Mitundu ya Zomera za Aquarium
Zomera zambiri zam'madzi zomwe timakonda kuchita nazo m'madzi am'madzi ndi "zam'madzi achiwiri", ndiko kuti, m'kati mwa chisinthiko zidabwereranso m'madzi kuchokera mumlengalenga. Pachifukwa ichi, Mitundu ya Zomera za Aquarium ndizofanana ndi zoyamwitsa zam'madzi (nangumi ndi zisindikizo): ngati algae (monga nsomba) sanachoke m'madzi, ndiye kuti zomera zapamwamba zam'madzi (monga cetaceans) zimabwerera ku chitonthozo ndi kukhazikika kwa "kuyambira moyo." ", atapanga mtundu wa "ulendo wachisinthiko" Β» kunja kwake. Kubwereranso kwa zomera zam'madzi zapamwamba kwambiri ku chilengedwe cha m'madzi kunachitika posachedwapa, kuchokera kumalo a paleontology, pambuyo pa kulekana kwa makontinenti ndi mapangidwe amakono a biogeographic isolates.
Izi zikufotokozera zitsanzo zambiri zachitukuko chofananira (mosiyana ndi homologous) chomwe chimatsogolera ku mapangidwe amitundu yofananira modabwitsa, yokhala ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana komanso madongosolo. Zitsanzo zakale ndi kabomba (por. Lily-flowered) ndi ambulia (por. Lavender), kapena saggitaria, mtundu umodzi womwe ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi Vallisneria, ndi wina ndi dwarf Echinodorus tennelus, ndipo zomera zonsezi ndi za mabanja osiyanasiyana.
Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopanda tanthauzo kuchokera kumalingaliro a aquarists othandiza komanso okongoletsera kuti agawire zomera zam'madzi motsatira ndondomeko ya botanical taxonomy. M'malo mwake, popanga malo osungiramo chipinda, m'madzi nthawi zambiri safunikira kudziwa yemwe ali patsogolo pake - saggitaria yaying'ono kapena echinodorus yachifundo, monosolenium liverwort kapena lomariopsis fern, Ludwigia "Cuba" kapena Eusteralis, ngati mbewu izi zikuwoneka bwino. mofanana, kukula chimodzimodzi ndi amafuna zili zinthu zofanana. Izi zapangitsa kuti mu aquarists ndi chizolowezi (kupatulapo kawirikawiri) kusalabadira momwe zomera zimakhalira, koma kuzigawa m'magulu malinga ndi maonekedwe awo, kukula kwake, ndi chilengedwe cha chilengedwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. biotope. Inde, pali zosiyana ndi lamulo ili: mwachitsanzo,
Kuzungulira kwa zolemba zazomera za aquarium, zomwe tidayamba kukudziwitsani chaka chapitacho ndipo tidzapitilirabe mtsogolo, zimamangidwa molingana ndi gulu ili, lachikhalidwe cha aquarism. Malingana ndi izo, zomera zonse zam'madzi zimagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
Mndandanda wa Mitundu Yonse ya Zomera za Aquarium
1. Zomera zophimba pansi zapatsogolo
Gululi limaphatikizapo zomera zonse zazing'ono zam'madzi zomwe zimamera pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo pokhala ndi zakudya zokwanira komanso kuunikira, sizimakonda "kudumpha" pamwamba pa madzi. Zomera zambiri za gululi zimakhala zam'madzi kwathunthu, zimakula m'mikhalidwe yomizidwa kwathunthu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zina zilibe mawonekedwe (mpweya) konse. Pamikhalidwe yabwino, amapanga mateti okongola ndi zoyera, zomwe pamapeto pake zimaphimba pansi pamtunda wa aquarium, osakhala ndi zomera zina
2. Rosette ndi zomera zazifupi-rhizome za ndondomeko yapakati
Ili ndilo gulu lodziwika komanso lodziwika bwino la zomera zam'madzi. Pafupifupi onse cryptocorynes , echinodorus , nymphs , ambiri anubias , aponogetons , krinums, angapo bucephalandras, etc. akhoza kutchulidwa. Zomera zokhala ndi ma rosette akulu okhala ndi masamba ambiri zimawoneka bwino pakatikati pa aquarium, kukopa chidwi ndikukonza mapangidwe ozungulira iwo. Zomera zazing'ono, monga lamulo, zimaberekana bwino ndi mphukira zoyambira, stolons kapena masamba a rhizome, kenako zimapanga magulu owoneka bwino pakatikati pa aquarium.
