Ma dinosaurs 10 owopsa komanso owopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi

Kuwerenga zambiri za ma dinosaurs, kumakhala kosasangalatsa - nyama zazikuluzikuluzi sizopeka za olemba zopeka za sayansi, izi ndi zolengedwa zenizeni zomwe zidalipo zaka 201 miliyoni zapitazo pa Dziko Lapansi. Ma dinosaurs apamwamba ndi ambiri, ali ndi mitundu yaying'ono komanso yopanda vuto, komanso zoopsa zenizeni. Ma dinosaurs owopsa komanso owopsa padziko lapansi ndi anthu akulu komanso amphamvu okhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi mano.

10 chothirira

Wolusa wolusa ankakhala m'dera la Brazil masiku 110 miliyoni zapitazo. Kutalika kwa munthu kuyambira mphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira ndi 7-8 m, kutalika kwake ndi 2,5 m, zomwe sizimatilola kugawa mitunduyo ngati yayikulu, koma sizitanthauza kuti zinali zopanda vuto. Malinga ndi chigaza cha nyaliyo, zinali zotheka kuzindikira kuti nsagwadazo zinali zofanana ndi ng'ona. Izi zinamuthandiza kuti atulutse nsomba m'madzi mosavuta - gawo lalikulu la zakudya, komanso kudya bwino ma dinosaurs ang'onoang'ono a herbivorous. Chilombo chochokera ku nthawi ya Cretaceous chinasuntha mofulumira pamiyendo iwiri, dexterity ndi agility zimalipira mokwanira kukula kwake kochepa.

Zosangalatsa: mtundu wa irritator - mmodzi wa anthu amene amatchulidwa m'buku la Arthur Conan Doyle "The Lost World".

9. Velociraptor

Mawonekedwe a Velociraptors ndi ovuta kuyika pakati pa oimira owopsa kwambiri a banja la dinosaur, chifukwa anali ang'onoang'ono mu kukula - pafupifupi 60 cm mu msinkhu ndipo osapitirira 2 mamita m'litali mpaka nsonga ya mchira wautali. Komabe, khalidwe lawo ndi khalidwe lawo sizigwirizana nkomwe ndi kuwonekera koyamba kugulu - ma velociraptors anali ankhanza kwambiri komanso ankhanza. Iwo ankadya makamaka tinyama tating’ono tomwe timadya udzu, mmene ankathandizidwa ndi machenjerero anzeru. Zilombo zolusa zinkakankhira wovulalayo, kukakamira kukhosi ndi kumutu ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo yokhala ndi zikhadabo, ndikung'amba mitsempha, yomwe imavulaza anthu.

Chikhadabo chachikulu chopindika pamiyendo yakumbuyo chinathandiza mlenjeyo kudula mnofu wa mdani yemwe wagwayo popanda vuto lililonse.

8. dilophosaurus

Buluzi wolusa Dilophosaurus si imodzi mwa ma dinosaurs owopsa, komanso nyenyezi ya kanema wotchuka Jurassic Park. Aliyense amene ankaionera ankakumbukira bwinobwino zilombo zoopsa zimene zinali m’kamwa modzaza ndi mano akuthwa ndi ziboliboli ziwiri zowala m’mutu mwawo. Kutalika kwa chitsanzo chachikulu, zotsalira zomwe asayansi adatha kuzipeza, ndi mamita 7, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 400 kg. Oimira zamoyozi, ngakhale ankayenda ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, kutsogolo kunalinso ndi zolimba. Anawagwiritsa ntchito povulaza anthu. Chinthu chachilendo cha zamoyozo ndi kutha kugona ndi kupuma, kutenga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbalame zamakono.

7. megalosaurus

Bipedal megalosaurus anakhala dinosaur woyamba amene mabwinja ake anapezedwa ndi munthu. Mpaka pano, sizinali zotheka kudziwa momwe zimawonekera, popeza palibe mafupa athunthu omwe adapezeka. M'litali, oimira zamoyozo anafika mamita 9, anali ndi khosi lalitali komanso losunthika, kutsogolo lalifupi ndi miyendo yamphamvu yakumbuyo. Mano a Megalosaurus ndi owopsa kwambiri - ndiatali komanso akulu, okhala ndi nsonga zopindika mkati kuti agwire nyama. Nyama yolusa ya kilogalamu chikwi inasuntha mwachangu, zomwe zidamuthandiza kusaka bwino.

6. Carcharodontosaurus

Carcharodontosaurus ndi chilombo chenicheni ngakhale pamiyezo ya ma dinosaur. Anthu amtunduwu amakhala m'dera la Africa yamakono ndipo adafika kukula kwakukulu - 16 m m'litali ndi pafupifupi 4 kutalika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwa zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri. Chigaza chonse sichinapezeke mpaka lero, pali mbali zake zosiyana, koma mphamvu zawo ndi zochititsa chidwi - mano ena amafika 20 cm kutalika. Akuganiza kuti ankasaka titanosaurs zazikulu za herbivorous, zomwe kutalika kwake kunafika mamita 40. Izi zikuwonetsa bwino mphamvu ndi mphamvu za carcharodontosaurus.

