Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa galu

Kuswana, phenotype, mestizo kapena "wolemekezeka" - yemwe ali m'dziko la agalu

Chitsimikizo chovomerezeka cha chiyero cha nyamayo ndi mtundu wake. Popanda izo, galu aliyense, ngakhale atagwirizana mokwanira ndi mayanjano a cynological, alibe ufulu wobereka.

Pedigree - Khadi lomwe chidziwitso chotsatirachi chimatchulidwa: mayina a ana agalu ndi makolo ake, amawonetsa maudindo ndi mavoti omwe amaperekedwa ndi omwe amapanga zinyalala pa moyo wawo, kugonana ndi tsiku lobadwa kwa mwana wagalu, kusalidwa, mayina a makolo (osachepera 3) mibadwo).

Sikoyeneranso kujambula galu wopanda mbadwa ngati pooch, chifukwa kwa ziweto zokhala ndi muyezo woyenera (ndipo nthawi zina zabwino) kunja, obereketsa ali ndi dzina losiyana - phenotype. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chiweto cha phenotypic ndi chiweto cha makolo ake ndi zolemba zosasinthika. Komanso, galu akhoza kukhala ndi makolo abwino ponena za jini, koma pazifukwa zina iwo sanawonetsedwe ndipo sanalandire ufulu woswana.

Ana agalu obadwa chifukwa cha kukweretsa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ndi ma mestizos. Pali magawo awiri a mestizos - obadwa m'chilengedwe, komanso mothandizidwa ndi munthu (kuwoloka mwadala kwa mitundu). Chofunika kwambiri: galu yekha wochokera kwa opanga omwe ali ndi zolemba zawo akhoza kutchedwa mestizo.

Ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala kale yosakanikirana ndi mitundu itatu kapena kuposerapo. Komanso, makolo a nyama akhoza kukhala anthu purebred, mestizos, ndi mongorel ena. Mwamwayi, "mtundu wolemekezeka" ukhoza kuikidwa pa ana agalu, mmodzi wa makolo awo ndi amtundu wamba, ndipo wachiwiri ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'misewu ya mumzinda.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa galu

Kukhalapo kwa mtundu / chip kumathandizira kwambiri ntchitoyo, chifukwa galu wokhala ndi "pasipoti" yotere nthawi zonse amatha kukhala chifukwa cha katswiri yemwe amawerenga mosavuta zomwe zidalipo kale. Ndi unchip "mchira" zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Inde, palibe amene amaletsa kupereka galu kwa cynologist yemwe adzamufufuze ndiyeno adziwe gulu limodzi kapena angapo amtundu umene umalamulira phenotype ya nyama. Koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse cholakwika cha kuyesa koteroko chidzakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndi agalu 27 okha mwa 100 omwe amatha kuzindikira bwino mitundu yomwe idapereka majini awo kwa nyama ya mestizo (tikulankhula, zowona).

Kuchokera ku zovuta za "chizindikiritso", funso lachilengedwe limatuluka: chifukwa chiyani mungapeze mtundu wa galu nkomwe, ngati popanda mbadwa sizidzakhala nyenyezi yawonetsero ndi ziwonetsero za agalu? Oweta amafotokoza izi podziwa kuti, podziwa chibadwa cha chiweto, zimakhala zosavuta kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lake. Ndiko kuti: kuwulula zomwe zingayambitse matenda obadwa nawo. Mwachitsanzo, brachycephalic ocular and obstructive kupuma syndrome nthawi zambiri imakhudza mitundu yokhala ndi milomo yayifupi (brachycephals), komanso achibale awo apamtima, ndipo kawirikawiri, oimira mafuko ena a canine.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa galu

Kamwana kakang'ono, m'pamenenso sangathe kudziwa bwino mtundu wake. Kuphwanyidwa, kusintha kwa mtundu, kukula kosagwirizana, mawonekedwe a mawanga pa malaya (Dalmatians) - zochitika zonsezi, zosapeŵeka kwa ana agalu, zimangochepetsa ndondomekoyi. Kotero ngati mutenga chiweto popanda zikalata, tengani kusintha kwake kokhudzana ndi zaka modekha - ndizosatheka kufotokozera zomwe mwana wagula "m'manja" adzakula. Modalirika, mtundu wa galu umatsimikiziridwa kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngakhale akatswiri a cynologists amawona kuti nyama ya chaka chimodzi ndiyo yabwino.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa galu wamkulu ndi zizindikiro zakunja

Ndi bwino kuunika mawonekedwe akunja pamodzi, kutchula buku lofotokozera kapena mtundu wamtundu. Koma kumbukirani kuti ndi "olemekezeka" mu m'badwo wa nth, mfundoyi siidzagwira ntchito - kusakaniza kosakanikirana kwa majini kulipo mu phenotype yawo. Koma muzochitika ndi ma mestizos, mwayi wa "chizindikiritso" chopambana ndiwambiri.

