Matenda amkamwa mwa agalu ndi amphaka

Nyama zodya nyama zimakhala ndi mibadwo iwiri ya mano (yodula ndi yosatha). Iwo ndi a heterodonts - nyama zamitundu ingapo ya mano zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi anthu, nyama zodya nyama sizimatafuna chakudya chawo. Iwo akuikhadzula ndi kuimeza. Choncho, agalu ndi amphaka kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mapanga ndipo amatha kukhala ndi matenda a periodontal. Izi ndi matenda a periorbital minofu.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati pali chinachake cholakwika m'kamwa mwa chiweto chanu?

• Fungo loipa lochokera mkamwa, kudontha, kunjenjemera kwa minofu ya masticatory, kuvutika kudya komanso kusewera ndi zinthu.
• Kutuluka magazi, kutupa, kufiira m`kamwa, zilonda zam'mimba, zolembera m'mano, kufooka kwa mano, kuwonongeka kwa mano.
• Kusintha mawonekedwe a muzzle: chiwonetsero cha kutupa m'mphuno kapena infraorbital dera kapena m'chigawo cha m'munsi nsagwada; kukula kwa ma lymph nodes a submandibular.

Plaque ndi tartar

Kuchepetsa kutafuna, malocclusion, kuchedwa kwa mano a mkaka, kusowa ukhondo mkamwa, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana monga shuga, impso ndi chiwindi kulephera, ndi immunodeficiencies amathandiza mafunsidwe zolengeza ndi mapangidwe miyala. Kale patatha masabata a 2 kupangidwa kwa zolengeza, tartar imapangidwa chifukwa cha calcification pansi pa mchere wamchere, makamaka calcium yomwe ili m'malovu (supragingival calculus) kapena madzimadzi momwe gingival sulcus imamizidwa (subgingival calculus). Mwala womwewo siwomwe umayambitsa matenda a periodontal, koma malo ake okhwima amapereka malo abwino kuti plaque ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zigwirizane. Thandizo laukatswiri - ukhondo (kuchotsa tartar ndi veterinarian ndi ultrasound, kuchotsa subgingival madipoziti ndi kupukuta mano) kenako ndi kutsuka tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandiza kuchepetsa kumasuka koyamba kwa mano ndi kusunga chikhalidwe ichi kwa zaka zingapo.    

Mano amwana

Kusintha kwa mano amkaka mwa agalu akuluakulu kumayambira pafupifupi miyezi 3,5 - 4, ndipo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, tsokali limagwera pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (ndipo nthawi zina miyezi 7-8). Ma molars amakula poyamba, kenako ma premolars, kenako ma molars, ndipo pomaliza a canines. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma molars mu agalu ndi 42 (20 pamwamba ndi 22 pansi). M'mwana wa mphaka, kusintha kwa mano amkaka kukhala mano okhazikika kumayamba pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Pofika miyezi 4 - 3,5. incisors kusintha, ndi 5,5 - 5,5 miyezi. - matenda, pofika miyezi 6,5-4. - premolars, ndi miyezi 5 - 5. - ma molars. Kusintha kwathunthu kwa mano kumatha ndi miyezi 6, kumatha kutambasula mpaka miyezi 7. Mphaka wamkulu amakhala ndi mano 9 okhazikika. Amphaka, nthawi zambiri mano amasintha popanda mavuto, pangakhale fungo lochokera mkamwa ndi reddening ya m'kamwa. Mwa agalu, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, mano a mkaka amatha kukhala akuluakulu. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira njira yosinthira mano, mano omwe sagwa kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa mano owonjezera amatsogolera ku malocclusion, kuwonongeka kwa mkamwa, kupanga tartar, ndi matenda a periodontal.    

