Makoswe okongoletsera

Mbiri yoweta makoswe inayamba ku Middle Ages. Jack Black, wopha makoswe pabwalo la Mfumukazi Victoria chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1906, adagwira makoswe amtchire otuwa a Rattus norvegicus (Pasyuk, makoswe waku Norway) ndi manja ake, anali ndi chidziwitso chambiri ndikusunga makoswe omwe adagwidwawo mu khola lapadera. amene ankavala m’malo mwa sutikesi. Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga tizirombo, Jack Black adasunga nyama zamitundu, zoyera kapena zamawanga zomwe zidabwera kwa iye ndikuziweta, kukhazikika komanso mitundu yatsopano. Makoswe okongoletsera m'nthawi ya Victorian anali otchuka ngati mbalame. Azimayi ena amasunga makoswe m'makola okongola, pakati pawo panali Mfumukazi Victoria (anali ndi makoswe amodzi kapena awiri). Jack adabweretsanso makoswe kuti aphunzitse agalu otchera makoswe ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, kufalikira kwa makoswe - makoswe, mpaka zana, ndipo galu (makamaka terriers) adalowetsedwa mu dzenje kapena cholembera, nthawi ndi mitengo zidalengezedwa, kenako. chiwerengero cha makoswe omwe anaphedwa ndi galuyo chinawerengedwa . Pambuyo pake, zosangalatsa zoterozo zinatopetsa anthu, monga ng’ombe ndi chimbalangondo chonyamulira, kuloŵerera m’ndewu za agalu, zimene lero zaletsedwa pafupifupi m’maiko onse a dziko lapansi. Mu 1950, mzere wa makoswe a labotale a albino unakhazikitsidwa ku Philadelphia, panthawiyo yoyamba ndi imodzi yokha yomwe inalandira dzina lake - mzere wa Wistar, pa malo. Mzerewu unayambitsa mizere ina yambiri ya labotale ya makoswe (osati ma albino okha) ndipo inatha mpaka 1901. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera pamzerewu, podutsa ndi makoswe a imvi, makoswe oyambirira okongoletsera anapezedwa - zipewa zakuda. Mu 1976, miyezo yoyamba ya mitundu yokongoletsera ya makoswe idakhazikitsidwa ku England. Bungwe loyamba la makoswe onse m'mbiri, National Fancy Rat Society linakhazikitsidwa mu 1978 ku Ulaya. Ku America, kalabu yoyamba ya mbewa ndi makoswe idawonekera mu 1983, ndipo mu XNUMX American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA) idakhazikitsidwa. Mitundu ya makoswe okongoletsera Makoswe okongoletsera amagawidwa kukhala "zosiyanasiyana" malinga ndi makhalidwe ena. Mawu oti "kubereka" pokhudzana ndi makoswe okongoletsera sagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu ofanana ndi mawu akuti "zosiyanasiyana". Miyezo - zofunikira zina zamayunifolomu zamtundu wa thupi, mtundu, ndi zina zotero zofunika pakuwunika nyama paziwonetsero, mpikisano ndi mawonetsero. Mayiko osiyanasiyana adziko lapansi amatengera zomwe akufuna ndipo palibe dongosolo limodzi logawa mitundu (mitundu) ya makoswe okongola. Miyezo yovomerezeka komanso yakale kwambiri yamitundu yokongola ya makoswe akunyumba imatengedwa kuti ndi miyezo ya National Decorative Rat Society of Great Britain (NFRS) ndi American Decorative Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA). Makoswe okongoletsera amagawidwa m'magulu angapo, magawo ndi zizindikiro. Maina ena atsitsi ndi amitundu adabwereka kwa amphaka ndi agalu (monga Sphynx, Husky, Rex, Manx, etc.).

thupi mtundu

• Standard (Standard) - mtundu wodziwika bwino wa makoswe omwe ali ndi thupi lofanana ndi tsitsi losalala.
• Zopanda mchira (Manx, Tailless) - makoswe opanda mchira.
• Dumbo (Dumbo) - makoswe amtunduwu ali ndi makutu otsika, omwe amapereka maonekedwe okongola kwa nkhope ya makoswe.

