Tizilombo ta zinkhwe ndi zina nkhuku

Zilombo zakunja

Odyera Downy

Odya pansi ndi banja la tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono ta Phthiraptera, kunja kwake ngati nsabwe, tili ndi thupi lofiirira komanso lalitali 1-3 mm kutalika ndi 0,3 mm mulifupi, zikhadabo zokhala ndi zikhadabo. Iwo amayambitsa matenda mallophagosis. Matendawa amapezeka mbalame yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka ikakumana ndi yathanzi, komanso kudzera m'zinthu zomwe zimafala kwa mbalame - ma perches, feeders, zisa, nsapato zosambira ndi mchenga wosamba. Odya Downy amadya pansi ndi nthenga, tinthu tating'ono ta khungu la mbalame. Zizindikiro za matenda monga nkhawa, kuyabwa, kusowa chilakolako ndi kulemera, maonekedwe a dazi pa thupi, kutumphuka pakhungu, ndi mucous nembanemba m'maso nthawi zambiri kutupa. Kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Cholemberacho chimawoneka chopanda thanzi, chowonongeka, chosasunthika ndipo chimakhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono poyang'anitsitsa. Mutha kuona tizilombo toyenda ndi mazira obulungira m'munsi mwa nthengayo ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono ndi galasi lokulitsa.

Knemidocoptosis

Mphere wa mbalame zokongola chifukwa cha nthata za mtundu Knemidokoptes. Nkhupakupa zimaluma m'njira zambiri pansi pa khungu ndi mamba a zikhatho zawo. Mbalameyi imanjenjemera, imayabwa ndikutulutsa nthenga zake. Khungu limapsa, limakhala lopweteka. Mamba pamiyendo amawuka, amasintha mtundu, owoneka bwino, necrosis ya phalanges ya zala imatha kuchitika. Sera ndi malo ozungulira maso amatha kuwonjezeka, kusintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, mlomo umapunduka. Matenda a mbalame yathanzi amapezeka mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mbalame yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kapena ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe nkhupakupa zimatha kugwa. Kuti azindikire, ma microscope a scrapings amachitidwa.

Syringophiliasis

Matenda a sternostomosis

The causative wothandizira ndi tracheal mite sternostoma tracheacolum 0,2-0,3 mm. m'lifupi ndi 0,4-0,6 mm. kutalika. The tracheal mite imayambitsa matumba a mpweya, mapapo, bronchi, trachea, nthawi zina imatha kupezeka m'mafupa.

Zimakhudza makamaka mbalame zing'onozing'ono - finches, astrild, canaries, parrots zazing'ono, makamaka zazing'ono, zimafalitsidwa ndi madontho oyendetsa ndege komanso kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi. Mbalameyi imasiya kuyimba, imadzitukumula, imataya thupi, imapangitsa kumeza pafupipafupi, kutsekemera ndi kutsokomola, kupuma ndi mlomo wotseguka. Nthendayi imayambitsa kutupa, kutsekeka kwa mpweya, kuwonongeka ndi mabala kumtunda kwa njira yopuma yomwe imayambitsa chibayo ndi imfa ya mbalameyi. Ndi kuukira kochepa, matendawa ndi asymptomatic.

Nthambo

Ntchentche za mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba ndizosowa. Koma, komabe, utitiri (nkhuku, bakha ndi njiwa) ukhoza kubweretsedwa ndi chiweto chatsopano, chakudya chochokera kumisika yotseguka, komanso nsapato kapena zovala. Utitiri wa mbalame ( Ceratophyllus gallinae ) umasiyana pang'ono ndi utitiri wa amphaka ndi agalu. Mbalame zimatchula kuyabwa, madera omwe ali ndi khungu lofiira lofiira amawoneka, mbalame zimakhala zosakhazikika, zimatha kubudula nthenga. Pazovuta kwambiri, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumayamba. Ntchentche ndizowopsa chifukwa zimanyamula matenda ambiri opatsirana komanso helminths.

majeremusi amkati

Matenda a Helminths

Mbalame zonse zokongola komanso zobereka zimagwidwa ndi magulu a helminths monga cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms) ndi filamentous worms. Matendawa amatha kuchitika kudzera m'magulu apakati, tizilombo toyamwa magazi, kapena kudzera muzinthu zowonongeka, madzi, chakudya, zakudya. Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chodwala mbalame zomwe zili mumsewu kapena pa khonde, chifukwa pali mwayi waukulu wokhudzana ndi mbalame zakutchire.