Malo osadziwika bwino a mano, malocclusion 

Zikachitika kuti dzino lopezeka mosadziwika bwino livulaza chingamu kapena milomo ndi nsonga yake, kapena kusokoneza kutseka kwa thupi kwa nsagwada, liyenera kuchotsedwa. Pakakhala kuluma kolakwika, agalu apadera oteteza pakamwa ndi zomangira agalu angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma izi zitha kuchitidwa ndi katswiri, zingwe sizimayikidwa ngati pali matenda a chingamu komanso kupezeka kwa zotupa. Ngati galu si pedigree, ndipo kuluma sikusokoneza ntchito yachibadwa ya nsagwada, sikuwononga m'kamwa, sikungawongoleredwe, kudzakhala chilema chodzikongoletsera.     

Kuthyoka kwa mano

Kuvulala ndi kutafuna kwambiri zinthu zolimba zimatha kuthyola mano. Pankhaniyi, malingana ndi zilonda, dzino limachotsedwa kapena kudzazidwa ndi kudzazidwa.    

Matupi achilendo m'kamwa

Mafupa, ulusi, singano, waya, minga ya zomera, matabwa, “mvula” ndi tinsel nthawi zambiri zimagwera m’kamwa. Nyama imatsegula pakamwa pake, imatulutsa lilime lake, imatikita pakamwa pake ndi zikhadabo zake kapena pansi, pansi ndi mipando. Salivation ndi kuchuluka kupuma mlingo, kutsokomola, kusanza, kukana kudyetsa mwina anaona. Ngati chinthu chachilendo sichichotsedwa posachedwa, chingayambitse kutupa.    

Mwa matenda am'kamwa, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

Matenda am'mimba

Kutupa kwa mucosa ya mkamwa. Zizindikiro zodziwika kwambiri za stomatitis ndi kudya kowawa, kutulutsa malovu, komanso fungo losasangalatsa lochokera mkamwa.

• Catarrhal stomatitis. Ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa, palibe mabala oonekera komanso zilonda. Pali zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kutupa - zofiira, kutupa, zowawa, pakhoza kukhala zokutira zoyera pang'ono pakapita nthawi pamene chiweto sichikudya kapena kumwa. Zolengeza zikachotsedwa, madera otuluka magazi a mucosa amapangidwa. Imaonekera ngati padera chotupa madera, ndipo akhoza kuphimba lonse m`kamwa patsekeke, makamaka m`kamwa. Chiyambi cha stomatitis onse.
• Ulcerative stomatitis - ziphuphu zakumaso zimapangika pamwamba pa mucosa, zomwe zimaphulika ndikupanga mabala ang'onoang'ono, pomwe minofu yathanzi imayaka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka padziko m`kamwa, komanso amapezeka pa milomo ndi masaya. Ndi ulcerative stomatitis, galu nthawi zambiri amadya ndi chomping. Ulcerative stomatitis ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha leptospirosis mu agalu ndi calcivirosis, kachilombo ka HIV, ndi matenda a herpesvirus amphaka.
• Atrophic stomatitis. Kunja, pali amphamvu kwambiri kutupa pa m`kamwa ndi mucous nembanemba wa mkati padziko masaya. Mukayang'ana pafupi, mutha kuwona tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mabala / zilonda. Pamwamba pa mucosa ndizovuta komanso zowoneka ngati zatambasulidwa kuchokera ku edema yotupa, ngati kuti yatsala pang'ono kuphulika. Kukhudza pang'ono kwa chotupacho kumapangitsa kuti galu amve kupweteka kwambiri. Ng'ombeyo imakana chakudya cholimba, ndipo mwapadera sichingadye chakudya chofewa. Kuvulala kwa m'kamwa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pokhudzana ndi chinthu cholimba.
• Phlegmonous stomatitis. Nthawi zonse kwambiri zosasangalatsa fungo mkamwa ndi pamaso pa mafinya mabala, zilonda ndi kudzikundikira pakati pa milomo ndi m`kamwa. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chachinyontho, njira ya purulent imafalikira m'kamwa, kukhudza ma microtrauma ndi ma vesicles. Amachizidwa kokha pogwiritsa ntchito systemic antibiotic therapy.
• Papillomatous stomatitis. Mtundu uwu wa stomatitis umayamba chifukwa cha papillomavirus ndipo umadziwika ndi mapangidwe a neoplasms enieni pamilomo ndi masaya, ofanana ndi kolifulawa - papillomas. Kudzipangira mankhwala ndikoletsedwa, chifukwa. pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufalikira ndi kukula kwa papillomas m'kamwa lonse. Ndiwofala kwambiri mwa ana agalu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Ndizosatheka kuchiza stomatitis mwa galu palokha popanda kupita kwa veterinarian (osachepera popanda zotsatira zake). Palibe mwiniwake amene angadziwe chomwe chinayambitsa matendawa. Mfundo yaikulu mu chithandizo ndi kuthetsa chifukwa cha kutupa, mwachitsanzo popanda kutanthauzira kwake kwenikweni, njira iliyonse yachipatala idzakhala yopanda phindu.    

