Geophagus Steindachner

Geophagus Steindachner, dzina la sayansi Geophagus steindachneri, ndi wa banja la Cichlidae. Amatchedwa dzina la katswiri wa zamoyo wa ku Austria, Franz Steindachner, yemwe poyamba anafotokoza za mtundu uwu wa nsomba mwasayansi. Zomwe zili zingayambitse mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka madzi ndi maonekedwe a zakudya, choncho sizovomerezeka kwa oyambitsa aquarists.

Habitat

Amachokera ku South America kuchokera kudera lamakono la Colombia. Amakhala m'chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Magdalena ndi mtsinje waukulu wa Cauka, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma amawoneka kuti amakonda mitsinje yodutsa m'nkhalango yamvula komanso m'madzi odekha okhala ndi mchenga wamchenga.

Zambiri mwachidule:

• Kuchuluka kwa aquarium - kuchokera ku 250 malita.
• Kutentha - 20-30 ° C
• Mtengo pH - 6.0-7.5
• Kuuma kwa madzi - 2-12 dGH
• Mtundu wa substrate - mchenga
• Kuwala - kuchepetsedwa
• Madzi amchere - ayi
• Kuyenda kwamadzi ndikofooka
• Kukula kwa nsomba ndi 11-15 cm.
• Chakudya - chakudya chaching'ono chomira kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana
• Kutentha - wosachereza
• Zolemba zamtundu wa Harem - mwamuna mmodzi ndi akazi angapo

Kufotokozera

Akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 11-15 cm. Malingana ndi dera lenilenilo, mtundu wa nsomba umasiyana kuchokera kuchikasu kupita kufiira. Amuna ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa akazi ndipo ali ndi "hump" pamitu yawo zomwe zimafanana ndi zamtunduwu.

Food

Imadyetsa pansi ndi kusefa mchenga kufunafuna tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zomera ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili mmenemo (crustaceans, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, etc.). M'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, amalandila zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomira, mwachitsanzo, ma flakes owuma ndi ma granules kuphatikiza zidutswa za mphutsi zamagazi, shrimp, mollusks, komanso daphnia yozizira, artemia. Zakudya zamagulu ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono komanso kukhala ndi zosakaniza zochokera ku zomera.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira, makonzedwe a aquarium

Kukula koyenera kwa aquarium kwa nsomba 2-3 kumayambira 250 malita. Pamapangidwe, ndikwanira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lamchenga ndi nsonga zingapo. Pewani kuwonjezera timiyala ting'onoting'ono ndi timiyala totsekera m'kamwa mwa nsomba panthawi yodyetsa. Kuunikira kwachepetsedwa. Zomera zam'madzi sizofunikira, ngati mungafune, mutha kubzala mitundu ingapo yodzichepetsa komanso yokonda mthunzi. Ngati kuswana kukukonzekera, ndiye kuti miyala imodzi kapena iwiri ikuluikulu imayikidwa pansi - malo omwe angathe kubereka.

Geophagus Steindachner amafunikira madzi apamwamba kwambiri amtundu wina wa hydrochemical (okhala acidic pang'ono ndi kulimba kwa carbonate) ndi matannins ambiri. Mwachilengedwe, zinthu izi zimatulutsidwa panthawi ya kuwonongeka kwa masamba, nthambi ndi mizu ya mitengo yotentha. Ma tannins amathanso kulowa m'madzi a m'madzi kudzera m'masamba a mitengo ina, koma izi sizingakhale zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zidzatsekereza nthaka yomwe imakhala ngati "gome lodyera" la Geophagus. Njira yabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma essence omwe ali ndi chidwi chokonzekera, madontho angapo omwe angalowe m'malo mwa masamba ochuluka.

Udindo waukulu pakuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ali abwino kwambiri amaperekedwa ku dongosolo losefera. Nsomba podyetsa zimapanga mtambo woyimitsidwa, womwe ukhoza kutseka mwamsanga zinthu zosefera, kotero posankha fyuluta, kukambirana ndi katswiri kumafunika. Adzapereka chitsanzo chapadera ndi njira yokhazikitsira kuti achepetse kutsekeka komwe kungatheke.

Zofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndi njira zosamalira nthawi zonse za aquarium. Osachepera kamodzi pa sabata, muyenera m'malo gawo la madzi ndi madzi abwino ndi 40-70% ya voliyumu, ndi nthawi zonse kuchotsa zinyalala organic (zakudya zotsalira, ndowe).

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Amuna akuluakulu amadana wina ndi mzake, choncho payenera kukhala mwamuna mmodzi yekha mu aquarium pamodzi ndi akazi awiri kapena atatu. Modekha amachitira oimira mitundu ina. N'zogwirizana ndi nsomba zosachita zaukali za kukula kwake.

Kuswana / kuswana

Amuna ali ndi mitala ndipo ikayamba nyengo yokweretsa amatha kupanga awiriawiri osakhalitsa ndi akazi angapo. Monga malo oberekera nsomba, nsomba zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala yafulati kapena malo ena aliwonse athyathyathya olimba.

Yamphongo imayamba chibwenzi mpaka maola angapo, kenako yaikazi imayamba kuikira mazira angapo m'magulu. Nthawi yomweyo amatenga gawo lililonse m’kamwa mwake, ndipo m’kanthaŵi kochepa’ko, mazirawo ali pamwala, yaimuna imakwanitsa kuwaphatikiza. Chotsatira chake, clutch yonse imakhala mkamwa mwa mkazi ndipo imakhalapo nthawi yonse yoyamwitsa - masiku 10-14, mpaka mwachangu kuonekera ndikuyamba kusambira momasuka. M'masiku oyambirira a moyo, amakhala pafupi ndipo, ngati kuli koopsa, amabisala nthawi yomweyo m'malo awo otetezeka.

Njira yotereyi yotetezera ana amtsogolo si mtundu wa nsomba izi zokha; imafalikira ku Africa mu cichlids kuchokera ku nyanja Tanganyika ndi Malawi.

Nsomba matenda

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda chimakhala m'malo otsekeredwa, ngati apitilira malire ovomerezeka, ndiye kuti kuponderezana kwa chitetezo chamthupi kumachitika ndipo nsomba zimatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe. Ngati kukayikira koyamba kukabuka kuti nsombayo ikudwala, chinthu choyamba ndikuyang'ana magawo a madzi ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoopsa za nitrogen cycle. Kubwezeretsa zinthu zabwinobwino / zoyenera nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsa machiritso. Komabe, nthawi zina, chithandizo chamankhwala chimakhala chofunikira. Werengani zambiri za zizindikiro ndi mankhwala mu gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.