• Ma helminths omwe amakhala m'matumbo am'mimba (cestodes Triuterina, Biporouterina, Railietina, nematodes Ascaridia, Ascarops, Capillaria, Heterakis, Ascarops): ulesi, mawonekedwe osakhala achilengedwe, kuchepetsedwa kapena kupotozedwa kwachilakolako, kutsekula m'mimba, kuwonongeka kwamatumbo, kusayenda bwino kwa m'mimba. , mamina ndi magazi m'zinyalala.
• Ma helminths okhala m'chiwindi (flukes a banja la Dicrocoeda): kukulitsa chiwindi, kukana kudya, kuwonda, kuchepa magazi.
• Tizilombo tambiri timene timakhudza impso za mbalamezi (flukes a genus Paratanaisia) zimatsogolera kukuwonetsa zizindikiro za nephropathy mu mbalame: kulumala, polyuria (kuchuluka kwa madzi mu ndowe), ulesi, paresis kapena ziwalo za chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri. miyendo.
• Ma helminths omwe amakhala m'chiwalo chopumira (Syngamus spp.): kukana kudyetsa, ulesi, nthenga zosweka, chifuwa.
• Nyongolotsi zomwe zimamera m'maso (nematodes Thelazia, Oxispirura, Ceratospira, Annulospira) zitha kuwoneka ndi "diso lamaliseche", koma nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imayambitsa conjunctivitis, blepharitis, khungu la zikope limasanduka lofiira ndikuwotcha, mbalameyi imawopa. kuwala kowala, squints maso ake, kuzungulira maso akhoza kugwa nthenga.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timakhala pansi pa khungu (Pelicitus spp.) timachititsa kuti tiziphuphu tooneka tofewa mozungulira mfundozo. Kuti mudziwe ndi kukhazikitsa mtundu wa helminth, kafukufuku wa ndowe amachitidwa.
• Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zizindikiro za helminthiasis mu parrot sizingakhalepo.

giardiasis, histomanosis, coccidiosis, chlamydia, rickettsiosis

Matenda amayamba ndi protozoa. Matumbo, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina zamkati zimakhudzidwa. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a chopondapo, chomwe mwina chimakhala ndi magazi ndi ntchofu. Mbalameyo imawoneka yolefuka, yosokonekera, imatha kukana kudya ndi madzi. Pali mawonetseredwe a dongosolo kupuma ndi maso, maonekedwe a secretions, kutupa, sneezing. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumalembedwa nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, ndi 40-42 madigiri mu mbalame. Chiopsezo cha imfa ndi chachikulu, makamaka mwa nyama zazing'ono, ndi chithandizo chamwadzidzi. Imfa imachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndi kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zamkati za mbalame. Matendawa amapangidwa pamaziko a microscopy ya chopondapo, zizindikiro zachipatala, postmortem autopsy ngati wamwalira. Zowopsa kwa anthu ndi mauka, rickettsia ndi giardia.

Chithandizo cha matenda parasitic

Thandizo lachindunji cholinga chake ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufotokozera mtundu wa tizilombo. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala mosamala. Kutsatira malangizo a ornithologist. Kusagwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kuchulukirachulukira kwa chinthu chogwira ntchito kumatha kupha mbalameyo. Zochizira ectoparasites, pali njira zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe a emulsion, kutsitsi kapena ufa. Panthawi yokonza, imayenera kuteteza maso kuti asatenge mankhwala, izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito kapu ya pepala. Mankhwala, mungagwiritse ntchito kuchepetsedwa Neostomozan kukonzekera, ndi kukonzekera zochokera fipronil, deltamethrin, ivermectin, moxidectin, aversectin mafuta, kutenga kusamala. Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana momwe mbalame ikuchitira popaka mankhwalawo kumalo ang'onoang'ono a nthenga zauXNUMXbuXNUMXb ndi khungu, ngati zonse zili bwino, ndiye kuti zitha kuthandizidwa kwathunthu, kuti mupewe poizoni, kukonzekera. amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thonje, ndodo kapena burashi pansi pa nthenga, pakhungu. Mankhwala otetezeka ndi Beaphar spray ndi mankhwala ena a permetrin, kuti atetezeke kwambiri, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi burashi yofewa pansi pa nthenga. kubwereza ndondomeko patapita masiku angapo. Kuteteza ndi kuchiza nkhuku ku helminths ndi protozoa, kukonzekera zovuta zochokera praziquantel, fenbendazole, levomisole, ndi ivermectin ntchito. Katswiri wa mbalame amasankha mlingo wa munthu payekha malinga ndi kulemera kwa thupi ndi mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo amapereka malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala enaake. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama za amphaka ndi agalu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wina.

Prevention

Ndizosatheka kupanga malo osabala kuti mbalame zokongola zikhale ndi moyo, koma ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zodzitetezera. M`pofunika kuchita wokhazikika disinfection maselo ndi njira ndi chabe scald ndi madzi otentha. Mbalame zatsopano ziyenera kuikidwa m'chipinda chosiyana ndi khola laling'ono ndipo njira zodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zakunja ndi zamkati ziyenera kuchitidwa. Matendawa amatha kuchitika kuchokera ku chakudya, madzi, nthambi ndi zina, komanso mbalame zina, kuphatikizapo zakutchire. Muyeneranso kupereka mbalame ndi khola lalikulu kapena aviary, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse, kusinthanitsa madzi m'mbale zodyera ndi zipinda zosambira ndi madzi abwino kamodzi pa masiku 1-2, ndikudyetsa ndi zakudya zabwino.