Mtundu wa ubweya

• Standard (Standard) - mtundu wodziwika bwino wa makoswe wokhala ndi malaya amfupi, osalala komanso onyezimira.
• Satin (Satin) - makoswe okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lowala. Ku Russia, amagawidwa kukhala osagwirizana.
• Bristle (Bristle Coat) - makoswe okhala ndi tsitsi lakunja lolimba komanso lolimba.
• Wavy / Velveteen (Velveteen, Teddy, Wavy) - makoswe okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lofanana, lopiringizika pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala wavy. Chovalacho chikhoza kuwoneka chophwanyika chifukwa cha wavy, koma sichiyenera kuwoneka chakuda, chophwanyika, kapena chosagwirizana.
• Velor (Velor) - chovala cha makoswe ndi chachifupi kwambiri, chophwanyika, chopotoka, chopotoka mwamphamvu. Ku Russia, gulu ili la mitundu yosiyanasiyana limasankhidwa kukhala losakhazikika.
• Curly (Rex) - makoswe amakhala ndi malaya owundana, ofupikitsa komanso opindika, onyezimira pang'ono kuposa muyezo, komanso wokulirapo. Masharubu ndi opiringizika komanso aafupi kuposa masiku onse.
• Double-rex (double-rex, patchwork) - kapangidwe ka malaya amaphatikizidwa, m'malo ena opanda kanthu (kuchokera ku sphinxes), m'malo ena - tsitsi lalifupi, lopindika (kuchokera ku rexes). Mafani ena amatcha fomu iyi kuvula. Ku Russia, gulu ili la mitundu yosiyanasiyana limasankhidwa kukhala lopanda muyezo.
• Downy / Fuzz (Fuzz) - makoswe okhala ndi zoonda kwambiri, zofewa komanso zazifupi pansi.
• Sphinxes (Wopanda tsitsi) - makoswe wamaliseche, ndi khungu lotanuka, ofewa mpaka kukhudza. Pamaso, paws ndi masaya pali fluff. 

Mitundu ya makoswe

Uniform (kudzikonda) - mtundu ndi yunifolomu thupi lonse.

• Black
• Beige
• Platinum
• Blue
• Buluu wosuta (Powder Blue)
• Buluu waku Russia (Russian Blue)
• English mink (Mink)
• American Mink (Mock Mink, American Mink, Havana)
• Siliva waku Russia (Silver waku Russia)
• Ivory
• White ndi maso akuda (Black-eyed White)
• Oyera ndi maso ofiira (Woyera wamaso apinki, Albino)

Ticked (ticked) - tsitsi lililonse limapakidwa utoto wamitundu ingapo patali lonse la tsitsi.

• Agouti
• Фавн (Fawn, Dark Topazi, Orange)
• Sinamoni (Sinamoni)
• topazi
• Pearl sinamoni (Cinnamon Pearl)
• Pearl (ngale)
• Blue Agouti/Opal (Blue Agouti, Opal)
• Russian Blue Agouti
• Platinum Agouti (Platinum Agouti)
• Amber

Kuphatikiza - mtundu wopangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo.

• Black Eyed Himalayan 
• Siamese wokhala ndi maso akuda (Black Eyed Siamese) 
• Himalayan Blue (Blue Point Himalayan)
• Siamese Blue (Blue Point Siamese)
• m'Chibama
• Himalayan
• Siamese (Mink Point Siamese)
• Siamese Russian Blue (Russian Blue Point Siamese)
• Russian Burmese/Russian Burmese (Russian Burmese) 
• Sable Burmese / Sable Burmese 
• Seal Point Siamese 
• Wheaten Burmese (WheatenBurmese/Agouti Burmese)

