Nkhosa za Texel: kukoma kwa nyama, kuchuluka kwa ubweya womwe mungapeze

Pamene perestroika inayamba, ku Russia kunali nkhosa pafupifupi 64 miliyoni. Kenako chiwerengerochi chinatsika kwambiri kufika pa 19 miliyoni. Tsopano zinthu zikuyambiranso pang'onopang'ono ndipo zikukwera kale, koma ikadali nthawi yayitali kudikirira kutukuka kwakale m'derali, masiku ano kuweta nkhosa kukungowonjezereka.

Mtengo wa kilogalamu ya ubweya wa nkhosa ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 150. Mtengo pa kilogalamu ya mwanawankhosa pa msika amasinthasintha pafupifupi 300 rubles. Nyama ndi yotsika mtengo pamtengo wake, chifukwa kuti 1 kg ya ubweya ugulitse, chakudya chimafunika ka 6. Choncho, pofuna kulungamitsa mtengo woweta nkhosa za ubweya wabwino, mitengoyo iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuwirikiza kakhumi. Choncho, masiku ano oweta nkhosa atanganidwa kwambiri ndi kulima mitundu ina ya nkhosa.

Mitundu ya nyama ya ng'ombe. ambiri makhalidwe

Katswiri woweta nkhosa popanga ana ankhosa ang'onoang'ono amafuna kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa zokolola za nyama. Chofunikira ichi chimakwaniritsidwa kwathunthu ndi ubweya wa ubweya ndi nyama.

Mitundu ya nyama imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri a nyama. Chaka chonse amatha kusungidwa m'malo odyetserako ziweto, mwaye m'malo ovuta kwambiri a forage ndi zachilengedwe, amatha kusintha mosavuta. Mitundu ya nyama, malinga ndi zofunikira zodyetserako, imatha "kudyetsa" mafuta ambiri pachaka. Amakhala ndi mafuta m'munsi mwa mchira ndipo amatchedwa mafuta mchira. Mafuta oterowo ndi ofunikira kuti nyama zizikhalabe ndi moyo m’nyengo yozizira, pamene msipu uli ndi chipale chofewa kapena madzi oundana, komanso m’nyengo ya kutentha, udzu ukayaka ndi kusoŵa madzi.

Nkhosa zamtundu "Texel"

"Texel" - mtundu wakale kwambirikudziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Aroma. Dzina la mtunduwo lidawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo lidachokera ku chilumba cha Dutch cha dzina lomwelo, lomwe lidadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nyama komanso yokhwima, kuwonjezera apo, adapereka ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Oweta nkhosa adamukonda kwambiri kotero kuti adaganiza zomuwoloka ndi mtundu wa Chingerezi "Lincoln", ndipo umu ndi momwe mtundu wamakono wa texel unawonekera. Masiku ano mtundu uwu ndi umodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ku Australia, New Zealand, America - mayikowa ndi ogulitsa nyama ya mwanawankhosa padziko lonse lapansi.

Makhalidwe a nyama ya texel

Texel ndi mtundu wa ng'ombe wamba, idatchuka chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yapadera ya nyama ndipo ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pazakudya. Chachikulu chosiyanitsa mbali ya mtundu ndi mkulu zili minofu minofu mu mitembo; popha nyama, nyama yokhudzana ndi kulemera ndi 60%. Ndiwopatsa thanzi, mawonekedwe abwino, owutsa mudyo, alibe fungo lenileni la mwanawankhosa, wokhala ndi kukoma kwake kwawokha, samasiya kukoma kosasangalatsa mkamwa, ndipo zimatengera nthawi yochepa kuphika nyama.

Young nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma, zokometsera zimaitcha ngati nsangalabwi. Pamsinkhu wamkaka, gawo lalikulu la mafupa ndilotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chonse cha nyama, zokolola zakupha ndi 60%. Alibe fungo lenileni la mwanawankhosa. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zakudya zakudya, monga Taphunzira. Nyama ya mwanawankhosa imatenga nthawi yochepa kuphika kusiyana ndi nyama za nyama zina, ikatha kudya ilibe mafuta onunkhira mkamwa. Gawo lalikulu la mafuta osanjikiza limachepetsedwa kukhala osachepera. Mu ana a nkhosa, nyama imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino; zikaphikidwa, zimakhala zofewa.

