Ndani adaweta nkhunda ndi zolinga zomwe mbalame zapadziko lapansi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kwa nthawi yaitali zakhazikika m'maganizo a anthu kuti nkhunda ndi mbalame yoimira mtendere, chisangalalo, chikondi. Sizopanda pake kuti mwambo woyambitsa nkhunda kumwamba, womwe umaimira tsogolo losangalatsa la banja laling'ono, ukukhala wotchuka kwambiri paukwati.

Mbiri ya zoweta

Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale, nkhunda zoweta zoyamba zinaonekera ku Igupto. Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti anawetedwa ndi Asumeriya akale. Baibulo la Aigupto likuwonetsedwa ndi zojambula zomwe zinasiyidwa ndi chitukuko chakale, zamasiku zaka zikwi zisanu BC.

M’mbiri ya anthu a ku Sumeriya, kutchulidwa kwa nkhunda kunapezeka pamapiritsi a cuneiform a ku Sumerian olembedwa pafupifupi 4500 BC.

Kodi nkhunda zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Choncho mukhoza kusankha njira zingapo zimene mbalame imeneyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale.

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo yachipembedzo monga nsembe.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amithenga a positi.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha ubwino wa kuwala kwa dziko lachisangalalo.

Anthu akale opezeka mbalamezi kudzichepetsa kwa zinthu m'ndende, chonde chonde ndi chokoma nyama. Choncho, pa gawo loyamba, mbalameyi inkadyedwa. Gawo lotsatira la ubale ndi mbalameyi linayambika m'mafuko a Sumerian. Iwo anakulirapo kuti apereke nsembe zamwambo. Anali anthu akale a ku Sumer omwe anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mbalamezi ngati ma postman. Ndiyeno Aiguputo anayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito mofanana pamene ankayenda panyanja.

Kenako mbalamezi adakondedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo adakhala wodziwika bwino. Ku Babulo ndi ku Asuri, anaŵetedwa nkhunda zoyera ngati chipale chofeŵa, zomwe zinkaonedwa kukhala thupi la padziko lapansi la mulungu wamkazi wa chikondi, Astarte. Pakati pa Agiriki akale, mbalameyi yokhala ndi nthambi ya azitona m’kamwa mwake inaimira mtendere. Anthu a Kum’maŵa Akale ankakhulupirira kuti nkhunda imaimira moyo wautali. Mu Chikhristu, nkhunda inayamba kuimira Mzimu Woyera.

Mawu akuti “Nkhunda ndiyo mbalame yamtendere” anakhala ndi tanthauzo padziko lonse pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, pamene mbalame yoyera yokhala ndi nthambi ya kanjedza inasankhidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha Msonkhano wa Mtendere mu 1949.

Nkhondo ndi nkhunda

Popeza adatengera zomwe anthu akale adakumana nazo pankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi, Nkhondo Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, nkhunda zinayambitsidwanso ku bizinesi ya positi. Kupanda ungwiro kwa zipangizo zamakono zoyankhulirana za m’zaka zimenezo kunatikakamiza kukumbukira njira yakale ndi yotsimikizirika imeneyi.

Inde, nkhunda anapulumutsa miyoyo zikwizikwi, kufikitsa uthengawo mwamsanga kumene ukupita. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma positi oterowo unali woonekeratu. Mbalameyo sinafunikire chisamaliro chapadera ndi ndalama zothandizira. Zinali zosaoneka m'dera la adani, zimakhala zovuta kukayikira mdani wolumikizana ndi mbalame wambayi. Adapereka mauthenga, ndikusankha njira yayifupi kwambiri yopita ku cholinga, ndipo aliyense amadziwa kuti pankhondo, kuchedwa kuli ngati imfa.

Kodi nkhunda imakhala ndi malo otani masiku ano

Panthawi imeneyi ya ubale wa nkhunda ndi munthu, mbalameyi yatenga malo osalowerera ndale. Pakali pano Musadye, musagwiritse ntchito miyambo yachipembedzo, musatumize ndi makalata. Yataya tanthauzo lake lonse ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta zokongoletsera zokha.

M'mizinda yamakono, njiwa zimasonkhana m'magulumagulu ndipo, monga lamulo, zimakonda kuwulukira kumalo apakati, kumene amadyetsedwa ndi anthu a m'tauni ndi alendo a mzindawo. Ku Ulaya, madera angapo adziwika kale omwe ndi ovuta kuwalingalira popanda gulu la nkhunda zoweta.

Mwachitsanzo, mumzinda wa St. Mark’s Square womwe umadziwika kuti ndi mzinda wachikondi kwambiri wa ku Venice, anthu ambirimbiri aamuna ndi aakazi akhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali komanso kwa nthawi yaitali. Tsopano akhala chizindikiro cha bwalo lalikululi, ndipo alendo onse amayesa kudyetsa mbalame ndi manja awo ndikujambula nthawi yokumbukira, ndi kamera kapena kanema kamera.

Maukwati ambiri tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ichi cha chiyero, chisangalalo, moyo wabwino, kumasula, monga lamulo, oimira oyera a banja la nkhunda pambuyo pa mwambo waukwati. Zophatikiza chovala chamkwatibwi woyera ndi nkhunda yoyera m'manja amawoneka okhudza kwambiri ndipo sangachoke osayanjanitsika.

N'zosatheka kuti musazindikire mbali imodzi ya mbalameyi, yomwe imapindula ndi kuvulaza nthawi imodzi. Ndi za chimbudzi cha mbalame. Kumbali ina, chinthu cha organic ichi chadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa feteleza wabwino kwambiri pazakudya zamasamba. Kumbali ina, podzaza mizinda ndikutenga malo owoneka bwino, zolengedwa zamapikozi zimasiya mawonekedwe awo kulikonse. M'mizinda ina, izi zakhala tsoka lenileni, lomwe akuyesera m'njira iliyonse kuti amenyane.

Kuswana anthu okongoletsa

Popeza kukongola kwa nkhunda sikusiya ambiri osayanjanitsika, pali okonda ambiri omwe amabala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhunda zokongoletsera.

Kawirikawiri amaŵetedwa mtundu umodzi kapena zingapo pazaka zambiri. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa mizere iwiri yoswana.

• Kuwoloka. Monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumaphatikizapo kusankha kuti mukwaniritse mikhalidwe ina iliyonse pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Purebred. Ndipo kuswana koyera ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupititsa patsogolo mtunduwo mwa kupha anthu omwe si abwino ndikudutsa oimira abwino kwambiri amtunduwu.

Oimira okongola kwambiri amtunduwu amatengedwa nthawi zonse kumawonetsero, komwe amawunikidwa molingana ndi magawo okhazikitsidwa.

Pakadali pano pali osati mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ambiri a iwo amangofanana momvekera bwino ndi makolo awo.

Motero, kusintha kwa maunansi ogula pakati pa munthu ndi njiwa kwalowa m’gawo la ubale wabwino ndi waulemu. Anthu anazindikira mbalame yokongola imeneyi kukhala chizindikiro cha mtendere ndi chisangalalo.