Gingivitis

Kutupa m`kamwa, chifukwa cha mavuto a m`deralo ndi ambiri zinthu ndi kupitiriza popanda kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa gingival mphambano. Ndi gingivitis, m`kamwa amakhala wofiira kwambiri, kutupa. Kudya ndikovuta. Pakhoza kukhala malovu. M`kamwa kumatuluka magazi.    

Periodontitis

Kutupa kwa minofu ya periodontal (minofu yozungulira dzino), yomwe imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono (kuwonongeka) kwa periodontium ndi fupa la alveolar (dzino zitsulo - kukhumudwa mu nsagwada momwe muzu wa dzino uli) nsagwada. Zizindikiro zake ndizofanana ndi za gingivitis. Poyang'ana pakamwa pakamwa, matumba a periodontal zone amapezeka, mano amakhala oyendayenda, opweteka. N’zothekanso kutaya mano.    

Matenda a Periodontal

Dystrophic (pathological mkhalidwe wa minofu, yodziwika ndi kagayidwe kachakudya matenda ndi structural kusintha) periodontal chotupa. Matendawa amakhala ndi aakulu Inde. Monga ulamuliro, periodontal matenda ndi pathological syndrome ambiri somatic matenda. Pamene ndondomekoyi ikukula, kuyanika kwa m'kamwa, kutuluka kwa mizu ya mano kangapo, maonekedwe a diastema (kuwonjezeka kwa kusiyana pakati pa mano), ndi kusiyana kwa mano kofanana ndi fani. Pambuyo pake, kusuntha kwa mano kumawonjezeredwa.   

Kubwezeretsanso kwa dzino (mwa amphaka) (FORL)

Matenda a mano amphaka, momwe kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya dzino kumachitika ndi mapangidwe a cavities, zida zonse za dzino zimawonongedwa. Kunja, matendawa amatha kukhala osawoneka ndipo amatha kudziwika pokhapokha ndi X-ray ya mano. Nthawi zina chingamu m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa dzino limakhala lofiira, limatha kutuluka magazi ndikukula pa korona. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri mano omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa pakadali pano palibe njira yothandiza yochizira matendawa.

Kuwonongeka kwa mano

Siziwoneka kawirikawiri mwa agalu ndi amphaka, koma zimachitikabe. Pansi pa mano caries amatchedwa kugonjetsedwa kwa zimakhala zolimba za dzino, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha mapangidwe enamel, dentini. Ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu cha minofu ya dzino, pamodzi ndi mapangidwe a mitsempha, ndizotheka kuwononga korona wa dzino. Ndi zotupa zozama kwambiri, kutupa kumatha kupita ku zamkati mwa mano, mizu ya mano, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale matenda a periodontal mu kutupa. Caries mu nyama, monganso anthu, ali ndi zifukwa zambiri, ndipo n'zosatheka kusankha chimodzi chokha. Zowonadi, gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi chibadwa, chomwe chimazindikirika m'mano amavuto kudzera mu chitetezo chokwanira, kukana, dongosolo la mahomoni. Secondary udindo ndi khalidwe la chakudya. Choncho kudyetsa carnivorous chakudya wolemera chakudya (tirigu, youma chakudya) ndi kusowa chakudya wolemera mu kashiamu (makamaka ana agalu ndi mphaka), zolengeza akhoza kupanga ndi enamel kupunduka akhoza kupanga chifukwa mchere kagayidwe matenda. Kuchiza kwa dzino lakuda kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka - kumatha kusindikizidwa kapena kuchotsedwa.    