Zizindikiro zakunja za mtunduwo

• Nkhosa zamtundu wa thoroughbred texel kukhala ndi thupi loyenera, khungu loyera ndi mutu waung'ono wokhala ndi mphuno yakuda. Koma malaya oyera si chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri cha mtunduwo, chifukwa ena amatha kukhala agolide, pomwe mutu ndi miyendo zimakhala zoyera. Nthawi zina mukhoza kupeza kuwala kwambiri, ngakhale bluish nkhosa, ndi mdima mitundu ya miyendo ndi mutu. Oweta nkhosa amatcha ma texel ngati "buluu".
• Zosiyana za mtunduwo ndi mphumi yopapatiza, yopapatiza komanso kusakhalapo kwa tsitsi pamutu ndi m'makutu.
• Mchira wa nyamayo ndi waung’ono komanso woonda.
• khosi lalifupi imasandulika kukhala thunthu lamphamvu.
• Miyendo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu, minofu, chiuno chachikulu - makhalidwe awa ndi opindulitsa pamene akugonjetsa mtunda wautali panthawi yothamanga mofulumira. Miyendo siili ndi tsitsi, kotero kuti minofu imawonekera bwino, makamaka pamiyendo yakumbuyo.
• Mbalame zofufuzidwa, nyanga zazing'ono zimapereka nkhosa zina. Nkhosa yachikulire imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 70, pamene nkhosa yamphongo imalemera makilogalamu 170.
• Kukula kwa nkhosa yokhwima pakufota ndi pafupifupi 85 centimita, nkhosa - 75 centimita.

Bweretsani subtypes

M'mbiri ya zaka XNUMX za kukhalapo kwa mtunduwo, oweta nkhosa ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana apanga zosintha zawo pa kuswana, kuwongolera katundu wake. Zotsatira zake zinali mawonekedwe a subtypes angapo a mtunduwu:

• Chingerezi. Nkhosa izi ndi zazitali komanso zomangidwa mwamphamvu, mwanjira zina sizimasiyana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi za mtundu wa Texel.
• Chifalansa. Mu subtype iyi, ana ankhosa amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kusasitsa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
• Chidatchi. Nkhosa zamphongo ndi nkhosa za mtundu wa Texel wokhala ndi miyendo yochepa, yokhala ndi malo otsika a thupi, imakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu komanso minofu yotukuka bwino.

Ubweya wa nkhosa

Ngakhale kuti ndi subtype, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mtunduwo unawetedwa kuti upeze nyama yapamwamba kwambiri, choncho n'zotheka kupeza pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 6 a ubweya pa kumeta ubweya wa nkhosa wamkulu, ndi zochepa pa kilogalamu imodzi kuchokera kwa nkhosa. Zinyama zimametedwa, onetsetsani kuti mudula chilichonse mpaka villi yotsiriza, zotulukapo ziyenera kukhala khungu limodzi lopanda kanthu.

Ubweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuluka masokosi ndi masitonkeni, komanso kupanga zovala zoluka, popeza kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofewa kwambiri. Ubweya wa texel ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, wowonda pang'ono wopanda zingwe zakuda, zopindika mu mphete zazikulu, zokhala ndi maziko ophatikizika, zimamamatira ndipo zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Ubweya wa ubweya umafanana ndi kalasi 56, wokhala ndi makulidwe a ulusi wa pafupifupi ma microns 30. Pakutulutsa, ubweya wochapidwa umapanga 60% ya misa yonse yometa.

Kumene adyetse, ndi ndani komanso bwanji

Musaiwale kuti nkhosa zili ng'ombe zinyama, chibadwa ichi chimakula kwambiri mwa iwo, ndipo popanda nkhosa, nkhosa sizingasokere mu khola la nkhosa, komanso zimakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri za kusungulumwa. Makhalidwewa amagwira ntchito pafupifupi nyama zonse, koma osati mtundu wa Texel. Nyama zimenezi alibe ng'ombe kumverera ndipo safuna kampani ya mtundu wawo, kumverera bwino okha. Amakhalanso omasuka kuyenda m’derali ndipo samatha kusochera, ngakhale atayenda kutali ndi famuyo. Nkhosa za Texel zimakonda kuyanjana ndi nyama zina, zomwe mitundu ina ya nkhosa, monga lamulo, siyilekerera. Ng'ombe, mbuzi ngakhalenso akavalo ndi oyandikana kwambiri ndi mtundu uwu.

Muzimva bwino msipu wamapiri, chifukwa kukonda kuthana ndi zopinga ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira kwakukulu, kotero ndi bwino kuzidyetsa kumeneko. Nkhosa zimamva bwino ngakhale zikakhala mumsewu chaka chonse, sizisowa zokhala ndi shedi. Nkhosa sizigwidwa ndi matenda, thupi lawo limakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira chomwe chimawateteza ngakhale m'malo onyowa komanso ozizira. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhosa, iyi ikhoza kudyetsedwa pamatope ndi udzu, thupi lawo limatha kuthana ndi matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka mphutsi. Osadzichepetsa, pankhani ya moyo, amapirira chisanu ndi kuzizira.

