10 zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zomwe zakhalapo mpaka lero

Ana onse aubwana amakonda mabuku okhudza ma dinosaur ndi nyama zakale. Ndi mkwatulo, akuyembekezera makolo awo kuti awatengere ku chionetsero cha prototypes yokumba amene anakhala moyo - pambuyo pa zonse, uwu ndi mwayi kukhudza mbiri ya dziko lathu lapansi monga analili mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo. Ndipo osati ana okha, komanso akuluakulu amalota kuti achite nawo zofukulidwa zakale ndi paleontological.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti sikoyenera kupita patali - maloto amatha kukwaniritsidwa. Zolengedwa “zakufa,” zomwe zaka zawo ndi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zikukhalabe padziko lapansi. Ngati mukhala anzeru, mutha kuziwona mosavuta paulendo wanu wamaphunziro.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti ngakhale ma agarics owopsa a ntchentche akhala akukhala padziko lapansi kwazaka zopitilira 100 miliyoni? Ndipo ng’ona, kwenikweni, ndi ma<em>dinosaur omwewo omwe ali kale ndi zaka 83 miliyoni.

Lero takonzekera ndemanga za anthu 10 akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe mungathe kuwona (ndipo nthawi zina amakhudza) popanda zovuta.

10 Ant Martialis heureka - zaka 120 miliyoni zapitazo

Nyerere yolimbikira ntchitoyo inayamba ulendo wake wapadziko lapansi kalekale ndipo inapulumuka mozizwitsa. Asayansi apeza mu utomoni ndi miyala ina ya mtundu womwewo wa proto-ant Martialis heureka, womwe wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 120 miliyoni.

Nthawi zambiri tizilombo timakhala mobisa, komwe timayenda momasuka chifukwa cha dongosolo la malo (lilibe diso). M'litali, nyerere si upambana 2-3 mm, koma, monga tikuonera, ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndi kupirira. Inatsegulidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2008.

9. Shark Wokazinga - zaka 150 miliyoni zapitazo

Sizopanda kanthu kuti woimira zamoyoyo samawoneka ngati achibale ake amakono - chinachake cha asymmetrically prehistoric chinakhalabe mu maonekedwe ake. Nsomba yokazinga imakhala pansi pamadzi ozizira (kilomita imodzi ndi theka pansi pa madzi), kotero sizinapezeke nthawi yomweyo. Mwina ndichifukwa chake adatha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 150 miliyoni. Kunja, shaki imawoneka ngati nsonga yeniyeni kusiyana ndi shaki yodziwika bwino.

8. Sturgeon - zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo

Onse akuluakulu ndi ana amakonda kudya nsomba za sturgeon ndi caviar. Koma anthu ochepa adatsata mbiri yamtunduwu - imakhazikika pa kauntala, zikhale choncho. Komabe, asanasankhidwe ndi akatswiri azaphikidwe, sturgeon idadutsa pamadzi kwa zaka zopitilira 200 miliyoni.

Ndipo tsopano, monga momwe tikukumbukira, nsomba zawo ziyenera kukhala zochepa, apo ayi oimira akale adzafa pang'onopang'ono. Pakadapanda ntchito zachuma za anthu, mdima ukadabala ma sturgeons, chifukwa nsombayi imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zana limodzi.

7. Shield - zaka 220 miliyoni zapitazo

Cholengedwa choseketsa komanso nthawi yomweyo chonyansa - woimira wakale kwambiri wamadera amadzi amchere. Chishango ndi cholengedwa cha maso atatu, momwe diso lachitatu la naupliar limapangidwira kusankhana ndi malo mumdima ndi kuwala.

Zishango zoyamba zidawoneka zaka 220-230 zapitazo, ndipo tsopano zili pafupi kutha. Panthawiyi, asintha pang'ono maonekedwe - achepa pang'ono. Oimira akuluakulu adafika kutalika kwa masentimita 11, ndipo ang'onoang'ono sanapitirire 2. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kudya anthu ndi khalidwe la zamoyo pa nthawi ya njala.