Siliva - chovalacho chimakhala ndi tsitsi lasiliva-imvi komanso loyambira, nthawi zambiri loyera. Siliva imatha kukhala yamitundu yodziwika, yolimba kapena yomatira. Mbali ya mitundu ya gawoli ndikusinthana kwa tsitsi la siliva ndi mtundu wofanana. Tsitsi lililonse lasiliva liyenera kukhala loyera momwe lingathere, ngakhale kuti nsonga ya tsitsi lamitundu ndi yovomerezeka. Mitundu ya siliva iyenera kupereka chithunzi chonse cha kunyezimira, kunyezimira. Mukalowetsedwa ndi tsitsi loyera lochepa, mtunduwo sumaonedwa ngati siliva. Siliva iyenera kutchulidwa kuti mtundu wa siliva sungasokonezeke ndi ngale (Ngale) kapena yunifolomu iliyonse (Self).

Zolemba zamitundu

Kulemba chizindikiro ndi chitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwina kwa malo oyera ndi amitundu a malaya a nyama. Mitundu yomwe ili yosakanikirana ndi malo oyera ndi amitundu imatchedwa chizindikiro.

• Cholimba (Self) - mtundu wopanda mawonekedwe oyera kapena mawanga.
• European raincoat (European Berkshire) - Thupi la mtundu uliwonse, malo oyera pamimba ndi pachifuwa. Zolemba malire ndizosavuta komanso zomveka. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yoyera mpaka ku akakolo, yakutsogolo ndi yoyera theka, ndipo theka la mchira ndi loyera. Ndizofunikira kukhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono koyera pamutu. 
• Chovala cha ku America (American Berkshire) - Thupi la mtundu uliwonse, thupi lonse la pansi: mimba, chifuwa, khosi, mkati mwa paws - zoyera kwathunthu. Choyera sayenera kupita kumbali. Malire pakati pa utoto wapamwamba ndi pansi woyera ayenera kukhala omveka komanso ngakhale. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yoyera mpaka ku akakolo, yakutsogolo mpaka m’chigongono. Mchirawo ndi woyera mwatheka. Ndizofunikira kukhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono koyera pamphumi pakati pa makutu. 
• Anglo-Irish (English Irish) - Thupi la mtundu uliwonse, katatu koyera pachifuwa, "magolovesi" oyera pamiyendo yakutsogolo, mapazi akumbuyo ndi theka loyera. Malowa samapita pamimba, amatenga malo onse pakati pa miyendo yakutsogolo. 
• Irish (Irish) - Thupi la mtundu uliwonse, malo oyera pamimba, "magolovesi" oyera kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, nsonga yoyera ya mchira (mpaka kotala la kutalika kwake). Maonekedwe a malowa ndi monga momwe angathere, ozungulira kapena oval. Malo amtundu wopapatiza (pafupifupi centimita m'lifupi) amavomerezedwa. Choyera sichiyenera kupita kumbali, paws kapena chifuwa.
• Zovala - Gawo lopaka utoto limaphimba mutu, khosi, chifuwa ndi mapewa ndipo limathera ndi mzere womwe umatsikira kumbuyo mpaka kumchira, ndipo 2/3 ya mchira iyenera kupakidwa utoto. 
• Zomanga - Khosi, chifuwa, mimba, mbali zonse ndi zikhatho zonse zoyera. Pamwamba pamutu pali utoto; mtundu sayenera kudutsa pachibwano. Kuyambira pamutu, kugwira makutu, pamwamba pa mapewa, mzere wachikuda (sitima) umayenda kumbuyo konse. M'lifupi mwake m'lifupi mwake ndi wofanana ndi m'lifupi mwake. Mchirawo ndi utoto osachepera 2/3.

Blaze - Zoyera zowoneka ngati V zowoneka ngati V pakamwa, kuyambira mphuno mpaka pamphumi.