Kulera ana a nkhosa

Nyama izi wochuluka ndithu, monga lamulo, mapasa kapena katatu amawonekera mwa ana, mwanawankhosa mmodzi samabadwa kawirikawiri. Kawirikawiri, ana 180 amabadwa mu gulu la nkhosa zana, ndipo m'zaka za chonde kubadwa kwawo kumaposa mazana awiri, makamaka mapasa amabadwa. Kuchotsera kwa mtunduwo ndi kulandira mwana mmodzi yekha pachaka; ngakhale ma hormonal supplements kapena mitanda yosankha yomwe ingasinthe moyo uno. Kubereketsa nkhosa kumachitika kamodzi kokha pachaka kwa zaka zambiri.

Mwana wakhanda amalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu asanu ndi awiri, pa miyezi iwiri amalemera mpaka 25 kilogalamu, pa eyiti amalemera 50 kilogalamu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti kukula kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa ana a nkhosa mpaka miyezi itatu, amatha kupeza magalamu 400 patsiku, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwakukulu, komwe pafupifupi tsiku lililonse ndi magalamu 250, ndipo palibe zowonjezera zomwe zingasinthe. chitsanzo ichi.

Popeza ana a nkhosa amabadwa ndi kulemera kokwanira pa moyo wodziimira, akhoza kumasulidwa kuti akadye msipu tsiku lotsatira atabadwa. Mkhalidwe umenewu umakhudza zofooka zonse za mtunduwo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwapula kosowa. Ana akhanda safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma ndi bwino kuti adikire chisanu kwambiri mu khola ndi nkhosa, ayenera kuika mwanawankhosa pamenepo atangobadwa kwa masiku awiri. Kuyika kwa mwanawankhosa ndi amayi ake ndi ntchito yofunikira, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kulimbitsa chibadwa cha amayi, popeza sichikuchitikira bwino mu mtundu uwu wa nkhosa.

Crossbreeding, nkhosa

Mtundu wa texel uli ndi nthawi yachisawawa kufika mu September ndipo imatha mpaka Januware. Panthawi imeneyi, akazi onse athanzi komanso okhwima pakugonana amalowetsedwa. Ndi mimba ya autumn, kubereka kumachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nkhosa zimatha msinkhu pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, pa msinkhu uwu zimatha kubweretsedwa kale kwa woweta nkhosa. Alimi ena amadikirira mpaka chiweto chikafika chaka chimodzi, ndiyeno kukweretsa koyamba - izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse nthawi yobereketsa.

Kuwoloka kumachitika mochita kupanga komanso momasuka. Pokwerana ndi nkhosa zamitundu ina, nyama zabwino kwambiri zamtundu wa Texel zimaperekedwa ku m'badwo wamtsogolo.

Nkhosa wamba pa nthawi yoberekera sizifuna thandizo, koma monga tikudziwira kale, mtundu uwu ndi wosiyana ndi lamulo. Ana ankhosa a mtundu uwu zikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri ana akufa amabadwa, kapena amayi amamwalira. Chifukwa cha zovuta za kubereka kwa mwanawankhosa zagona pa kulemera kwakukulu kwa mwanawankhosa ndi mawonekedwe aakulu osakhazikika a mutu.

Kuti muthandize mwana wa nkhosa, muyenera kusunga madzi ofunda, chingwe ndi magolovesi, mungafunike kukoka mwanawankhosa ndi miyendo, kukoka pang'ono, kumangirira chingwe kwa iwo. Ngati mwanayo akuwonetsa mutu poyamba, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kutembenuza thupi la mwanawankhosa kuti likhale losavuta kwambiri kuti likhale lokonzekera. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kuchita popanda veterinarian, kutumiza kwa nkhosa zambiri kumatsagana ndi ntchito zapadera. Kubereketsa ana a nkhosa kumachitika usiku basi.

Aliyense amene akufuna kuweta nkhosa za Texel, kumbukirani zotsatirazi.

• Nkhosa za mtundu uwu ndi zazikulu komanso zolimba, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri;
• Makhalidwe a nkhosa ndi zizindikiro zakunja zimasiyana malinga ndi dera la kugula;
• Texel nkhosa akhoza kuwetedwa kunja kwa ng'ombe, popeza amakhala osungulumwa, amamasukanso kukhala pafupi ndi ziweto zina, osati nkhosa;
• Kubereketsa nkhosa kumachitika kamodzi pachaka, omwe akuyembekeza kuti akhumudwitsidwa, amasankha mtundu wina wa nkhosa;
• Nthawi zambiri nkhosa imabereka mapasa nthawi imodzi, ndipo ana atatu ndi enanso si zachilendo. Nkhosa yakula bwino mkaka, kotero imatha kudyetsa ana ankhosa osachepera awiri. Kubereka sikophweka, thandizo la veterinarian ndilofunika.
• Ana a nkhosa amakula msanga ndi kulemera, kufika kulemera kophedwa mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri.
• Nyama yankhosa imakhala ndi kukoma kwake, imakhala yopatsa thanzi komanso yoyenera kwa odwala matenda ashuga.