Njoka: mawonekedwe awo, moyo wawo ndi momwe angaberekere

Njoka zili m’gulu la mamba. Zina mwa izo ndi zakupha, koma zina zambiri sizowopsa. Njoka zimagwiritsa ntchito utsi posaka, koma osati podziteteza. N’zodziwikiratu kuti poizoni wa anthu ena akhoza kupha munthu. Njoka zopanda poizoni zimagwiritsa ntchito kupha nyama, kapena kumeza chakudya chonse. Pafupifupi kutalika kwa njoka ndi mita imodzi, koma pali anthu osakwana 10 centimita ndi kupitilira 6 mita.

Amagawidwa pafupifupi makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica, Ireland ndi New Zealand.

Maonekedwe

Thupi lalitali, lopanda miyendo. Kuchokera ku abuluzi opanda miyendo, njoka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wosunthika wa nsagwada, zomwe zimawathandiza kumeza chakudya chonse. Njoka nazonso lamba wosowa pamapewa.

Thupi lonse la njoka lili ndi mamba. Kumbali ya mimba, khungu limakhala losiyana kwambiri - limasinthidwa kuti likhale labwino kwambiri pamtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njokayo ikhale yosavuta kuyenda.

Kukhetsa (kusintha kwa khungu) kumachitika mu njoka kangapo pachaka m'moyo wawo wonse. Zimasintha mu mphindi imodzi ndi mu gawo limodzi. Isanasungunuke, njokayo imafunafuna malo obisika. Masomphenya a njoka pa nthawi imeneyi amakhala mitambo kwambiri. Khungu lakale limaphulika kuzungulira pakamwa ndikulekanitsa ndi wosanjikiza watsopano. Patapita masiku angapo, njokayo imayambiranso kuona, ndipo imatuluka m’mamba ake akale.

ntchafu ya nyoka zothandiza kwambiri pazifukwa zingapo:

• Maselo akale a khungu akusintha;
• Choncho njokayo imachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, nkhupakupa);
• Khungu la njoka limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu mu mankhwala kuti apange implants zopangira.

kapangidwe

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha vertebrae, chiwerengero chake chimafika 450. Mphuno ndi chifuwa palibe, pamene kumeza chakudya, nthiti za njoka zimasuntha.

Mafupa a chigaza kusuntha wachibale wina ndi mzake. Magawo awiri a nsagwada zam'munsi amalumikizana mozungulira. Dongosolo la mafupa omveka bwino limalola pakamwa kutsegulidwa kwambiri kuti athe kumeza nyama yayikulu yokwanira. Nthawi zambiri njoka zimameza nyama zomwe zimadya, zomwe zimatha kuwirikiza kangapo kukhuthala kwa thupi la njokayo.

Mano ndi owonda kwambiri komanso akuthwa. Mwa anthu akupha, nsagwada zazikulu ndi zopindika kumbuyo zimakhala pansagwada. M’mano oterowo muli njira imene, ikalumidwa, chiphe chimaloŵa m’thupi la wogwidwayo. Mu njoka zapoizoni, mano oterewa amafika kutalika kwa 5 cm.

Ziwalo zamkati

Khalani ndi mawonekedwe otalika ndi asymmetric. Mwa anthu ambiri, mapapu amanja amakula kwambiri kapena kumanzere kulibe. Njoka zina zimakhala ndi mapapo a tracheal.

Mtima uli m’thumba la mtima. Palibe diaphragm, yomwe imalola mtima kuyenda momasuka, kuthawa kuwonongeka komwe kungatheke.

ndulu ndi ndulu zimagwira ntchito kusefa magazi. Ma lymph nodes palibe.

Mphuno ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukankhira chakudya m'mimba ndikulowa m'matumbo aang'ono.

Azimayi ali ndi chipinda cha dzira chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chofungatira. Imasunga mulingo wa chinyezi m'mazira ndikuwonetsetsa kusinthana kwa mpweya wa mwana wosabadwayo.

Maganizo

• Futa

Kuti tisiyanitse fungo, lilime la mphanda limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limatumiza fungo kukamwa pakamwa kuti lifufuze. Lilime likuyenda nthawi zonse, kutenga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chilengedwe kuti tiyese. Mwanjira imeneyi, njoka imatha kuzindikira nyama ndikuzindikira malo ake. M'madzi njoka, lilime limatenga fungo tinthu ngakhale m'madzi.

• Vision

Cholinga chachikulu cha masomphenya ndikusiyanitsa kayendedwe. Ngakhale anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi chithunzi chakuthwa ndikuwona bwino mumdima.

• Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kugwedezeka

Chiwalo chokhudzidwa ndi kutentha chimakula kwambiri. Njoka zimazindikira kutentha kumene nyama zoyamwitsa zimatuluka. Anthu ena ali ndi ma thermolocators omwe amazindikira komwe akuchokera.

Kugwedezeka kwa dziko lapansi ndi mamvekedwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma frequency angapo. Ziwalo za thupi pokhudzana ndi pamwamba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwedezeka. Uwu ndi luso lina lomwe limathandiza potsata nyama kapena kuchenjeza njoka zangozi.

moyo

Njoka zimagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula gawo la Antarctica. Nthawi zambiri kumadera otentha: ku Asia, Africa, Australia ndi South America.

Kwa njoka, nyengo yotentha ndi yabwino, koma mikhalidwe imatha kukhala yosiyana - nkhalango, steppes, zipululu ndi mapiri.

Anthu ambiri amakhala pansi, koma ena adziwa bwino malo amadzi. Amatha kukhala pansi pa nthaka komanso m'mitengo.

Kukayamba kuzizira, amangogona.

Food

Njoka ndi zolusa. Amadya nyama zosiyanasiyana. Onse aang'ono ndi aakulu. Mitundu ina imakonda mtundu umodzi wokha wa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mazira a mbalame kapena nkhanu.

Anthu omwe alibe poizoni amameza nyama yamoyo kapena kuifinyira asanadye. Njoka zaululu zimagwiritsa ntchito utsi kupha.

Kubalana

Anthu ambiri amaberekana poikira mazira. Koma anthu ena ndi ovoviviparous kapena akhoza kubereka amoyo.

Kodi njoka zimabala bwanji?

Yaikazi ikuyang'ana malo osungiramo zisa omwe adzatetezedwa ku kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, kutentha ndi zilombo. Nthawi zambiri, chisa chimakhala malo ovunda azinthu zakuthupi.

Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch kuyambira 10 mpaka 100 (makamaka nsato zazikulu). Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero cha mazira sichidutsa 15. Nthawi yeniyeni yoyembekezera sichinadziwike: akazi amatha kusunga umuna wamoyo kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumadalira mikhalidwe ndi kutentha.

Makolo onse awiri amatchinjiriza zowawa, amawopseza adani ndikutenthetsa mazira ndi kutentha kwawo. Kutentha kwapamwamba kumalimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira.

Njoka za ana nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku mazira, koma mitundu ina ya njoka ndi viviparous. Ngati incubation nthawi yafupika kwambiri, ana amaswa mazira m'thupi la mayi. Izi zimatchedwa ovoviviparity. Ndipo mwa anthu ena, m'malo mwa chipolopolo, placenta imapangidwa, yomwe mwana wosabadwayo amadyetsedwa ndikudzaza ndi mpweya ndi madzi. Njoka zoterezi siziyikira mazira, zimatha kubereka ana amoyo nthawi yomweyo.

Kuyambira kubadwa, ana a njoka amakhala odziimira okha. Makolo samawateteza ndipo sawapatsa ngakhale chakudya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amapulumuka.