Payokha, m'gulu la zomera za rosette, munthu ayenera kusankha nymphaeal, dzira-pod ndi zomera zofananira, zomwe ali wamng'ono amapanga rosette yokongola ya masamba oyandama apansi pamadzi, komabe, pa mwayi wochepa, amamasula masamba oyandama nthawi yomweyo. ma petioles aatali, akugwedeza aquarium, makamaka ambiri asanayambe komanso maluwa. Ena a iwo, malinga ndi "khalidwe" lawo, akhoza kukhala a gulu lachisanu ndi chitatu - "zomera zam'madzi ndi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja", mwachitsanzo, lotus, zomwe, zitayandama, zimamasula masamba obiriwira, obiriwira, ndipo kenako amayamba kuphuka. pachimake.
3. Zomera za rosette zazitali zam'mbuyo
Ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe ili m'gululi, koma imayenera kukhala yosiyana siyana chifukwa cha makhalidwe a biology. Izi ndi zomera za rosette zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba aatali kwambiri, ngati riboni omwe amafika mofulumira pamwamba pa madzi. Zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi zokwawa zimayambira-stolons, zomwe zomera zatsopano zimapangidwira, mitundu iyi m'kanthawi kochepa imatha kupanga khoma lokongola kwambiri kumbuyo kwa aquarium, ndipo popanda chisamaliro choyenera, imatha kudzaza theka la voliyumu. . Choyamba, izi ndi mitundu yonse ya vallisneria (wamba, spiral, twist-leved, giant, etc.), mitundu yayitali ya saggitaria, mitundu ina ya cryptocorynes ndi aponogeton.
4. Zomera zakumbuyo zazitali
Ili mwina ndiye gulu lambiri komanso lofala kwambiri la zomera zam'madzi zomwe zimabzalidwa m'madzi am'madzi. Amagwirizana ndi maonekedwe awo - zimayambira zowongoka zolunjika pamwamba, pomwe masamba amakhala mosinthana kapena mosiyana. Mawonekedwe a masambawa akhoza kukhala pafupifupi chirichonse - kuchokera ku pinnate, monga ambulia ndi cabomb, mpaka "burdocks", monga hygrophila "nomafila", kuchokera kuzungulira, monga bacopa, mpaka kuonda ndi riboni, monga pogestemon. "octopus", kuchokera ku zolimba ndi pafupifupi prickly mpaka ofewa ndi translucent. Mtundu wa masamba a tsinde lalitali umakhalanso wosiyana kwambiri - kuchokera ku zobiriwira zobiriwira mpaka maroon. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yosiyana siyana ya zomera zazitali zomwe zimakhala maziko a zakale kwambiri komanso mpaka posachedwapa kalembedwe kameneka kameneka kamene kamakhala kotchuka kwambiri kamene kalikonse kamene kamabzalidwa m'madzi - "Dutch".
5. Zomera zomata kapena zokongoletsa malo
Chodziwika bwino cha gulu ili la zomera, chomwe chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri popanga zokongoletsera, ndi kuthekera kwawo kulumikiza mwachangu komanso molimba mothandizidwa ndi mizu kapena ma rhizoid ku gawo laling'ono lothandizira - snags, miyala, zoumba zokongoletsera - ndikukula mokongola. izo pamwamba. Kuphatikiza pa mosses ya aquarium, pafupifupi onse omwe ali ndi katundu uyu, mitundu yapakatikati ya anubias, fern ya Thai, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Bucephalandra, ndi zina zotero. Zomera zoterezi ndizofala kwambiri m'madzi amasiku ano, ndipo chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwawo kwakukulu ndi otchuka kwambiri .
6. Zomera zoyandama m'madzi
Pali mitundu ingapo yotere yomwe ilibe kapena pafupifupi palibe mizu ndipo imakhala yoyandama nthawi zonse. Choyamba, iyi ndi mitundu yonse itatu ya nkhandwe zomwe zimapezeka pachikhalidwe, Guadalupe nyas (kapena nyas microdon), mitundu ina ya pemphigus ndi liworts, komanso duckweed wamitundu itatu. Nthawi zambiri zomera zoyandama zaulere zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha kosinthika komanso koyipa, chifukwa chake ambiri aiwo (mwachitsanzo, hornwort ndi nyas) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyambira poyambira aquarium yatsopano, komanso zomera "zochiritsa". kwa kuphulika kwa green algae. : Ndi kukula kwawo kofulumira komanso kudyetsa mwachangu, amatha kupikisana ndi algae wobiriwira pazakudya zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi.
