Kumene akamba amakhala: malo okhala panyanja ndi akamba kuthengo

Akamba amakhala m'makontinenti ndi m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amawasambitsa, komanso m'nyanja yotseguka. Malo ogawa nyamazi ndi aakulu kwambiri - amapezeka paliponse pamtunda ndi m'nyanja, kupatulapo gombe la Antarctica ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Eurasia. Chifukwa chake, pamapu, gawo lomwe mukukhalamo likhoza kuimiridwa ngati mzere waukulu kuchokera pafupifupi madigiri 55 kumpoto mpaka madigiri 45 kumwera.

Malire osiyanasiyana

Kutengera komwe akamba amapezeka, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Marine - malo awo okhala ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri: awa ndi madzi am'nyanja.
2. Ground - nawonso agawidwa m'magulu awiri:

a. Zapadziko - Amakhala pamtunda wokha.

b. Madzi abwino - amakhala m'madzi (mitsinje, nyanja, maiwe, mathithi).

Kwenikweni, akamba ndi nyama zokonda kutentha, kotero zimakhala zofala kumadera a equatorial, otentha komanso otentha. Amapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Zinyama zimakhala m'mayiko ambiri:

• mu Africa, akamba amapezeka kulikonse;
• kudera la North America, amafalitsidwa makamaka ku USA ndi mayiko a lamba equatorial;
• ku South America - m'mayiko onse kupatula Chile ndi kum'mwera kwa Argentina;
• ku Eurasia kulikonse, kupatulapo Great Britain, Scandinavia, ambiri a Russia, China ndi Arabia Peninsula;
• ku Australia kulikonse, kupatula gawo lapakati la dzikolo ndi New Zealand.

Kunyumba, nyamazi zimabzalidwa kulikonse: kamba amakhala ku kontinenti iliyonse ali mu ukapolo, malinga ngati kutentha kwabwino, chinyezi ndi zakudya zimaperekedwa. Komabe, nthawi ya moyo kunyumba nthawi zonse imakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi chilengedwe.

Malo okhala akamba

Banja la akamba akumtunda limaphatikizapo mitundu 57. Pafupifupi onse ali m'malo otseguka okhala ndi nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha - izi ndi:

• Africa;
• Asia;
• Kumwera kwa Ulaya;
• North, Central ndi South America.

Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhazikika m'mapiri, m'zipululu, m'madambo kapena m'masavannah. Mitundu ina imakonda malo achinyezi, amthunzi - imakhazikika m'nkhalango zotentha. Akamba amakonda nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. Poyamba, amawona bwino nyengo ndikupita ku hibernation m'nyengo yozizira. Chachiwiri, zokwawa zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi ndipo sizikonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Ena oimira akamba akumtunda ndi awa:

Kamba wamba wamba, yemwe nthawi zambiri amawetedwa ku Russia kunyumba, ndi mitundu yaku Central Asia. M’chilengedwe, akamba akumtundawa amakhala m’zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Middle Asia;
• madera akummwera kwa Kazakhstan;
• zigawo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran;
• India ndi Pakistan;
• Afghanistan.

Zimapezeka makamaka m'mapiri, koma kamba wa ku Central Asia amapezeka ngakhale m'mapiri pamtunda wa makilomita oposa 1. Ngakhale kufalikira kwakukulu kwa zokwawa izi, posachedwapa zakhala zikuzunzidwa ndi nyamakazi, choncho zalembedwa kale mu Red Book.

Mitundu yambiri ya akamba am'madzi

Akambawa m'chilengedwe amakhala m'madzi amadzi opanda mchere omwe ali ndi madzi oyera - m'mitsinje, nyanja kapena maiwe. M'banja lamadzi am'madzi, pali mitundu 77 ya akamba osiyanasiyana kukula kwake kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati. Ndi amphibians enieni, chifukwa amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali osati m'madzi okha, komanso pamtunda. Akamba otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

Kambayo amakhala ku Central ndi Southern Europe, Mediterranean ndi North Africa. Imapezekanso ku Russia - zigawo za North Caucasus ndi Crimea. Amakonda mitsinje ing'onoing'ono ndi nyanja zabata, madzi akumbuyo okhala ndi matope pansi, komwe mungathe kukumba m'nyengo yozizira. Iyi ndi nyama yokonda kutentha yomwe imakhala m'madzi osazizira kwambiri. Kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, chokwawa chimakhalabe chogwira ntchito chaka chonse.

Akamba okhala ndi makutu ofiira amakhala m'chilengedwe ku North ndi South America:

• NTCHITO;
• Canada;
• mayiko a equatorial lamba;
• kumpoto kwa Venezuela;
• Colombia

Mitundu ya Cayman imakhalanso ku USA komanso kumalire akumwera kwa Canada, ndipo chokwawa ichi sichipezeka m'madera ena. Kamba wopakidwa utoto amakhala m’dera lomwelo.

Kodi akamba akunyanja amakhala kuti

Kamba wam'nyanja amakhala m'madzi amchere a m'nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi - m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nyanja. Banja ili lili ndi mitundu ingapo, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi akamba:

Malo omwe amakhalapo kwambiri ndikutsuka nyanja zam'nyanja zotentha komanso zilumba zomwe zili paokha. Nthawi zambiri akamba am'nyanja amakhala m'malo ofunda ofunda kapena m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Iwo, monga mitundu yamadzi am'madzi, amathera nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo m'madzi. Komabe, zimabwera kumtunda chaka chilichonse kudzaikira mazira m’mphepete mwa nyanja zamchenga.

Kamba wobiriwira (wotchedwanso soup turtle) amakhala kumadera otentha ndi kumadera otentha m'nyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic. Uwu ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri - munthu amafika kutalika kwa 1,5 m, ndi kulemera kwa 500 kg. Popeza kuti kamba ka m’nyanja kameneka kamakhala kaŵirikaŵiri kumadutsana ndi kumene anthu amakhala, amasakasaka kuti apeze nyama yokoma. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kusaka nyamayi ndikoletsedwa pafupifupi m'maiko onse.

Akamba amakhala m'madera ambiri achilengedwe, kupatulapo tundra ndi taiga. M'mphepete mwa mapiri amapezeka pamtunda wa 1-1,5 km, pansi pa nyanja, sakhala wamba. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi pamwamba kuti azitha kupeza mpweya nthawi zonse. Popeza izi ndi zokwawa zokonda kutentha, chomwe chimalepheretsa kugawa kwawo ndikutentha. Choncho, mu nyengo yovuta ya Russia ndi mayiko ena kumpoto, nthawi zambiri angapezeke mu ukapolo.