Malo olemera amphaka: zomwe ziyenera kukhala m'nyumba?

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ku UK, amphaka ambiri amphaka amatha kulowa mumsewu (Rochlitz, 2005): izi zimawonedwa ngati zachilengedwe kwa amphaka. Ku US, amphaka 50-60% amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'nyumba (Patronek et al., 1997). Madokotala a zinyama aku America amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti eni ake azisunga amphaka kunyumba (Buffington, 2002), monga momwe amachitira antchito ambiri ogona. Ndipo m’madera ena a ku Australia, akatswiri asonyeza kuti akuda nkhaŵa kuti amphaka akuyenda okha ndi owononga chilengedwe, pali ngakhale lamulo loletsa, ndipo m’madera ena limaletsa kotheratu kuti amphakawo akhale omasuka.

Zowonadi, purr yaulere imabwera ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu, chifukwa chake ndikwanzeru kusunga mphaka m'nyumba kapena kuyenda nayo pamalo otetezeka, otetezedwa kapena chingwe. Kumbali imodzi, izi zikuwoneka ngati zosemphana ndi lingaliro la 5 maufulu, makamaka, zimalepheretsa kwambiri ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofananira. Koma kumbali ina, ufulu waufulu (ndi zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo) sizilipira kalikonse kubweza mikhalidwe yosauka ya m'ndende ndipo, sizikugwirizana mwanjira iliyonse ndi kumasuka ku kuvulala ndi matenda.

Zoyenera kuchita? Kodi mphaka angachite bwino ngati atakhala m'nyumba moyo wake wonse?

Mwina ngati mupanga malo olemeretsa kwa iye. Ndiye mumapanga bwanji malo osangalatsa a mphaka wamkati?

1. Asayansi omwe adaphunzirapo za amphaka amalimbikitsa kuti purr ikhale ndi mwayi wopeza zipinda ziwiri (Mertens ndi Schär, 1988; Bernstein ndi Strack, 1996).
2. Ngati pali amphaka angapo, aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala nawo osachepera 10 sq.m malo (Bernstein ndi Strack, 1996). Pankhaniyi, pali mwayi kuti amphaka aliyense azitha kupeza ngodya yoyenera yopumula kapena kusewera nthawi iliyonse, ndipo sangagwirizane. Malinga ndi kafukufuku (Barry ndi Crowell-Davis, 1999), nthawi zambiri amphaka sungani mtunda wa 1 mpaka 3 metres kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo sayenera kuchepetsa mtunda umenewu.
3. Komabe, osati gawo lokha la u1989bu1992bchipindacho ndilofunika, komanso mtundu wa kudzazidwa kwake. Amphaka ali okangalika komanso amakonda kukwera (Eisenberg, 1993), motero "mizere yapamwamba" ngati malo owoneka bwino komanso malo otetezeka (DeLuca ndi Kranda, 1995; Holmes, XNUMX; James, XNUMX). Purrs ayenera kukhala ndi zida "yachiwiri" ngakhalenso "yachitatu".. Izi zikhoza kukhala zipangizo zapadera zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo a ziweto, komanso mashelufu, mawindo awindo ndi malo ena abwino.
4. Nthawi zambiri, amphaka amagona kapena kupuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuwakonzekeretsa malo ogona abwino okhala ndi malo omasuka monga mapepala (Crouse et al., 1995) kapena nsalu zofewa (Hawthorne et al., 1995). Popeza amphaka amakonda kupuma okha m'malo mokhala ndi nyama zina (Podberscek et al., 1991), payenera kukhala malo ogona okwanira m'chipindamo (chilinganizo chokhazikika: N + 1, pomwe N ndi chiwerengero cha nyama m'nyumba. ).
5. Nthawi zina amphaka amamva kufunika kobisala, kuphatikizapo kupewa kukhudzana ndi nyama zina kapena anthu, komanso pazovuta zilizonse (Carlstead et al., 1993; James, 1995; Rochlitz et al., 1998). Malinga ndi kafukufuku (Barry ndi Crowell-Davis, 1999), amphaka amathera 48-50% ya nthawi yawo kubisala maso. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa malo ogona anthawi zonse, "malo ogona" amafunikira komwe ma purrs amatha kubisala. Schroll (2002) amakhulupirira kuti nyumba iyenera kukhala nayo osachepera awiri "malo ogona" mphaka. Izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta zambiri zamakhalidwe.
6. Nyumbayo iyenera kukhala thireyi zokwanira (chilinganizo chokhazikika: N+1, pomwe N ndi chiwerengero cha amphaka m'nyumba) omwe ali kutali ndi malo opumira ndi odyetserako. Matayala amayenera kuyikidwa pamalo opanda phokoso ndikutsukidwa kamodzi patsiku. Kumbukirani kuti amphaka osiyanasiyana ali ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana za zinyalala, ndipo zokondazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Monga ndi zomwe amakonda pakupanga "chimbudzi" (chotseguka kapena chotsekedwa).  
7. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mphaka athe kulamulira chilengedwe komanso kuti asatope (Broom and Johnson, 1993, pp. 111-144). Ngakhale kukhala m'nyumba kumatha kukhala kotopetsa ngati mwiniwake sapereka mitundu yokwanira (Wemelsfelder, 1991), amphaka sakondanso kusadziwikiratu, monga kuyambitsa nyama ndi anthu osadziwika kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku (Carlstead et al., 1993) ). Kuyankha kwa mphaka pa kuchuluka kwa kusonkhezera kapena kusintha kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo khalidwe la mphaka (Lowe ndi Bradshaw, 2001) ndi zochitika pamoyo. Ndikoyenera kupewa kuchita zinthu monyanyira, koma nthawi yomweyo perekani mphaka mwayi kulamulira mikhalidwe ya moyo ndi kupanga zosankha (mwachitsanzo, kusankha zoseweretsa zosiyanasiyana kapena zakudya).
8. Mphaka ndi mlenje wobadwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kusonyeza khalidweli. Mwachitsanzo, mu kusaka kayeseleledwe masewera (kubisalira, kutsatira ndi kulanda nyama, etc.)