Anatomy ndi mafupa a nkhumba, mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi

Musanayambe nkhumba, zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza thupi. Kodi dongosolo lake la m'mimba ndi chiyani, kapangidwe kake ka mkati mwa thupi. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa eni ake am'tsogolo kuti atsimikizire moyo wabwino kwa ziweto.

Zomwe zili mumpangidwe

Nyamayi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi makoswe anzake. Mapangidwe a nkhumba, thupi lake ndi lofanana ndi silinda, kutalika kwake kumafika 25 cm. Polemera, amuna ndi aakulu - mpaka kilo imodzi ndi theka, akazi - pang'ono kuposa kg. Chovalacho ndi chosalala ndipo chimakula mofulumira - 1 mm patsiku.

Mano a nkhumba

Makoswe awa ali ndi incisors omwe amapangidwa bwino komanso akuthwa. Amakula moyo wonse wa nkhumba. Zimachitika kuti ma incisors amafika kukula kotero kuti amatha kukhumudwitsa nyama komanso kuvulaza lilime kapena milomo. Nkhumba ilibe mano, ndipo nsongazo zimakhala ndi makola apadera komanso ma tubercles.

Pa nsagwada zapansi pali mano 10 okha: awiri abodza, ma molars asanu ndi limodzi ndi ma incisors awiri. Nsagwada zapansi zimadziwika ndi kuyenda bwino, zimatha kuyenda mosiyanasiyana, osati kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Chibwano cham'mwamba: nsagwada ziwiri, molars zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi incisors zomwe zimakhala zazifupi kuposa za nsagwada zapansi.

Mano ali ndi enamel amphamvu kutsogolo, koma enamel yofewa kumbuyo ndikutha msanga.

mafupa

M'thupi la makoswe muli mafupa 258. Mafupa a nkhumba ku Guinea:

• mafupa a mchira - 7 pcs.;
• mtengo - 13 magalamu;
• msana - 34 mafupa;
• chigaza;
• nyumba yanthiti;
• miyendo yakumbuyo - 72 mafupa.

Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha mafupa m'miyendo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, izi sizikusonyeza mphamvu zawo. Miyendo ya nkhumba ndi yofooka kwambiri komanso yosatetezeka ku fractures, komanso kuvulala kosiyanasiyana.

Kodi nguluwe ili ndi mchira

Mchira wa guinea pig ndi wosawoneka bwino. Msana wa caudal umapangidwa ndi mafupa asanu ndi awiri. Amakhala ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi chiuno cha makoswe. Izi ndizosocheretsa ndipo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mchira kulibe.

Kodi nguluwe ili ndi zala zingati

Nkhumba ili ndi miyendo yaifupi kwambiri. Zakutsogolo ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zakumbuyo. Nkhumba za ku Guinea zimakhala ndi zala zosiyanasiyana. Kumiyendo yakumbuyo kuli zala zitatu, ndi zinayi kutsogolo. Amafanana ndi ziboda zazing'ono.

Waukulu machitidwe a makoswe ndi mawonekedwe awo

Kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake ka nkhumba kamafanana ndi mmene makoswe ena amachitira. Mtima umalemera pang'ono kuposa 2 g. Kuchuluka kwa contractions kumafika mpaka 350 pamphindi.

The kupuma dongosolo tcheru kwambiri zosiyanasiyana matenda ndi mabakiteriya. Kupuma kumafika 120-130 (yabwinobwino). Mapangidwe a mapapo ndi achilendo ndipo amasiyana: kumanja kumagawidwa m'magawo anayi ndi olemera, ndipo kumanzere kumagawidwa m'magawo atatu.

Matumbo a nyamayi ndi aakulu kwambiri komanso otukuka. Chakudya nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'mimba, kuchuluka kwake kumafika 30 cm. Matumbo ndi otalika kwambiri kuposa thupi, pafupifupi nthawi khumi ndi ziwiri.

Maonekedwe a nkhumba ndi yakuti chakudya cha makoswewa chimagayidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi sabata imodzi, choncho chinthu chatsopano chiyenera kulowetsedwa m'zakudya mosamala kwambiri. Apo ayi, zidzachititsa kukanika kwa m`mimba thirakiti.

Chimodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndi caecum. Zimatulutsa ndowe zofewa, zimathandizira kuphwanya cellulose, ndiye chinthu chachikulu muzakudya.

Mapangidwe a thupi la makoswe ali ndi chinthu china chofanana ndi kukhalapo kwa thumba la ndowe, lomwe lili pansipa, pansi pa anus. Lili ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timapanga madzi, wandiweyani komanso ndi fungo lachilendo. Mwiniwake amayenera kuyang'anira ukhondo wake wokhazikika.

Mu nkhumba yachikulire, dongosolo la excretory limagwira ntchito bwino. Makoswe amatulutsa 50 ml ya mkodzo patsiku (uric acid 3,5%).

Mwiniwakeyo ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi ma lymph nodes a mbira ngati ikuchita mwachisawawa kapena osadya bwino. Iwo ali pafupi khutu pakhosi.

Ngati ma lymph nodes ayamba kutupa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi veterinarian wanu nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza chiphuphu.

Zowona, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri mu makoswe.

Mbali za masomphenya, kumva ndi fungo la mbira

Mapangidwe akunja a maso a makoswe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa. Malo awo sali pakatikati, koma m'mbali. Izi zimathandiza kuti chinyamacho chizitha kuona chilichonse chozungulira. Koma palinso zovuta - masomphenya akutsogolo amavutika, chigawo ichi ndi akhungu. Kwenikweni, nyamazo siziona mwachidule ndipo zimadalira kununkhiza kokha. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa makoswe.

Ndi fungo, amatha kudziwa kugonana komanso ngati pali mwayi wobereka. Onse aakazi ndi aamuna ali ndi mphamvu yakununkhiza yamphamvu, ndiyosavuta kuwirikiza chikwi kuposa kununkhiza kwamunthu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo imve fungo limene anthu sakanatha kumva.

Pamphuno ya nkhumba pali tsitsi logwedezeka, limakhala lotsogolera kumalo. Makoswe, ngakhale mumdima wathunthu, amatha kudziwa m'lifupi ndi kuya kwa dzenje, ngati n'zotheka kulowamo kapena ayi.

Komanso, mbira ndi yabwino kuposa makoswe ndi mbewa poyerekeza ndi kumva.

Mapangidwe amkati mwa khutu lawo ndi okondweretsa kwambiri - zomwe zimatchedwa cochlea zimakhala ndi maulendo anayi. Nthawi zambiri nyama zoyamwitsa zimakhala ndi ziwiri ndi theka. Anthu amamva phokoso losaposa 15000 hertz, ndi Guinea nkhumba mpaka 30000 hertz.

Zambiri zokhudza thupi la makoswe

Kulemera kwa nkhumba kumafika mpaka 2 kg, ndipo kutalika ndi 30 cm. Mu nkhumba yathanzi, kutentha kwa thupi sikudutsa madigiri 39. Kukhwima kwa kugonana kwa akazi - mpaka masiku 40, amuna - mpaka masiku 60.

Mimba mwa mkazi imatenga pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. Chinyela chimodzi chimakhala ndi ana asanu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhumba ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma palinso zaka zana (mpaka zaka 10).

Kanema: kapangidwe ka thupi la nkhumba