Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya hamster: mawonekedwe ndi zina

Hamsters amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka ku America, Europe, madera ena a Africa ndi Asia. Makoswe amakonda nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe. Amapezekanso m'zipululu ndi mapiri, omwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita 2,5 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mitundu ya Hamster

Masiku ano pali mitundu yopitilira 60 ya hamster, yomwe ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 240.

Hamster wamba

Kutalika kwa nyamayi ndi 25-30 cm. Ili ndi mtundu wowala. Choncho, kumtunda kwa thupi kumakhala kofiira, kumunsi ndi kwakuda, ndipo mawanga atatu oyera amawonekera pambali ndi pachifuwa. Miyendo ya hamster ndi yoyera. M'chilengedwe, pafupifupi anthu akuda amapezeka.

Mtundu uwu wa hamster umakhala kum'mwera kwa Europe, komanso kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan ndi Western Siberia.

Nyama imakonda kulimba mu chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, amapanga mikwingwirima yovuta yokhala ndi ma pantries angapo. Mtunda pakati pa njira yayikulu ndi zipinda zodyeramo zisa ukhoza kufika 2,5 m. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa autumn, nkhokwe zonse zimadzazidwa ndi tirigu, chimanga, kaloti, mbatata ndi zinthu zina. Kulemera konse kwa masheya kumatha kukhala 15-20 kg. M’chilimwe, nyamazo zimadya udzu, njere ndi mizu. Tizilombo ngakhalenso nyama zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo mbewa, zimapezeka muzakudya.

Ngati nkhandwe kapena mdani wina aliyense atsekereza njira yopita kudzenje, hamster imatha kudumpha ndikuluma mwamphamvu.

Pali ana 10 mu ana amodzi. Nthawi zina chiwerengerochi chimafika makope 15-20.

Hamster wamba imatengedwa ngati tizilombo, ndipo khungu lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ubweya wotchipa.

Nyama yotereyi imakhala ku Primorye, komanso madera ena a Korea ndi China. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika 20-25 cm. Ubweya uli nawo mtundu wa imvi-bulauni, zomwe zimawunikira pansi. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa mtundu uwu wa hamster ndi makoswe ena ndi mchira wawo wobiriwira, komanso makutu akuluakulu ndi miyendo yoyera.

Mbeu zazikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa m'zipinda zosungiramo nyama. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti alimi aku China nthawi zambiri amayang'ana makapu awa kuti awonjezere masheya awo.

Yaikazi imadyetsa ana 2-3 pa nyengo. Chiwerengero cha ana mu aliyense wa iwo ndi kuyambira 10 mpaka 20.

imvi hamster

Nyama imeneyi imakhala moyo m'chigawo cha Europe cha Russia, komanso ku Caucasus ndi kum'mwera kwa Western Siberia. Monga lamulo, mutha kukumana ndi mtunduwo mu phala ndi mapiri, komanso m'minda yaulimi.

Kanyama kakang'ono kameneka kamakhala ndi thupi la 10-13 cm. Ili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, mlomo wakuthwa, ndi ubweya waufupi. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wofiyira-mchenga.

Zakudya za hamster imvi zimachokera ku zomera zakutchire komanso zolimidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimadya molluscs zapadziko lapansi, dzombe, mphutsi za tizilombo ndi nyerere. Kubala kumayamba mu April ndipo kumatha mpaka October. Mu nyengo imodzi, yaikazi imadyetsa ana 3, okhala ndi ana 5-10.

Hamster wa Eversmann

Hamster yotereyi imapezeka pafupi ndi pakati pa Volga ndi kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Aral, kumene imapezeka pamatope amchere, minda ya tirigu ndi nthaka yaulimi.

Kufotokozera za nyama:

• mchira wawung'ono;
• zazifupi zazifupi;
• makutu ang'onoang'ono;
• ma tubercles owoneka bwino a digito;
• wophatikizidwa mchira waukulu;
• malaya amtundu amasiyana kuchokera ku phulusa-mchenga mpaka wakuda ndi woyera;
• ubweya wake ndi waufupi komanso wowoneka bwino pokhudza.