5. Spinosaurus

Dzina lakuti "Spinosaurus" limasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "buluzi wa spiked". Malingaliro okhudza maonekedwe a chilombo cha mbiri yakale anasintha kangapo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipangizo. Mpaka pano, akukhulupirira kuti chinyamacho chinasuntha pa miyendo ya 2, mwinamwake inkatsogolera moyo wa m'madzi ndipo inali ndi sitima ya trapezoidal kumbuyo kwake. Uwu ndi mtundu waukulu wa ma dinosaurs, oimira kutalika adafika mamita 16 ndipo anali ndi matani 7-10.

Sail yeniyeni ndi mawonekedwe a msana - adapangidwa ndi njira zazikulu za dorsal ndi caudal vertebrae. Nsagwada za Spinosaurus ndizopapatiza komanso zazitali, zokhala ndi mano akulu akulu. Zikhadabo zokhazikika zidathandizanso kwambiri posaka nyama. Kapangidwe ka nsagwada za chilombochi n’ngwachimvekere, choncho asayansi amati inkasaka anthu okhawo amene akanatha kuwameza, kuphatikizapo a m’madzi.

4. Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus amafotokozedwa kuchokera ku mafupa omwe adapezeka mu 1995 ku Argentina masiku ano. Kutalika kwa thupi - 12-13 mamita, kulemera kwa matani 7-8. Mitundu iyi ndi imodzi mwa ma theropods asanu akuluakulu (yaikulu kwambiri ndi Spinosaurus, Giganotosaurus ili m'malo achiwiri). Nyama zolusa dinosaur anali lalikulu herbivorous anthu, chifukwa kusaka izo anayamba liwiro ndithu mkulu (mpaka 50 Km pa ola) ndipo anali ndi dongosolo chitukuko cha crests pa chigaza, amene anawonjezera mphamvu zake pa nkhondo. Maonekedwe, ma Giganotosaurs amafanana ndi tyrannosaurs odziwika bwino.

Chosangalatsa: ndiye giganotosaurus yemwe akuimiridwa ngati chilombo chachikulu mufilimuyi Ulendo Wopita Pakatikati pa Dziko Lapansi.

3. Ceratosaurus

Woimira nyengo ya Jurassic, Ceratosaurus ndi mtundu wolusa, wokhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu yakumbuyo ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 7-8 metres. Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndi nyanga yopumula pamafupa a m'mphuno ndi ma protrusions awiri olimba pamwamba pa maso. Pakati pa mzere wonse wa kumbuyo, oimira mitunduyi anali ndi osteoderms - ossified protrusions. Zilombo zoterezi zinkakhala pafupi ndi madzi ndipo makamaka zinkasaka nyama za m’madzi, komabe, sizinkanyoza nyama ya anthu apamtunda.

Chigaza cha Ceratosaurus chinali chachikulu poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa thupi, ndipo ngakhale sichingatchulidwe champhamvu kwambiri. Nsagwadazo zinali zamphamvu komanso zodzaza ndi mano akulu akuthwa. Maonekedwe osakumbukika komanso owopsa adapangitsa kuti dinosaur ikhale yodziwika bwino - nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'mafilimu ndi m'mabuku amakono.

2. carnotaurus

Carnotaurus ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu yochepa yomwe maonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhazikitsidwa modalirika kuchokera ku mafupa athunthu. Buluzi wokhala ndi thupi la 8-mm anasuntha pamiyendo yamphamvu yakumbuyo, ndipo kutsogolo kwake kunachepetsedwa mpaka kufika pazipita - kuchepetsedwa kukhala osagwira ntchito. Uyu si dinosaur wamkulu, analibe mano akulu, koma izi sizimamupangitsa kukhala wopanda vuto.

M'malo mwake, mano ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi akuthwa amadula nyama mosavuta, ndipo chigaza chochepa kwambiri chinapanga kinetics - zolumikizana pakati pa mafupa zinali zosunthika, kotero anthu amatha kumeza nyama zazikulu komanso nyama zina zonse. Carnotaurs anaukira mwachangu komanso molondola, chifukwa chake amatha kuwongolera madera akuluakulu.

1. Theresinosaurus

Theresinosaurs ankakhala mu nthawi ya Cretaceous, iyi ndi mitundu yapadera, maonekedwe omwe sangathe kubwezeretsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafupa athunthu. Zodziwika Zodziwika:

• kulemera pafupifupi matani 6;
• kutalika 9-12 mamita;
• miyendo yakutsogolo yayitali (mamita 2,5-3);
• miyendo yakumbuyo yokhala ndi zikhadabo 4 zothandizira;
• kukhalapo pa dzanja lililonse lakutsogolo kwa zikhadabo zazikulu zitatu (pafupifupi mita imodzi m'litali lililonse).

Sizikudziwika motsimikiza zomwe Terezinosaurus inadya, asayansi amayiyika ngati nyama yodya udzu. Koma cholinga cha zikhadabo zoopsa akadali chinsinsi, mmodzi wa zongopeka ndi chida pomenyana ndi anthu carnivory. Kusintha koteroko pamiyendo yayitali kunapangitsa kuti therezinosaurs apindule kwambiri pankhondo. Oimira zamoyozi akuphatikizidwa mu Guinness Book of Records ngati ma dinosaurs odabwitsa kwambiri.