Canine Genetics: Nutrigenomics ndi Mphamvu ya Epigenetics

Funsani mwiniwake wa pooch wodabwitsa kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe akuganiza kuti bwenzi lawo lapamtima lamiyendo inayi ndi losakanizidwa, ndipo amagawana zomwe akuganiza. M'malo mwake, bungwe la International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) lili ndi tsamba lomwe okonda agalu amatha kuyesa chidziwitso chawo cha chibadwa cha ziweto ndikuyesa kuyerekeza mitundu ya agalu. Kaya mukufuna kudziwa komwe chiweto chanu chinachokera kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe mungasungire chiweto chanu chathanzi, majini a canine ali ndi mayankho a mafunso anu.

Kafukufuku wa Canine DNA

Mukanakhala ndi mapu a galu wanu, kodi mungaphunzire chiyani kuchokera ku DNA ya galu? Mwamwayi, sayansi imagwira ntchito molimbika pophunzira zamtundu wa agalu ndikuphunzira njira zatsopano zothandizira anzathu aubweya kukhala athanzi.

Masiku ano, dokotala wa zinyama amatha kuyesa DNA ya galu wanu mosavuta kuti awone mitundu ya agalu yomwe imapanga banja lake. Madokotala ambiri azipatala zachinyama alibe njira iyi. Amatumiza zitsanzo zawo ku labu kuti akapeze zotsatira. Palinso zida zapanyumba zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndipo mayesowo adzawunikidwa ndi akatswiri a genetic mu labu. Asayansi amaphunzira za chibadwa cha agalu momwe amaphunzirira DNA yamunthu: poyika chitsanzo chotengedwa kuchokera ku swab kuseri kwa tsaya la galu mu makina omwe amajambula ma genetic code ndikuyang'ana zolembera. Kutengera labu yoyezetsa majini omwe dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito, mudzalandira lipoti la kubadwa kwa mwana wanu kapena chidziwitso china chachipatala.

Genetics ndi thanzi

Genetics ikhoza kutiuza zambiri za agalu athu. Kuwona kuti galu wanu ndi gawo la Greyhound ndipo gawo la Doberman ndi nsonga chabe ya madzi oundana. Ma genetic code amatipatsanso chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza umunthu womwe ungakhalepo, momwe matenda amabadwa, kukula kwa galu wanu, komanso ngati adzakhetsa mtsogolo kapena ayi.

Ngakhale tikudziwa kuti sizinthu zokhazo, DNA ya galu imatha kuneneratu ngati galu angakhale ndi matenda enaake. Ma genetic angavumbulutse ngati galu ali ndi masinthidwe osinthika omwe angayambitse matenda, ndipo kudziwa koteroko kumatheketsa eni ziweto kutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Mwachitsanzo, MDR1 ndi jini yomwe imakhala ndi masinthidwe omwe amapangitsa galu kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala enaake. Agalu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa MDR1 amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Malinga ndi University of Washington Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, kuyesa galu wanu kuti ali ndi kusintha kwa jini ya MDR1 kumatha kuwathandiza kupewa izi.

Heredity ndi malo okhala

Njira yosavuta kumvetsetsa DNA galu ndi kuganiza za izo monga maziko a galu wanu thupi, kudziwa osati thupi koma makhalidwe komanso. M'mbiri yakale, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti majini amaneneratu zam'tsogolo zosapeŵeka - ngati mutakhala ndi chibadwa cha matenda, mudzapeza matendawa. Koma tsopano tikudziwa kuti ngati genotype ili ndi cholembera, izi sizikutanthauza kuti galu adzakhala ndi matenda m'tsogolomu.

M’mawu ena, DNA ya galu siitchula tsogolo lake. Magazini ya Discover ikufotokoza kuti chifukwa cha zimenezi ndi mkangano wa zinthu zina zotchedwa epigenetics zimene zimakhudza khalidwe ndi kaonekedwe ka majini (kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa) popanda kusintha mpangidwe wawo. Epigenetics imaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zobadwa nazo zomwe zimakhudza kafotokozedwe ndi chilengedwe.

Mphamvu ya epigenetics

Asayansi tsopano akumvetsa kuti zinthu zachilengedwe monga kupsinjika maganizo, matenda, zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri poyendetsa jini kusiyana ndi momwe ankaganizira poyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mkati mwake ndi momwe timakhalira, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhalamo, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe zimaganiziridwa kale ndipo zikungoyamba kumveka. Mwa anthu, zinthu zimenezi zingakhudzenso mibadwo yamtsogolo. Kafukufuku wina wa ku Sweden m’magazini yotchedwa European Journal of Human Genetics anapeza kuti zidzukulu za amuna amene ankadya kwambiri paubwana wawo n’zosavuta kudwala matenda a shuga ndi mtima chifukwa chodya kwambiri!

Mofanana ndi anthu, moyo wa galu ndi chilengedwe chake zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi DNA yake kuti zikhudze kusintha kwa epigenetic. Ngakhale mwana wagalu wanu ali ndi genotype yoyenera, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza epigenetics, monga moyo wongokhala kapena kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi, zingasokoneze maziko a thanzi lake. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusunga mwana wanu wathanzi momwe mungathere kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto lomwe mtundu wake umakonzekera.

Nutrigenomics: zakudya + genetics

Mwambi wakale uwu ndi wowona kwa ife ndi ziweto zathu: inu ndi zomwe mumadya. Nutrition ndiyoyendetsa mwamphamvu pakusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumakhudza DNA ya galu wanu. Zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zimatha kukhudza ntchito kapena mawonekedwe a jini, ndipo zimatha kusintha momwe matenda amtundu amawonekera. Kuphunzira za zotsatira za zakudya pa genome kumadziwika kuti nutrigenomics. Sayansi yamakono siyingapatse dokotala njira yamatsenga kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, koma uwu ndi gawo latsopano losangalatsa lamankhwala oteteza ziweto zathu.

Kodi mungakhudze bwanji thanzi la chibadwa cha galu? Chitani zomwe mungathe kuti mulimbikitse epigenetic factor: muchepetse kupsinjika kwake, muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikumupatsa chakudya chathanzi. Kusankha zakudya zathanzi, zofufuza za ziweto zomwe zafufuzidwa mozama ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti ndizopindulitsa pa biology ya mwana wanu ndi sitepe yoyamba yabwino. Simungathe kusintha dongosolo lake lobadwa nalo, koma kudziwa pang'ono za majini kungakuthandizeni kuti galu wanu akhale wosangalala komanso wathanzi.