Makoswe amadya mphukira, njere ndi tizilombo. Mabowo a hamster ya Eversmann ndi osavuta. M'malo mwake, iyi ndiye khomo lalikulu komanso zipinda zingapo zofanana zachisa. Pali ana 4-5 pa chinyalala chilichonse.

Djungarian hamster

Ichi ndi nyama yophunziridwa kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka ku Western Siberia, Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan. Zitha kupezeka m'minda yambewu komanso m'malo olimidwa. Akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 10 cm.

Maonekedwe:

• mlomo woloza;
• makutu ang'onoang'ono;
• ubweya wambiri pampando;
• ocher kapena bulauni-imvi kumbuyo;
• m'mimba mwanga;
• nsonga yopapatiza yakuda pamphepete;
• miyendo yoyera.

Mtundu wa hamster wa Djungarian umasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Chifukwa chake, m'chilimwe makoswe amakhala ndi utoto wotuwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amakhala oyera ndi sheen wasiliva.

Zakudya zachokera mbewu, tizilombo ndi zomera mphukira. Yaikazi imadyetsa ana 3-4 pa nyengo, kubweretsa ana 6-12. Amakula mwachangu ndipo amatha kuswana pakatha miyezi inayi.

Ma hamster a Djungarian nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ziweto. Ali pafupifupi wopanda fungo malinga ndi mlungu uliwonse kuyeretsa khola ndi ntchito wosanjikiza utuchi 3 cm mkulu. Hamsters oterowo samaluma. Amakhala achangu komanso amphamvu. Pa kuswana, makoswe amasungidwa pawiri. Nthawi ya moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 3.

Roborovsky hamster

Nyama yotereyi imakhala m’chipululu cha mchenga. Amadyetsa mbewu za tulips, beets, komanso chimanga. Tizilombo ndi osowa mu zakudya.

Mtundu uwu wa hamster mphuno yamphuno, makutu akuluakulu ozungulira, miyendo yowongoka, yofiira-chikasu kumbuyo, peritoneum yoyera.

Hamsters amagwira ntchito kwambiri pakada mdima. Amakumba mazenje osaya kuchokera m'njira zingapo komanso chipinda chosungiramo zisa. Pali ana pafupifupi 5-9 pa chinyalala chilichonse.

Hamster ya Roborovsky nthawi zambiri imakula kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kukonzekera khola lachitsulo ndi mchenga wa 2-3 cm. Muyeneranso kuyika miyala yochepa, moss, timitengo tating'ono, bokosi la ana ndi nyama zonse.

Oyenera kudyetsedwa kunyumba mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mukhozanso kupereka masamba a dandelion, mkate woviikidwa mu mkaka, mphutsi za ufa ndi oatmeal. Musanayambe kuswana, muyenera kuwonjezera mapuloteni ambiri pazakudya.

hamster wagolide

Ichi ndi kanyama kakang'ono kofanana ndi hamster wamba. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kufatsa ndi kusavulaza. Makoswe amatha kuswana pakatha miyezi 1,5. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zasayansi.

Nyamayi ndi yoyenda kwambiri komanso yogwira ntchito. Amadzaza masaya ake ndi chakudya mwanjira yoseketsa ndipo samaluma ngati mwamunyamula. Mutha kulola hamster yotere kuyenda kuzungulira nyumbayo pokhapokha atazolowera eni ake.

Peyala imodzi idzafunika khola ndi miyeso 40x30x30 cm. Kumeneko muyenera kuyika nyumba yaing'ono yamatabwa ndikuyala udzu kapena udzu.

Hamster wagolide amafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, osakaniza oat, fulakesi, chimanga ndi mapira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komanso muzakudya ziyenera kuimiridwa ndi zomera zatsopano, zomwe ndi kaloti, tradescantia ndi letesi. Mkaka ndi madzi ochepa chabe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumwa.

Hamster amaswana pa kutentha kwa 22-24º C. Amabweretsa ana a pachaka. Makoswewa sangatchedwe makolo osamala. Mwamwayi, anawo amakhala olimba kwambiri. Amakula mofulumira ndipo kale pa tsiku la 10 amatha kudya chakudya chofanana ndi akuluakulu. Ana sayenera kunyamulidwa, apo ayi wamkazi adzawononga ana.

