Kulimbikitsa kwabwino pakuphunzitsa agalu

Titha kulankhula za kulimbikitsana kwabwino mu maphunziro a galu pamene galu alandira chinthu chofunika komanso chamtengo wapatali chifukwa chochita "ntchito yabwino". Mwachitsanzo, galu amagona pansi atalamulidwa ndipo timampatsa mphoto. M'mayiko ambiri (omwe timawatcha otukuka), kulimbikitsana kwabwino kwakhala nthawi yayitali, ngati si njira yokhayo yovomerezeka yophunzitsira nyama, kuphatikizapo agalu. N’chifukwa chiyani njira imeneyi ndi yabwino?

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Kodi kulimbikitsa kwabwino kungagwiritsidwe ntchito chiyani?

Panthawi ina, E. Thorndike adapanga "Law of Effect", malingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, zinthu zina zimakhala zofanana, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wokhutira ndizokhazikika bwino. Komanso, lingaliro la kugwirizana pakati pa khalidwe ndi zotsatira linapangidwa ndi woyambitsa maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito BF Skinner.

Njira yabwino yolimbikitsira imachokera pa mfundo yakuti khalidwe limene likulimbitsidwa limakhala lochulukirachulukira. Ndipo kuphatikiza kwake kwakukulu ndikuti kulimbikitsidwa kwa galu kumakhutitsidwa.

Ndipo kulimbikitsa zabwino alibe zoletsa m'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiko kuti, titha kugwiritsa ntchito kuphunzitsa galu (komanso nyama iliyonse yomwe imatha kuphunzira mfundo) chilichonse komanso kukonza zovuta.

Ndi mikangano yotani imene otsutsa kulimbikitsana kwabwino amapereka, ndipo nchifukwa ninji mikangano imeneyi ili yosatsimikizirika?

Kulimbikitsana kwabwino kuli ndi onse othandizira komanso otsutsa. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zabwino ndizo:

• "Kulimbitsa bwino ndikupatsa galu ziphuphu."
• "Kulimbikitsana bwino sikupanga chizoloŵezi chokhazikika."
• "Kulimbikitsana bwino ndiko kulolera."

Komabe, palibe mtsutso uliwonse umene uli wovomerezeka mwanjira iliyonse.

Kulankhula za ziphuphu, otsutsa kulimbikitsa zabwino malingaliro olowa m'malo. Kupereka ziphuphu ndi pamene mumasonyeza galu wanu zabwino kapena chidole ndikumuitana. Inde, panthawi yophunzitsidwa, kuti galu amvetsetse zomwe zimafunikira kwa iye, ife, ndithudi, timamuphunzitsa kuti athamangire ku chidutswa chokoma kapena chidole - koma pa siteji ya kufotokozera. Ndipo ngati munamuyitana galuyo popanda kumuitana, adayamika panthawi yomwe adasiya agalu ena kapena kununkhira kosangalatsa muudzu ndikuthamangira kwa inu, ndipo pamene adathamanga, kusewera naye kapena kuchichitira - izi siziri. chiphuphu, koma malipiro.

Kotero izo ndithudi sizokhudza chiphuphu.

Iwo amene amati, "Tidayesetsa kulimbikitsa zabwino, koma sizipanga chizolowezi chokhazikika," mwina zolakwa maphunziro agalu. Ndipo chimodzi mwa zolakwika izi ndizovuta kwambiri za ntchitoyi.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati munachita lamulo m'nyumba, ndipo tsiku lotsatira munapempha galu wanu kuti achite pamsewu waphokoso pagulu la anthu osawadziwa, magalimoto, ndi zina zambiri zokhumudwitsa, galuyo akhoza kusokonezeka kwambiri. kulitsatira.

Musanapitirire ku sitepe yotsatira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti galuyo akumvetsa ntchitoyo. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi yovuta pang'onopang'ono, magawo ofunikira a maphunziro samaphonya, ndipo njira yolimbikitsira imasankhidwa bwino, galu adzawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamaphunziro olimbikitsa olimbikitsa, komanso nthawi zonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa bwino kumagwiritsidwa ntchito njira ya "kusintha kwamphamvu"pamene malipiro saperekedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo galu sakudziwa ngati adzalandira bonasi chifukwa chokwaniritsa lamulo. Kulimbikitsa kosinthika kumakhala kothandiza kuposa kupereka mphotho pambuyo pa lamulo lililonse. Inde, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene luso lapangidwa kale, ndipo galu amamvetsetsa zomwe mukufuna kuchokera kwa iye. Izi zimatsimikiziranso kukhazikika kwa kuphedwa kwa lamulo.

Mtsutso wina wa otsutsa kulimbitsa bwino ndi "kulolera". “Galu adzakhala pakhosi!” ali okwiya. Koma kulolera ndi pamene mwiniwake sakusokoneza khalidwe la galu, ndipo amachita zomwe akufuna (akufuna - kugwira amphaka, kufuna - kuluma nsapato, ndi zina zotero). Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsana kwabwino, timaphunzitsa galuyo, kufotokozera malamulo okhalira limodzi ndikuthandizira kuti agwirizane ndi zoletsedwa zomveka, ndikuwonetsa momwe angakwaniritsire zosowa zake - timangochita mwaumunthu. Ndiko kuti, kulimbikitsana kwabwino kulibenso chochita ndi kulolera.

Kodi ubwino wa kulimbikitsa zabwino ndi chiyani?

Kulimbitsa bwino kuli ndi zabwino zingapo kuposa njira zina:

1. Galu amakhala kanthu.
2. Dog kuphunzira kuganiza, ganizirani ndipo nthawi zambiri imasonyeza zochita zofunika.
3. Zowopsa zimawonekera (kupsinjika kowononga) pophunzitsa, makalasi amabweretsa chisangalalo kwa eni ake ndi galu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulumikizana pakati pawo kumalimbikitsidwa.
4. Galu yemwe ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chogwira ntchito, "amatenga" udindo ndi zolimbikitsa chitani gawo lanu la ntchitoyo.

Zimatengera chiyani kuti mugwiritse ntchito kulimbikitsa bwino pakuphunzitsa agalu?

Kulimbitsa bwino kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi agalu onse, kotero galuyo amangofunika kukhala wathanzi kuti athe kuphunzira zonse komanso kuti adziwe luso linalake.

Kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe wasankha kugwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsa bwino pakuphunzitsa agalu, ndikofunikira:

• Kumvetsetsa, chilimbikitso ndi chiyani kwa galu wina "pano ndi pano."
• Tanthauzo mphindi yeniyeni ya chilimbikitso. Ngati, pophunzitsa galu wanu kukhala pa lamulo, mukumulimbikitsa kuimirira, mudzakhala mukumuphunzitsa kuimirira, osati kukhala.
• kuleza. Nthawi zina mumafunika kupereka mwayi kwa galu wanu kuti aganizire.
• Zotsatira. Payenera kukhala malamulo pa moyo wa galu, ndipo khalidwe la mwini wake liyenera kukhala lodziwikiratu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsana bwino lero ndikugwiritsa ntchito stranglehold kapena kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mawa, galu sangadziwe zomwe angayembekezere kuchokera kwa inu - izi zidzasokoneza kukhulupirika kwanu, ndipo simungathe kuchita bwino.