7. Zomera zoyandama pamwamba pa madzi
Gulu lalikululi likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomera zomwe zili ndi masamba a hydrophilic oyandama pansi (limnobiums, duckweeds, riccia, pemphigus, etc.) ndi zomera zomwe zili ndi masamba a hydrophobic pamwamba (pistia, eichornia, salvinia, etc. .). Kugawanikaku kumakhala kokhazikika: mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe oyandama a ceratopteris fern amatha kutulutsa masamba onse a hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic, pomwe Riccia ndi pemphigus, zomwe zimayandama pansi, zimakula ndikukwera pamwamba pamadzi kupita mumlengalenga. Mu aquarism, zomera zoyandama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, choyamba, popanga mthunzi wa zigawo zina za aquarium (mwachitsanzo, pa anubias omwe sakonda kuwala kwamphamvu), ndipo kachiwiri, ngati gawo lapansi la mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Komanso, Magulu a mizu atapachikidwa m'madzi, mwachitsanzo.
8. Zomera zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'madzi
Kunena zowona, mbewu zambiri zomwe zimabzalidwa m'madzi am'madzi zitha kuphatikizidwa mgululi. Zochepa mwa izo ndi zomera zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, sizingapite "pamtunda" (kukwera pamwamba pa madzi) ndipo zilibe mawonekedwe (mpweya) (omwe, mwa njira, zomera zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri submers, pansi pa madzi). Kusintha kwa zomera zam'madzi zachiwiri kupita ku moyo wapansi pamadzi kunali, monga lamulo, kusintha kwa kusefukira kwa nthawi ndi nthawi pakusintha kwa nyengo. Mitundu yambiri yam'mphepete mwa nyanja yam'madzi imakhala pansi pamadzi kwa milungu ingapo (kapena kwa miyezi ingapo), ndipo imauma kwa nthawi yonseyi. Zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja (monga anubias, cryptocorynes, echinodorus, etc.) zapanga kusintha kwapadera komwe kumawathandiza kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo ndikukula ngati pansi pa madzi,
Komabe, sitikuwaphatikiza mu gulu ili (kupanda kutero zikanakhala zofunikira kulowa theka labwino la assortment yonse pano), koma zomera zokhazo zomwe zimakhala mwangwiro mu mawonekedwe a madzi osefukira ("mapazi m'madzi, mutu pa). land"), koma sangathe kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwa njira, zaka 100-150 zapitazo, kumayambiriro kwa aquarism, panali zomera zambiri mu chikhalidwe. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana zojambula zakale ndi zojambula zakale ndi zam'madzi kuti muwone kuti zidakongoletsedwa ndi madambo apamwamba monga Cyperus papyrus, Chastuha plantain, calla, arrowhead, sedges zosiyanasiyana, mabango, cattails, telorez, tradescantia, calamus (acorus) ndi ngakhale mpunga wakuthengo. Masiku ano, zomera zonsezi ndizosowa mu chikhalidwe cha aquarium, ndipo zimakula makamaka ndi okonda aquapaludarium.
9. Aquarium mosses ndi chiwindi
MwachizoloΕ΅ezi, moss wam'madzi amagawidwa ngati gulu lapadera la zomera za aquarium chifukwa cha zosiyana za biology yawo. Pafupifupi onsewo, mothandizidwa ndi ma rhizoid, amamangiriridwa ku gawo lapansi (miyala, nsabwe, nthaka, ena ngakhale magalasi!) Ma mosses ena (fontinalis gulu) amamangiriridwa pamwala pokhapokha kumapeto kwa tsinde (thallus), pomwe mbewu yonse ili m'madzi. Koma moss ambiri amakwawira pa gawo lapansi, ndikulitembenuza. Gulu lomwelo limaphatikizapo chiwindi (monosolenium, riccardia, mitundu ya pansi ya riccia, etc.), komanso Lomariopsis fern, pafupifupi osadziwika bwino ndi chiwindi. Zilonda zam'mimba, mosiyana ndi mosses, mwina zilibe ma rhizoid, kapena kupanga ma rhizoid ofooka kwambiri omwe sagwira bwino gawo lapansi, koma kuipa kumeneku kumalipidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ya monosolenium thallus, lomariopsis, ndi zina zotero, kotero kuti ngakhale popanda kulumikizidwa amapanga khushoni lodabwitsa pansi. Makatani oterowo amawoneka ochititsa chidwi makamaka pamene zomera zam'madzi zimamera kupyolera mwa iwo - saggitaria ndi cryptocorynes.
10. Zomera zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe m'gulu lililonse
Zachidziwikire, si mbewu zonse zomwe zimamera m'madzi athu am'madzi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi gululi. Chilengedwe nthawi zonse chimakhala cholemera komanso chosiyana kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira, ndipo ndithudi mu chikhalidwe pali zamoyo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi magulu aliwonse.
Mitundu ya Zomera za Aquarium - Kanema
