Zotupa za m'mawere mwa agalu ndi amphaka

Zizindikiro za zotupa m'mawere

Kuyamba kwa matenda kungakhale imperceptible, makamaka nyama ndi wandiweyani tsitsi. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, mwiniwakeyo amatha, pamene akugwedeza pamimba kapena akufufuza zotupa za mammary, amazindikira zisindikizo, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, kukula kwa nandolo. Komabe, ichi ndi chifukwa kale chodetsa nkhawa. Mabere angakhalenso otentha. Pakhoza kukhala kumaliseche kwa nsonga zamaonekedwe, zachikasu kapena zofiira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mwiniwakeyo angapeze zophuka zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zonunkha, komanso zotulutsa. Ambiri chikhalidwe cha nyama akhoza kuipiraipira: ulesi, kusowa kapena kuchepa njala, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti afotokoze bwino za matendawa, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mastitis kapena mimba yonyenga ikhoza kuchitika ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu:

• msanga chotupa kukula
• kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maphunziro
• ululu, zofiira, kutupa
• mawonekedwe a zilonda ndi kukokoloka

Zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a zotupa za mammary glands

• Monga lamulo, zotupa zimadalira mahomoni. Pali maphunziro ambiri omwe kuthena kusanachitike estrus yoyamba (inde, kuthena ndikuchotsa chiberekero, mazira, ma testes - mosasamala kanthu za jenda) kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa za m'mawere (BM) mpaka 0,5%. Ngati muthena pambuyo pa kutentha koyamba - 8%, 26% pambuyo pa kutentha kwachiwiri, pambuyo pachitatu - kuthena sikumakhudza mwanjira iliyonse.

• Kwa amuna, kusalinganika kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kungayambitse matenda.

• Kupereka mankhwala mosalekeza kwa nyama kuti athetse chilakolako chogonana kumawonjezeranso mwayi wokhala ndi oncology.

• Ana agalu abodza m'mabwalo amathanso kusintha kusintha kwa mammary gland. Mastitis, mastopathy amakula, omwe m'tsogolomu angayambitse khansa.

• Kunenepa kwa nyama.

Chifukwa chiyani ma neoplasms ndi owopsa?

Choopsa chachikulu cha AMF chili mu metastasis. Maselo osinthidwa amafalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena zotengera za lymphatic kupita ku ziwalo ndi minofu ya thupi lonse, mapapu amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Nyama zimafa chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati, kutopa, kusowa kwa okosijeni ndi zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha oncology. Komanso, zotupa zotseguka ndizo zipata za matenda, zimatha kuphulika ndikuyambitsa sepsis - poizoni wamagazi.

Magawo a chitukuko cha zotupa m'mawere

Kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere kumatengera:

• chikhalidwe cha cholinga choyambirira;
• mkhalidwe wa chotupa palokha;
• kukhalapo kwa ma lymph nodes osinthika;
• kukhalapo kwa metastases kutali.

Akukhulupirira kuti muyezo wa khalidwe loipa la chotupacho ndi kukula kwa chotupa: amphaka ndi 3 centimita kapena kuposa, agalu apakati Mitundu 5-7 centimita kapena kuposa.

Gawo 1 - chisindikizo chaching'ono kapena kugunda mpaka 1 cm m'mimba mwake, ma metastases samazindikirika. Gawo 2 - neoplasm mpaka 3 cm mulifupi, palibe zizindikiro za metastasis. Gawo 3 - mapangidwe okulirapo mpaka 5 cm m'mimba mwake, amatha kudetsedwa pamwamba komanso m'malo ozama a chilondacho, chomwe chimatha kutuluka magazi, m'mitsempha yamagazi mumakhala metastases. Gawo 4 - chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa masentimita 5 m'mimba mwake. Pali metastases kumadera akutali kwambiri a thupi, nthawi zambiri m'mapapo. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri azachipatala amakumana ndi metastasis ku chiwindi, ndulu, kapamba, ndi minofu ya mafupa. Zingakhale zovuta kudziwa siteji ya chitukuko ndi maso. Kuti mupange chisankho pa chithandizo choyenera, njira zingapo zodziwira matenda zidzafunika.   

Diagnostics

• Kuwunika pamanja nyama. Palpation wa zopangitsa mammary, kunja mwanabele.
• Auscultation. Kumvetsera kung'ung'udza m'mapapu.
• Kuyeza magazi (zamoyo ndi zamankhwala). Kuunika kwa magwiridwe antchito ambiri a thupi.
• Ultrasound ya m'mimba ndi thoracic cavity. Chizindikiritso cha structural kusintha ziwalo, kukhalapo kwa metastases lalikulu.
• X-ray pachifuwa pa XNUMX! zoyerekeza. Kuunika kwa mkhalidwe wa minofu ya m'mapapo, kuzindikira kwa metastases. Chithunzi chimodzi sichikwanira kuti muzindikire bwino.
• Kufufuza kwa cytological kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga matenda oyamba.
• Kuwunika kwa histological kwa chotupa chochotsedwa kumathandizira kudziwa bwino mtundu wa neoplasm, kaya ndi wowopsa kapena ayi.
• Kufufuza khansa pogwiritsa ntchito computed tomography. M'malo X-ray ndi ultrasound, koma anachita pansi opaleshoni ambiri.