6. Lamprey - zaka 360 miliyoni zapitazo

Nyali yachindunji komanso yonyansa kunja imadutsa m'madzi kwa zaka zosachepera 360 miliyoni. Nsomba zoterera zoterera, zomwe zimakumbukira chiwombankhanga, zimatsegula pakamwa pake pachiwopsezo, pomwe mucosa yonse (kuphatikiza pharynx, lilime ndi milomo) imakhala ndi mano akuthwa.

Lamprey adawonekera m'nthawi ya Paleozoic ndipo adasinthidwa bwino ndi madzi abwino komanso amchere. Ndi parasite.

5. Latimeria - zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo

Nsomba zakale kwambiri ndizosowa kwenikweni pakusodza mwachisawawa kwa asodzi. Kwa zaka zambiri, nsomba ya coeliant imeneyi inali kuonedwa kuti yatha, koma mu 1938, mosangalala asayansi, cholengedwa choyamba chamoyo chinapezeka, ndipo patapita zaka 60, chachiwiri.

Masiku ano nsomba zakufa zakale za zaka 400 miliyoni zakhalapo sizinasinthe. Coelacanth ya crossfinned ili ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Africa ndi Indonesia. Ili pafupi kutha, ndiye kuti nsomba zake zimatsutsidwa ndi lamulo.

4. Nkhanu ya Horseshoe - zaka 445 miliyoni zapitazo

Kodi mumadziwa kuti nkhanu yamkuntho ndi “nkhalamba” yeniyeni ya m’madzi? Yakhala padziko lapansi kwa zaka zoposa 440 miliyoni, ndipo izi zaposa mitengo yambiri yakale. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, cholengedwa chimene chinapulumukacho sichinasinthe maonekedwe ake enieni.

Nkhanu yoyamba ya akavalo mwa mawonekedwe a zinthu zakale zakale inapezedwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a ku Canada mu mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino ya 2008. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti thupi la nkhanu ya horseshoe lili ndi mkuwa wochuluka, chifukwa chake magazi amapeza tint ya bluish. Zimagwiranso ntchito ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe oteteza magazi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti azachipatala agwiritse ntchito magazi a cholengedwacho ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala.

3. Nautilus - zaka 500 miliyoni zapitazo

Kagulu kakang'ono kokongola ka cuttlefish katsala pang'ono kutha, ngakhale kuti molimba mtima kakhala kakuyenda padziko lapansi kwa zaka theka la biliyoni. The cephalopod ili ndi chipolopolo chokongola, chogawidwa m'zipinda. Chipinda chachikulu chimakhala ndi cholengedwa, pomwe china chimakhala ndi mpweya wa biogas womwe umalola kuti chiyandama ngati choyandama chikamamira mozama.

2. Medusa - zaka 505 miliyoni zapitazo

Kusambira m'nyanja, n'kovuta kuti musazindikire ntchentche zoterera, zomwe zimawotcha zomwe zimawopa kwambiri alendo. Jellyfish yoyamba idawoneka pafupifupi 505-600 (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana) zaka miliyoni zapitazo - ndiye zinali zamoyo zovuta kwambiri, zoganiziridwa pang'ono. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri wogwidwa wamtunduwu adafika kutalika kwa 230 cm.

Mwa njira, jellyfish kulibe kwa nthawi yayitali - chaka chimodzi chokha, chifukwa ndi cholumikizira chofunikira pazakudya zamoyo zam'madzi. Asayansi akudabwabe momwe jellyfish imagwirira ntchito kuchokera ku ziwalo zamasomphenya popanda ubongo.

1. Chinkhupule - zaka 760 miliyoni zapitazo

Siponji, mosiyana ndi malingaliro omwe alipo, ndi nyama ndipo, kuphatikiza, cholengedwa chakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mpaka pano, nthawi yeniyeni ya maonekedwe a siponji sichinakhazikitsidwe, koma zakale kwambiri, malinga ndi kusanthula, zinali zaka 760 miliyoni.

Anthu apadera otere amakhalabe padziko lapansi, pomwe timalota zobwezeretsanso ma dinosaur kapena mammoth prototypes kuchokera ku majini. Mwina tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zomwe zatizungulira?