Mimba

Kukula kwa chingamu minofu, nthawi zambiri kuphimba mano, kungakhale wathunthu ndi yunifolomu mu mtundu, kapena yokutidwa ndi zaka mawanga, zilonda, madera necrosis, mano akhoza zandima, kugwa kapena kusuntha. Mphuno nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe asymmetrical. Ma neoplasms amathanso kukhudza minofu iliyonse yofewa yam'kamwa - mkamwa, mkamwa, lilime, masaya, pharynx, kulowa m'mphuno, ndipo minofu ya nsagwada imatha kuwonongedwa. Zotupa za m'malovu zimayamba ndi kutupa ndipo zimakhala zofala kwambiri mwa amphaka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa agalu. Zotupa zam'kamwa zimakhala pafupifupi 5-10% ya zotupa zonse za agalu ndi amphaka. Mwa agalu, gawo lalikulu la ma neoplasms ndi oopsa, pomwe amphaka, ma neoplasms ambiri amakhala oopsa. Amafunika kukaonana ndi veterinarian atangowazindikira.    

Kupewa matenda a m`kamwa patsekeke

Pali mafupa apadera akutafuna, ndodo, mapepala omwe amathandiza kuyeretsa mano ndi abrasive effect, komanso zoseweretsa zotsuka mano ndi misala. Makampani ambiri odziwika bwino a chakudya cha ziweto amawonjezera zoletsa zoletsa ku chakudya cha agalu ndi amphaka, monga ma polyphosphates, mafuta ofunikira, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera a kibble chakudya chowuma (kuyeretsa makina). Izi zimangogwira ntchito pazikwangwani ndi kawerengedwe kakang'ono. Pofuna kupewa matenda a m'kamwa, m'pofunika kufufuza nthawi zonse pakamwa pa chiweto chanu, kuyeretsa zolengeza 1-2 pa sabata ndi mapepala apadera ndi burashi kwa nyama, mungagwiritse ntchito zakumwa ndi zopopera pamlomo. Ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kuchotsa tartar ndi zida kapena ultrasonic scaler, kuyeretsa koteroko kumachitidwa ndi veterinarian yekha. 

Momwe mungayeretsere mano anu ku zolengeza

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kwa nyama - zotsukira mano za anthu ndizowopsa zikamezedwa. Njirayi imafunikanso maburashi apadera a nyama, burashi ya chala, bandeji atakulungidwa chala, kwa agalu ang'onoang'ono ndi amphaka, mungagwiritse ntchito maburashi a ana ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zofewa zomwe sizingawononge thanzi la pet. Zotsukira m'mano ndi gel osakaniza agalu safuna rinsing, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kwa galu.

• Njira yosavuta ndikukulunga chala chanu ndi bandeji, makamaka zigawo 3-4. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito phala lapadera kapena gel osakaniza, ndikupukuta mano anu ndi kayendedwe ka kuwala. Mukatsuka, musagwiritse ntchito mphamvu, musamanikize mwamphamvu, kuopa kukanda enamel ndikuwononga m'kamwa. 
• Ikani phala ku bristles wa burashi, mofatsa tsukani, kuyambira ndi kumbuyo mano. 
• Ngati ndondomekoyi ikuchitika kwa nthawi yoyamba, sizingatheke kuyeretsa mano onse nthawi imodzi. Chitani chinyengocho munjira zingapo.
• Palibe chifukwa choyeretsa mkati mwa mano a ziweto zanu nthawi zonse. Galu akhoza kuyeretsa yekha.
• Muyenera kupanga malo odekha kuti chiweto chizindikire njirayi mosavuta. Kuyeretsa sikuyenera kugwirizana ndi kusapeza bwino. Pochita izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kulankhula mwachikondi ndi nyama, kuyamika.

 Ngati mupeza vuto lililonse m'matumbo am'kamwa, ndikofunikira kuti musadzipangire nokha mankhwala, koma onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi veterinarian wanu kuti mukayezetse, fufuzani matenda olondola komanso chithandizo choyenera.