chithandizo

Chithandizo zimadalira siteji ya oncology, ambiri chikhalidwe cha nyama, concomitant matenda. Pamagawo 1 ndi a 2, madokotala ochita opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa mastectomy - opaleshoni yochotsa mawere a mawere. Nthawi zambiri, chiwombankhanga chonsecho chimachotsedwa (mastectomy unilateral), nthawi zina (makamaka koyambirira) mastectomy yapang'onopang'ono imachitidwa, kuchotsa mapaketi ena okha a glands. Ngati zotupa zili mbali zonse, ndiye kuti opaleshoni ikuchitika mu magawo angapo, chifukwa alowererepo ndithu voluminous, zopweteka ndi kotunga pakhungu chofunika kumangitsa m`mbali mwa bala. Ndi bwino kuthena nyama nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amazindikira kusintha kwa minofu ya chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira. Zikatero, opaleshoniyo ikhoza kuchitika m'magawo atatu. Ndikofunika kuti oncologist yemwe amachita opaleshoniyo amvetsetse ablastics - ndiko kuti, amadziwa malamulo ochotsera chotupacho kuti asasiye maselo omwe amatha kuchulukitsanso komanso kuti metastasis isachitike. Kuchotsa kwa neoplasm kumachitika ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu kwa minofu yozungulira komanso kuchotsa lymph node yapafupi. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, nyamayo imayikidwa chubu chapadera cha ngalande m'dera la msoko, momwe mankhwalawa amabadwira kuti athetse ululu. Komanso, mphaka kapena galu amalandira mankhwala odana ndi kutupa ndi analgesic mwadongosolo. Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosatheka chithandizo cha opaleshoni kapena mutapeza mtundu wina wa neoplasm, ngati kuli kofunikira. Pali ma protocol ambiri osiyanasiyana. The oncologist amasankha payekha payekha, malinga ndi makhalidwe a wodwalayo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa maonekedwe a zotupa m'mawere zimadalira siteji ndi mmene kufalikira kwa ndondomekoyi. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumalola kuyambitsa chithandizo chogwira ntchito, chomwe chimalola kuchotsa kwathunthu chotupacho ndikuwonetsetsa kukhululukidwa kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira zaka 3-5 kapena kuposerapo. Ngati chikhalidwe cha chiweto ndi chovuta kwambiri kotero kuti palibe njira yomwe ili pamwambayi yomwe ili yoyenera, eni ake amasankha kuchita euthanasia kapena chinyengo kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino.   Nthawi ya Postoperative zotheka mavuto pambuyo opaleshoni

• Matenda a suture
• Kusiyanitsa kwa sutures, nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'madera a axillary ndi inguinal chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu yomwe imachotsedwa komanso kuyenda kwapamwamba kwa suture m'madera awa.
• Kubwereranso kwa chotupa kapena kufalikira kwa khansa yomwe sinapezekepo kale komanso panthawi ya opaleshoni

Pofuna kupewa kunyambita ndi matenda a sutures, bulangeti ndi kolala pambuyo pa opaleshoni zimaveka, ndipo kuletsa kuyenda kumafunikanso pa nthawi ya machiritso a sutures, pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ndi bwino kusiya nyama kwa masiku angapo pambuyo opaleshoni m'chipatala kwa khalidwe chisamaliro ndi njira. Ziweto zambiri zimatulutsidwa m'chipatala masiku 2-1 pambuyo pa opaleshoni, malingana ndi momwe opaleshoniyo alili komanso momwe wodwalayo alili. Ziweto zambiri sizifuna kusinthidwa kwina kwa masiku 5-3 pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo. Odwala akuitanidwa ku msonkhano wachiwiri ndi oncologist ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni 5-12 patatha masiku opareshoni kuti ayesenso kachiwiri ndikuchotsa sutures pakhungu.

Prevention

Njira yothetsera vutoli ingakhale kuthena chiweto chisanayambe kutha msinkhu, makamaka ngati chiwetocho chilibe phindu. Ngati nyama si neutered, yang'anani nthawi zambiri, tcherani khutu ku tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mabere amphaka ndi agalu anu, makamaka ngati ali kale apakati kapena okalamba. Chitani kafukufuku wachipatala wa chiweto chanu chaka chilichonse, izi mosakayikira zimathandiza kuzindikira ndikuyamba chithandizo cha zotupa za m'mawere, komanso matenda ena kale. Nthawi zonse kupita kwa dokotala ndi nyama wamkulu zaka 6, yake matenda ndi kuchiza zotupa mu magawo oyambirira kuchepetsa chiopsezo nyama imfa khansa.