Potengera kutalika ndi kulemera kwake

Dziko la agalu lili ndi zimphona zake, zapakati ndi zazing'ono. RKF imatchula mitundu ikuluikulu itatu ya miyala molingana ndi miyeso ya oyimira awo.

Large

Agalu okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60 amafota ndi kulemera kwa thupi 25-30 kg. Oimira odziwika bwino: Galu wa Mbusa wa East European, Briard, Maremma-Abruzzo Shepherd Galu, American Bulldog, Doberman, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Black Russian Terrier, Giant Schnauzer, Alaskan Malamute, etc.

Mitundu yonse ikuluikulu ya agalu

pafupifupi

Agalu apakatikati ndi agalu kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 cm pofota ndi kulemera kwa 12-25 kg. Mitundu ina yodziwika ndi RKF ngati yapakati: French Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Russian Spaniel, Pharaoh Hound, Chow Chow, East Siberian Laika, Welsh Terrier, Border Collie, American Stafford, Bull Terrier, Thai Ridgeback, Beagle, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu yonse ya agalu

Small

Pakati pamagulu ang'onoang'ono, magulu atatu akuluakulu amasiyanitsidwa: agalu ang'onoang'ono (kutalika - mpaka 40 cm; kulemera - mpaka 10-12 kg), kakang'ono (kutalika kofota - mpaka 35 cm; kulemera kwa thupi - mpaka 5 kg). ), toi (kutalika - osapitirira 28 cm; kulemera - mkati mwa 2 kg). "Ana" odziwika bwino: Miniature Pinscher, Yorkshire Terrier, Galu Wopanda Tsitsi la Mexican, Belgian Griffon, Pug, Galu wa Chinese Crested, Russian Toy Terrier, Chihuahua, Malta, Petit Brabancon, Papillon, Japanese Chin, Tibetan Spaniel, Coton de Tulear, Manchester Terrier etc. .

Mitundu yonse ya agalu

Mwa mtundu wa makutu

Kukula, kakhazikitsidwe ndi mawonekedwe a nsalu ya makutu ndi mikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri yamtunduwu yomwe imatha kudziwa zambiri za "mizu" ya ziweto.

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa, makutu amatha kusiyana ndi kukhalapo / kusapezeka kwa nthenga zokongoletsa. Mitundu yomwe singasokonezedwe chifukwa cha izi: papillon, Russian toy terrier ya tsitsi lalitali, briar.

Pautali wa muzzle

Mlatho wautali wa mphuno mwa agalu sikuti nthawi zonse umatanthawuza munthu woyamba kununkhiza. Ngakhale, kumlingo wokulirapo, mawonekedwe amtundu woterewa amakhala amtundu wa oimira mafuko osaka.

Amabereka okhala ndi mphuno zazitali:

Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale za oimira banja la canine "polar" - brachycephals. Chifukwa chake ngati mwana wagalu wanu ali ndi kamphuno kakang'ono kapena kosalala, ndizotheka kuti mu chibadwa chake adadziwika:

Kuwononga moyo kwa omwe ali ndi chidwi: pozindikira mtundu wa galu ndi kutalika kwa muzzle, musaiwale za mawonekedwe a kumbuyo kwa mphuno. Mwachitsanzo: milomo ya ng'ombe yamphongo ndi ng'ombe ya ku Afghanistan imakhala yofanana, koma ndi yosiyana kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mchira

Michira ngati mawonekedwe a corkscrew wopepuka ndi mawonekedwe a Chow Chow, Pug ndi Akita Inu. Mchira-mchira, itaima mowongoka, ndi chizindikiro chozindikiritsa zimbalangondo. Mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mbedza okhala ndi nsonga yokwezeka pang'ono ndi chip chamtundu wa Briards ndi Pyrenean Shepherds. Mchira wa makoswe, ngati wa Irish Water Spaniel, ndi wamphamvu, waubweya waubweya komanso nsonga yopyapyala yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lochepa. Labrador Retriever ili ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mchira wa otter: wandiweyani m'munsi, womwe umalowera kunsonga ndikuphwanyidwa pansipa.

Bull Terriers ndi eni ake a michira yopingasa, yomwe imatchedwanso ndodo. Chizindikiritso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbola ya njuchi. Mphete yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mchira kwa mitundu yambiri imatengedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu, koma osati kwa Afghan Hound, yomwe "kapangidwe" kotereku ndi chikhalidwe. Michira ya Crescent nthawi zambiri imakhala ya Siberia Huskies. Michira ya gologolo, yopindika kutsogolo, ndiyofanana ndi Pekingese.

Malingana ndi kutalika ndi kapangidwe ka malaya

Mtundu wa malaya udzachepetsanso kwambiri mtundu wakusaka kwamtundu. Akatswiri a cynologists amasiyanitsa mitundu 6 ikuluikulu ya "zovala" za agalu:

• mtundu wakutchire - tsitsi lalitali pakhosi, thupi, mchira ndi lalifupi pazanja ndi mutu;
• tsitsi lalifupi - malaya osalala a yunifolomu m'thupi lonse ndi malaya ochepa kapena opanda;
• tsitsi lawaya - tsitsi lopaka, lopindika kapena lopindika, kupanga makalata oteteza pathupi la nyama;
• tsitsi lalitali - malayawo ndi a silika, nthawi zambiri amapachikidwa pamphepete, amatha kukhala osalala kapena opindika.

