Urolithiasis mu amphaka ndi agalu

Urolithiasis (UCD) ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a miyala (calculi) mu ziwalo za mkodzo - mu impso ndi chikhodzodzo.

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri

Urolithiasis akhoza kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama sasonyeza nkhawa, ali bwinobwino pokodza. Komabe, nthawi zina, zizindikiro monga:

• kukodza kovuta. Amphaka amakhala pa thireyi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo chifukwa chake, palibe mkodzo konse kapena madontho angapo, akhoza kukana kupita kuchimbudzi mu tray ndikuyang'ana malo ena a chimbudzi. Agalu nawonso amakhala pansi kapena kukweza dzanja lawo kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri osapindula.
• kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe pakukodza;
• kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa, kutulutsa mawu, chiwawa, kunyambita perineal;
• magazi mu mkodzo;
• nthawi zina mutatha kukodza, mungapeze mchenga kapena timiyala tating'ono;
• chizolowezi chopita kuchimbudzi, magawo ang'onoang'ono kapena opanda mkodzo konse;
• kupweteka kwa m'mimba m'dera la chikhodzodzo kapena impso;
• kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa njala.

Zizindikirozi zikhoza kukhala zizindikiro za matenda ena, choncho m'pofunika kuchita njira zoyezetsa matenda.

ICD yowopsa

Kodi urolithiasis ndi chiyani? Miyala ya impso imatha kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo osadzimva konse. Nthawi zina zimakhala zodziwikiratu pamene chiweto chikujambulidwa chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena panthawi ya opaleshoni. Choopsa chachikulu chimachitika pamene calculus imalowa mu ureters - ziwalo zopapatiza zomwe mkodzo wochokera ku impso umalowa m'chikhodzodzo. Mwala ukhoza kupanga kutsekereza pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa ureter. Pamene nyama yatsekeredwa kwathunthu, zizindikiro zimayamba mofulumira kwambiri. Mkodzo sungathe kudutsa, koma ukupitiriza kupanga, hydronephrosis imapezeka ndipo impso zimatha kufa. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso kumayamba, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa creatinine, urea, potaziyamu m'magazi, zomwe zimapha amphaka ndi agalu. Ndi matenda a nthawi yake, opaleshoni imachitidwa kuchotsa mwala ndikuyika stent mu ureter. Miyala ikapangika mchikhodzodzo, sizikhalanso zowopsa. Mu amphaka ndi amuna, mkodzo wautali ndi woonda ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono kapena mchenga wokhala ndi ntchofu, epithelium, maselo amagazi amangokhazikikamo. Choncho, kachiwiri, kutsekeka ndi kusefukira kwa chikhodzodzo kumachitika, koma impso "sidziwa" za izi, kupitiriza kutulutsa madzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso kumayambiranso. M'mphaka ndi nsonga, mkodzo nthawi zambiri sutsekedwa. Miyala yaing'ono ndi mchenga zimadutsa pokodza, koma pangakhale miyala ikuluikulu m'chikhodzodzo. Miyala imavulaza chikhodzodzo ndi urethra, kuwononga, kutulutsa magazi, kutupa kwakukulu, ndipo imatha kukula mpaka mumkodzo. Mwachibadwa, njira zonsezi zimatsagana ndi ululu waukulu.

 Zifukwa za ICD

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa urolithiasis:

• Zakudya zolakwika.
• Kuphwanya kusinthanitsa kwa mchere ndi madzi m'thupi.
• Matenda a mkodzo dongosolo. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za urolithiasis mwa agalu.
• Kuchepa kwamadzimadzi. Zotsatira zake, makristasi amapanga mkodzo wokhazikika kwambiri.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa.
• Matenda a excretory system.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Zochita zochepa.
• Kulemera kwambiri.
• Kobadwa nako malformations mkodzo dongosolo.

Mitundu ya makhiristo

Malinga ndi mapangidwe awo ndi chiyambi, makhiristo ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti miyala ikuluikulu imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makristasi, maselo amagazi, epithelium ya chikhodzodzo, ntchofu ndi zinthu zina.

• Struvites ndi mtundu wosungunuka wa makhiristo, ndiwo omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Amapangidwa makamaka mumkodzo wamchere, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso oyera.

•  Oxalates ndi mtundu wosasungunuka. Radiopaque calculi, ali ndi m'mbali zakuthwa ndi ngodya, ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Amapangidwa makamaka acidic mkodzo. Miyala yotereyi imatha kupewedwa.

