Nyerere zazikulu kwambiri 10 padziko lapansi

Nyerere zimachokera ku banja la tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'magulu akuluakulu. Iwo ali ndi castes angapo: mapiko akazi ndi amuna, antchito opanda mapiko. Nyumba zawo zimatchedwa nyerere. Amazimanga m’nthaka, pansi pa miyala, m’mitengo.

Pali mitundu yopitilira 14 ya nyerere, zina zomwe zimasiyana kukula kwake. Mitundu yopitilira 260 imapezeka m'dziko lathu. Amakhala padziko lonse lapansi kupatula Iceland, Antarctica ndi Greenland.

Nyerere zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi zimawoneka zazing'ono komanso zosafunikira kwa ife, koma udindo wawo pa moyo wa dziko lapansi ndi waukulu. Amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo towononga tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Tizilombozi timamasula ndi kuthira nthaka, kuonjezera zokolola m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha.

10 Nothomyrmecia macrops, 5-7 мм

Mmodzi mwa nyerere zakale kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Australia. Idapezeka koyamba mu 1931, yomwe idafotokozedwa mu 1934. Maulendo angapo a asayansi anayesa kupeza oimira zamoyo uno kuti aphunzire mwatsatanetsatane, koma sanathe kuchita. Iwo anapezekanso mu 1977.

Nothomyrmecia macrops amaonedwa kuti nyerere zapakatikati, kuyambira kutalika kwa 9,7 mpaka 11 mm. Ali ndi mabanja ang'onoang'ono, omwe akuphatikizapo antchito 50 mpaka 100. Amadya ma arthropods ndi zotsekemera zotsekemera za tizilombo tomwe timapanga.

Amasankha kukhala m'madera ozizira a South Australia, nkhalango za eucalyptus. Mabowo olowera zisa ndi ang'onoang'ono, osapitilira 4-6 mm mulifupi, kotero ndizovuta kuzindikira, popanda milu ndi dothi lobisika pansi pa zinyalala zamasamba.

9. Myrmecocystus, 10-13 мм

Nyerere zamtunduwu zimakhala m’madera achipululu ku United States ndi Mexico. Zitha kukhala zachikasu kapena zakuda. Iwo a mtundu wa nyerere uchi, amene gulu la ogwira ntchito ndi kotunga madzi zimam`patsa chakudya mu kutupa mbewu. Awa ndi omwe amati migolo ya nyerere.

Myrmecocystus anthu am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Amwenye a ku Mexico amagwira ndi kudya nyerere zogwira ntchito zitadzaza mimba, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti “migolo ya uchi“. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, amalephera kusuntha ndikubisala padenga la zipinda zakuya. Makulidwe - kuyambira 8-9 mm mwa amuna, mpaka 13-15 mm mwa akazi, ndipo anthu ogwira ntchito amakhala ocheperako - 4,5 - 9 mm.

8. Cephalotes, 3-14 mm

Dzina la nyerereli litha kumasuliridwa kuti “chala chamutu chathyathyathya“. Amapezeka ku South ndi Central America. Izi ndi nyerere zamatabwa, zomwe zili ndi mabanja ambiri. Iwo akhoza kuchokera angapo ogwira ntchito 10 zikwi.

Amakonda kukhazikika m'mitengo kapena zitsamba, m'njira ndi m'mabowo omwe amadyedwa ndi tizilombo tina. Ngati agwa mwangozi kuchokera panthambi, amatha kugwera pa thunthu la mbewu yomweyo. Amakhala a nyerere zosachita zaukali zomwe zimatha kukhala limodzi ndi tizilombo tina ta m'banjali.

Amadya zovunda, timadzi tokoma towonjezera maluwa, ndi mungu wobzala. Nthawi zina amapezeka pa shuga ndi mapuloteni, pa ndowe za mbalame. Cephalotes zinapezedwa ndi wasayansi wachingelezi F. Smith mu 1860.

7. Camponotus herculeanus, 10-15 mm

Mtundu uwu ndi waukulu. Iye anaitanidwa chimphona chachikulu or nyerere wa m'mawere ofiira - nkhalango. Akazi ndi amuna ndi akuda, ena onse ali ndi mutu wakuda ndi chifuwa chofiira. Chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu za Russia.

Kutalika kwa akazi kapena asitikali amafika mpaka 2 cm. Itha kupezeka pafupifupi m'nkhalango zonse za ku Europe: kuchokera kumpoto kwa Asia kupita kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Camponotus herculeanus Amamanga zisa zawo pamitengo ya spruce yodwala kapena yakufa, mlombwa, ndipo nthawi zina paini. Amadya tizilombo ndi kutolera mame. Nyerere nazonso ndi zakudya zomwe mbalame zopala nkhuni zimakonda kwambiri.

6. Camponotus vagus, 6-16 мм

Mtundu waukulu wa nyerere womwe umapezeka m'nkhalango za kumpoto kwa Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi thupi lonyezimira lakuda ndi imodzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Azimayi ndi asilikali amatha kukula mpaka 15 mm, koma kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungakhale kocheperako - kuchokera 6 mpaka 17 mm.

Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otseguka a nkhalango: m'mphepete, malo otsetsereka, nkhalango zakale zamitengo yapaini. Camponotus vagus amakonda malo owala bwino okhala ndi dothi lamchenga, amakhala pansi pa matabwa owuma, koma amapezekanso pansi pa miyala.

Nyerere zawo zili pazitsa, zotsalira zamatabwa. Pagulu limodzi, pali anthu 1 mpaka 4, opitilira 10. Izi ndi tizirombo taukali komanso zachangu zomwe zimateteza chisa chawo mwamphamvu.

5. Paraponera clavate, 28-30 mm

Mtundu wa nyerere zazikulu zotentha, zomwe dzina lake lingatanthauzidwe kukhala “bullet nyerere“. Amasiyana ndi achibale awo chifukwa ali ndi poizoni, poizoni wawo ndi wamphamvu kuposa mavu kapena njuchi.

Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ku Central ndi South America, makamaka m’nkhalango zowirira komanso zotentha. Mabanja a nyerere amakonda nkhalango za m’zigwa. parapopora clavate Choyamba chofotokozedwa ndi katswiri wa zinyama zaku Danish Johann Fabricius mu 1775. Izi ndi tizilombo ta bulauni-zakuda zomwe zimakula mpaka 18-25 mm. M'banja limodzi kuchokera ku 1 zikwi mpaka 2,5 zikwi ogwira ntchito.

Nyerere za dothi zili m’munsi mwa mitengo. Pali pafupifupi gulu limodzi la nyererezi pa mahekitala anayi a nkhalango. Amadya arthropods, timadzi tokoma, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu korona. Ali ndi mbola yayitali (mpaka 1 mm) ndi poizoni wamphamvu. Ululu ukalumidwa umamveka masana, ndiye kuti kachilomboka kamatchedwanso “nyerere - 24 hours".

4. Dorylus nigricans 9-30 mm

M’madera otentha a mu Afirika, m’dera la nkhalango, mumatha kuona nyerere za mtundu umenewu. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwawo: ogwira ntchito - kuchokera 2,5 mpaka 9 mm, asilikali - mpaka 13 mm, amuna - 30 mm, ndi akazi - 50 mm.

M’banja limodzi Dorylus nigricans - mpaka anthu 20 miliyoni. Uwu ndi mtundu wolusa kwambiri womwe umadya nyama zakuthengo zamoyo ndi zakufa, ndipo zimatha kupha nyama zokwawa komanso zamoyo zam'madzi.

Alibe zisa zachikhalire. Masana amasamuka, ndipo usiku amapeza malo osakhalitsa. Mzere woyendayenda ukhoza kufika mamita makumi angapo. Ngati pali zopinga panjira, amapanga "milatho" kuchokera ku matupi awo.

3. Camponotus gigas, 18-31 mm

Uwu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha za Thailand, Indonesia, ndi Malaysia. Kukula kumatengera mtundu wa munthu. Ang'onoang'ono ndi amuna, kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 mm, ogwira ntchito ndi aakulu pang'ono - kuchokera 19 mpaka 22 mm, asilikali - 28 -30 mm, ndi mfumukazi - kuchokera 30 mpaka 31 mm.

Camponotus gigas mtundu wakuda. Amadya mame ndi shuga, zipatso, tizilombo, ndi mbewu zina. Zochita zimawonetsedwa usiku, nthawi zina - masana. Amamanga zisa pansi, m'munsi mwa mitengo, nthawi zina m'mitengo yovunda.

2. Dinoporera, 20-40 mm

M’nkhalango zotentha za ku Peru, ku Brazil, nyerere zakuda zonyezimirazi ndizofala kwambiri. M’banja limodzi Dinoporera anthu khumi ndi awiri, nthawi zina - oposa 100.

Amadya nyama zakufa, mbewu, zipatso zokoma, ndipo amatha kuphatikizira abuluzi, achule, ndi anapiye muzakudya zawo.

Iwo zisa mu nthaka. Nyerere zowopsya zikawona zoopsa, zimakonda kubisala. Ngati anthu ochokera ku zisa zosiyanasiyana akumana, pakhoza kukhala ndewu "zowonetsera", koma nthawi zambiri safika pa ndewu zakuthupi, makamaka zakupha.

1. Myrmecia pavida, 30-40 mm

Amatchedwa "nyerere za bulldog“. Amakhala ku Western Australia, nthawi zina amapezeka ku South Australia. Kawirikawiri wofiira kapena wofiira-bulauni, lalanje, wakuda, wowala, nthawi yomweyo amakhudza.

Amadya tizilombo ndi zotsekemera zotsekemera. Zisa zimamangidwa pamalo owuma, pansi. Amakhala ndi mbola komanso poizoni yemwe ndi wowopsa, kuphatikiza anthu. Ngati a Myrmecia anachita mantha kuluma, kungayambitse anaphylactic mantha. Mu koloni - mpaka mazana angapo anthu.