zidole ziŵiri zazing’ono, ndipo choseŵeretsacho chikachikhudza, chinkatulutsa mawu oti angasangalatse nkhandwezo. M'mbuyomu, ofufuzawo anali otsimikiza kuti zoseweretsazo zimakopa nyama. Zinali zosangalatsa kudziwa ngati nkhandwe zingakhudze chidole chofanana ndi munthuyo, kapena kusankha china chomwe sichinadetsedwe ndi woyeserayo. Ndipo pakuyesa kuwongolera, munthu adakhudza chidole chimodzi osati ndi dzanja, koma ndi nthenga, ndiye kuti, adapereka lingaliro "losagwirizana".

Zotsatira zake zinali zosangalatsa.

Nkhandwe za gulu loyesera zikawona kuti munthu akukhudza chidole chimodzi, nthawi zambiri amasankhanso chidolechi. Ngakhale kukhudza chidole ndi nthenga sikunakhudze zokonda zawo mwanjira iliyonse, pankhaniyi kusankha kunali kwachisawawa.

Nkhandwe zochokera ku gulu lolamulira zinachita zosiyana ndendende. Iwo sanasonyeze chidwi ndi chidole chimene munthuyo anagwira.

Kodi kuweta agalu kunachitika bwanji?

Ndipotu, tsopano chophimba chachinsinsi pa nkhaniyi chatsekedwa.

Mu chithunzi: nkhandwe kuchokera ku gulu loyesera la Dmitry Belyaev

N’zokayikitsa kuti munthu wachikale anaganizapo kuti: “Chabwino, sikuli lingaliro loipa kuphunzitsa mimbulu ingapo kusaka pamodzi.” Zikuoneka kuti nthawi ina Nkhandwe inasankha anthu ngati zibwenzi ndikuyamba kukhazikika pafupi, mwachitsanzo, kuti atenge chakudya chotsalira. Koma izi zimayenera kukhala mimbulu yosakwiya kwambiri kuposa achibale awo, opanda manyazi komanso chidwi.

Mimbulu ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimafuna kuyanjana wina ndi mnzake - ndipo mwina adazindikira kuti ndizothekanso kuyanjana ndi anthu. Sanachite mantha ndi anthu, sanawonetse nkhanza, adadziwa njira zatsopano zolankhulirana, komanso, anali ndi makhalidwe omwe munthu analibe - ndipo, mwinamwake, anthu adazindikiranso kuti izi zikhoza kukhala mgwirizano wabwino.

Pang'onopang'ono, kusankha kwachilengedwe kunagwira ntchito yake, ndipo mimbulu yatsopano inawonekera, yosiyana ndi achibale awo m'mawonekedwe, ochezeka komanso okhudzidwa ndi kuyanjana ndi anthu. Ndipo kumvetsetsa munthu osati kuchokera ku mawu a theka, koma kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a theka. Ndipotu awa anali agalu oyambirira.