Hamster wa Taylor wamba

Izi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala ku New World. Kutalika kwawo ndi osapitirira 5-8 cm, ndi kulemera - 7-8 g. Hamster zotere zimapezeka ku Arizona, Southern Mexico, komanso Central America. Makoswe amakhala m’malo a udzu wautali wokhuthala. Amakonza zisa zawo pansi pa chitsamba kapena pafupi ndi miyala.

Maziko a zakudya ndi mbewu, udzu ndi ena tizilombo. Kuswana kwa makoswe kumawonedwa chaka chonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 20, kenako ana 3-5 amabadwa. Nthawi zina pamakhala ana 10 kapena kuposerapo pachaka. Yaimuna imakhala ndi zazikazi ndi kusamalira ana.

Hamster wamba amatha kukulira m'nyumba. Saluma ndipo amazolowera mwiniwake mwachangu.

Mitundu ina

• Ciscaucasian hamster amakhala ku Ciscaucasia, komanso ku North Caucasus. Amapezeka m'mapiri ndi m'mapiri a alpine. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 20-25 cm, ndipo mchira ndi 1 cm. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi zofiira zofiira, pamene pali mizere iwiri yakuda yakuda kumbali.
• Hamster ya Transcaucasus imakhala kumapiri a Dagestan. Amakhazikika pamapiri odekha komanso m'minda. Ili ndi chifuwa chakuda, mimba yotuwa, miyendo yoyera ndi mphuno.
• Dahurian hamster zopezeka ku Russia. Ili ndi ubweya wofiira kapena wofiirira. Kuyambira pamphumi, mzere wakuda umayenda kumbuyo konse. Makoswe amatha kupezeka m'mphepete, pafupi ndi tchire, kunja kwa minda komanso m'mapiri amchenga. Maziko a zakudya ndi mbewu ndi tizilombo. M’nyengo yozizira, nyamayo imagona kwa masiku angapo.
• Hamster ya Trans-Baikal imapezeka m'zigwa za mitsinje. Akhozanso kukhala m’nyumba. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi 10 cm, ndipo mchira ndi 2 cm.
• Hamster wamchira wautali amakhala ku Transbaikalia, komanso m'mapiri amapiri a Sayan. Kutalika kwa nyama yotuwa kapena yofiira ndi pafupifupi 10 cm. Kumtunda kwa mchira kumakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda, ndipo kumunsi kumakhala kowala. Makoswe amadya ma amondi akutchire, chimanga ndi tizilombo tina.
• hamster ya miyendo yoyera Kunja kumafanana ndi mbewa zakutchire kapena mbewa. Kutalika kwa thupi la makoswe ndi 9-16 cm. Akuluakulu amalemera 20-60 g. Nyama zoterezi zimatha kudya mtedza ndi zipatso, njere zamitengo, ndi bowa. Hamsters amakhala awiriawiri okhazikika, ndiye kuti, atawoneka ana, mwamuna samasiya mkazi wake. M'chilengedwe, makoswe amakhala zaka 2. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo m'nyumba chimafika zaka 5-6.
• Hamster waku Mongolia amakhala m'zipululu ndi mchenga wa Tuva. Ali ndi chovala chopepuka kwambiri, ndipo palibe mawanga akuda pachifuwa chake. Makoswe amadya tizilombo, masamba, mizu ndi njere. M'nyengo yozizira, iye nthawi hibernates.
• Hamster altiplano amakhala m'zigwa. Zikuwoneka ngati gerbil. Ubweya wake uli ndi mtundu wofiirira wachikasu. Maziko a zakudya zosiyanasiyana tizilombo.

Hamster ndiye makoswe omwe amakonda kuwasunga ngati ziweto. Nyama zimenezi ndi zokongola kwambiri, odzichepetsa ndi ochezeka. Komabe, musanasankhe nyamayi, ndikofunikira kuganizira za mtundu wake, chifukwa si ma hamster onse omwe amakhala m'nyumba.