•  Urates amapangidwa mu acidic mkodzo. Kuzindikira kwa mwala uwu ndikofunika kwambiri ndipo kufufuza kwina kuli koyenera chifukwa vutoli nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi portosystemic shunt mu agalu. Amawoneka ngati mchenga ndi miyala yachikasu kapena yofiirira.

• Cystins ndi miyala yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha cystinuria (kuwonongeka kwa mayamwidwe a amino acid). Mapangidwewo amakhala osakhazikika, achikasu kapena oyera. Matendawa amawonekera nthawi zambiri mwa okalamba (oposa zaka 5). 

1 - struvite 2 - oxalate 3 - urate 4 - cystine

Diagnostics

Ndikofunikira kuchita maphunziro ozindikira matenda munthawi yake.

• Kusanthula mkodzo wamba. Chitsanzo chatsopano chokha chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti chiyesedwe. Mkodzo womwe wayima ngakhale kwa maola angapo sulinso woyenera kuwunika, popeza makhiristo onyenga amalowa mkati mwake, motero, nyamayo imatha kupezeka molakwika. 
• General kachipatala, biochemical magazi kuyezetsa kudziwa aimpso kulephera. Komanso, kuti azindikire matenda a impso koyambirira, mkodzo umatengedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni / creatinine ndi magazi a SDMA.
• X-ray. Imathandiza kuona kusiyana uroliths.
• ultrasound. Zofunikira pakuwona kusintha kwa mapangidwe a impso, ureters, chikhodzodzo. Nthawi zambiri, ureters siziwoneka pa ultrasound. Maphunziro ayenera kuchitidwa ndi chikhodzodzo chokwanira.
• Bakiteriya chikhalidwe cha mkodzo ndi subtitration kwa maantibayotiki. M`pofunika kuzindikira matenda ndi mankhwala olondola mankhwala. Mu amphaka ndi agalu, mkodzo umatengedwa ndi cystocentesis kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa - kupyolera mu kuphulika kwa khoma la m'mimba ndi singano ya syringe pansi pa ulamuliro wa ultrasound sensor. Osadandaula, nyama mosavuta kulekerera ndondomekoyi.
• Kusanthula kwa Spectral kwa uroliths. Ikuchitika pambuyo m'zigawo nyama, m'pofunika kuti adziwe molondola za zikuchokera miyala, kusankha njira zina mankhwala ndi kupewa mapangidwe miyala yatsopano.

chithandizo

Chithandizo cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa urolithiasis ndi zizindikiro zake. Ntchito hemostatic mankhwala, antispasmodics, antimicrobials, ngati n`koyenera, infusor mankhwala ndi kukakamizidwa diuresis. Chikhodzodzo catheterization ndi blockage wa mkodzo, nthawi zina, kutsuka ndi instillation wa mankhwala mankhwala intravesically. Kwa amphaka omwe amasunga mkodzo, ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo chazidziwitso pakuchotsa ziwalo za mkodzo. Kuti tichite izi, catheterization imachitidwa mosamala, chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo chimatsukidwa, njirazo zimachitidwa nthawi zonse - mpaka mphaka atayamba kupita kuchimbudzi yekha. Pa chithandizo cha opaleshoni, miyala imachotsedwa mu ureter, chikhodzodzo kapena urethra. Nthawi zina m`pofunika kuchotsa kuonongeka impso. Komanso, ndi kutsekeka mobwerezabwereza kwa mkodzo kapena kutsekeka kwakukulu, urethrostomy imachitidwa. Zoonadi, pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala, chiwetocho chidzafunika chisamaliro chapadera: kuvala kolala yotetezera kapena mabulangete, kusoka, kumwa mankhwala, nthawi zambiri kumafuna chipatala cha usana ndi usiku kuyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarians. Zodziwika pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opaleshoni ndikuika zakudya zapadera - zakudya zouma ndi zonyowa zomwe zimapangidwira amphaka ndi agalu, ndi mankhwala ena omwe amalembedwa ndi veterinarian. Kudziletsa mankhwala a nyama Mulimonsemo sayenera.

Prevention

Pofuna kupewa, perekani chiwetocho ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, konzekerani zakudya zoyenera. Onetsetsani kuti chiweto chanu chikupeza chinyezi chokwanira. Yesani kuyika mbiya zingapo zamadzi m'nyumba, amphaka nthawi zambiri sakonda kumwa kuchokera m'mbale pafupi ndi chakudya chawo. Komanso, kuwonjezera pa croquettes, onjezani matumba kapena pâtés pazakudya zanu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chonyowa ndi chowuma kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo. Ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi zonse fufuzani ndi veterinarian, makamaka ngati mukudziwa kuti Pet ndi sachedwa urolithiasis.