M'kati mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya ubweya, pali mitundu yaying'ono.

Agalu opanda tsitsi - Chinese Crested, Xoloitzcuintle, American Hairless Terrier, Ecuadorian Hairless, Abyssinian Sand Terrier, Peruvian Inca Orchid, Deerhound (osadziwika mwalamulo ndi ma cynological associations), Manchurian Hairless.

watsitsi losalala - Great Dane, Doberman, Dalmatian, Cane Corso, Boxer, Ca de Bo, Italy Greyhound, Pharaoh Hound, etc.

Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lopindika - Sharpei, Neapolitan Mastiff, Pug.

Watsitsi lalitali ndi undercoat yaying'ono - Japan Chin.

Watsitsi lalitali wokhala ndi undercoat yochuluka - Pekingese.

Zinyama zokhala ndi tsitsi lokhala ndi zingwe kapena matiti - zipolopolo, komondor, bergama shepherd.

Waya-tsitsi ndi mtundu waufupi wachivundikiro - Tsitsi losalala la nkhandwe, Hungarian vizsla.

Chovala cholimba chautali wapakati - schnauzer wamba, Irish terrier.

Agalu okhala ndi tsitsi lopotanata - Airedale Terrier, Welsh Terrier.

Anthu omwe ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi lopiringizika - Curly Coated Retriever.

Galu waku Central Asia Shepherd amatengedwa ngati mwiniwake wa malaya amtchire. Komanso, akatswiri a cynologists amasiyanitsa mtundu wina wowonjezera, womwe umaphatikizapo agalu atsitsi lalikulu ndi tsitsi lofewa komanso lakuda kwambiri (bobtails).

Mwa mtundu

Chophweka njira kudziwa mtundu mu agalu ndi osowa mitundu mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, ndizodziwika bwino kuti mtundu wa merle pafupifupi nthawi zonse Bull Terrier, Pit Bull, Aussie ndi Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Ngati muwona cholengedwa chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake onse akufanana ndi Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, koma ndi malaya oyera a ngale, okongoletsedwa ndi zizindikiro za mgoza, ndiye kuti mwina 99,9% muli ndi Blenheim patsogolo panu.

Chochititsa chidwi: popeza kuti mitundu ya mitundu siili nthaŵi zonse kukhala maseŵera opanda vuto a majini, ena a iwo amaletsedwa kuswana. Makamaka, zoyeserera zoswana zakhazikitsidwa kwa anthu alubino, komanso agalu a suti ya Isabella. Palinso zoletsa zingapo pamitundu ya merle, ngakhale si mitundu yonse.

Khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe: timazindikira mtunduwo ndi khalidwe

Njirayi, yodziwika ndi akatswiri a cynologists ngati yosadalirika kwambiri, imagwiranso ntchito nthawi zina. Makamaka ngati galu watchula zizolowezi za oimira mtundu womwe akufuna. Ngati chiweto chinatsimikizira kuti ndi digger weniweni, ndizotheka kuti anali ndi mwayi chabe ndi majini a terrier. Omwe amakonda "kudyetsera" onse a nyanga ndi mchira omwe akuwonekera amasiyanitsidwa ndi chibadwa cha agalu abusa - ma collies, shelties, corgis.

Mbadwa za agalu osaka adzawononga mwadongosolo kukhalapo kwa amphaka onse ozungulira, komanso nkhuku, ngati zilipo. Mafani a mbewa, makoswe ndi makoswe ena, monga lamulo, dachshunds, ratlicks, cairn ndi jack russell terriers, komanso schnauzers yaying'ono. St. Bernards, Golden Retrievers, Pugs, Papillons, Poodles ndi Labradors nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka kukhala "mwana" ndi tinker ndi ana anu. Mukakumana ndi "munthu chete" wowona mtima, zikutheka kuti oimira mitundu yaying'ono akuwuwa adadziwika kwa makolo ake - Basenji, American Akita, Shiba Inu, Rhodesian Ridgeback, Afghan Hound, Greyhound.

Nambala Yachibadwa: Kukhazikitsidwa Kwa Ana Kudzera Kuyesa Ma Genetic

Ku Russia, kuyesa kwa DNA kwa agalu kumaperekedwa ndi ma laboratories angapo nthawi imodzi. Njira zodziwika kwambiri za cynologists ndizoyesa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ubale ndikukhazikitsa mbiri ya chibadwa. Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro otere amakhala ngati inshuwaransi kwa oweta osakhulupirika. Musanagule galu wopanda zikalata, mutha kutumiza biomaterial ya nyamayo ndi makolo ake ku labotale (mogwirizana ndi wogulitsa) kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwapatsidwa chiweto kuchokera kwa opanga omwe adawonetsedwa.