• Blazed Banded 
• Chovala choyaka (Blazed Berkshire)
• Kepkovy / Capped - Kumtunda kwa mutu kumapakidwa utoto. Malowa sali otalikirapo kuposa makutu ndipo sapita kuchibwano. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malo oyera kapena mphero pamphuno (mpheteyo imayambira pakhosi, kung'amba pakati pa makutu, kumathera pamphumi). Thupi lonselo ndi loyera.
• Husky raincoat (Badger husky) - chizindikiro ichi chili ndi mtundu wa "roan". Mbali zamkati za thupi ndi mutu ndizoyera kotheratu. Pamutu pamakhala moto, ndipo mchira wapakidwa utoto.
• Mawanga (Varigated) - mutu ndi mapewa ndi utoto, payenera kukhala malo (pamphumi) kapena moto. Mbali zotsala za kumtunda kwa makoswe ndi zoyera ndi mawanga. Mbali yapansi ya thupi ndi yoyera.

Ndipo ena. Komanso khoswe akhoza kukhala wachirendo. Mu makoswe a maso osamvetseka, diso limodzi ndi lofiira ndipo lina ndi lakuda kapena ruby. Makoswe a maso osamvetseka akhoza kukhala amtundu uliwonse wa mitundu ndi zizindikiro.

Makhalidwe a makoswe okongoletsera

Amuna amalemera magalamu 400-850 (kawirikawiri), akazi - 250-500 magalamu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha, okonda zoweta kuti alowe m'manja mwa eni ake, akazi amakhala otanganidwa komanso osakhazikika. Avereji ya moyo wa makoswe ndi zaka 2,5-3, nthawi zina amakhala zaka 4, moyo wapamwamba wa makoswe wapakhomo lero ndi zaka 7 ndi miyezi inayi. Makoswe ndi nyama zachonde. Mkazi mmodzi akhoza kubweretsa ana oposa 4 mu chinyalala chimodzi. Mkazi akhoza kutenga pakati ngakhale pa nthawi ya kudyetsa ana. Pachifukwa ichi, kusamalidwa pamodzi kwa nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikosayenera kwambiri. Kuthena nkotheka, koma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazifukwa zachipatala komanso kuwongolera nkhanza za amuna. Pa avareji, amuna amakhwima pakugonana ali ndi zaka 14, koma akazi amatha kutenga pakati kwambiri kuposa nthawiyi. Kuti mupeze ana athanzi, makwerero oyamba aakazi ndi ofunikira ali ndi miyezi 6-5, wamwamuna pambuyo pa chaka, pomwe mawonekedwe ake amapangidwa. AT

Kutalika kwa mimba mu makoswe nthawi zambiri ndi masiku 21-24. Pambuyo pa kubadwa, ana a makoswe ayenera kukhala ndi amayi awo kwa milungu yosachepera 5, chifukwa panthawiyi chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangidwa ndipo kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuyanjana kumachitika..

Makoswe ndi ochezera, ndikofunika kuwasunga awiriawiri kapena magulu, kuti apewe kubereka kosalekeza, kumenyana ndi kupsinjika maganizo - kugonana komweko. Amagwirizana bwino ngati mutenga ana a makoswe a msinkhu womwewo, onse omwe ali ndi littermate komanso ochokera kumalo osiyanasiyana, adzakhala omasuka komanso osangalatsa. Poyamba, ndewu ndizotheka, koma nthawi zambiri izi ndi chiwonetsero chophweka cha maubwenzi ndi maulamuliro, sizimayambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa wina ndi mzake, ngakhale zimakoka wina ndi mzake ndikugwedeza kwambiri. Makoswe omwe amakhala m’gulu amaseŵera limodzi, amagona, ndiponso amasamalirana.

Kukonza makoswe okongoletsera

Cell

Khola la makoswe ndi nyumba yake, malo ake omwe amathera nthawi yambiri ndi moyo wake. Mu khola, makoswe amagona, amadya, amapita kuchimbudzi, kusewera, ndipo pazochitika zonsezi, khola liyenera kukhala loyenera komanso lokonzekera bwino. Selo liyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa okhalamo, ndikukhala osachepera 60x40x40, ndipo makamaka kuposa. Kutalika kwakukulu pakati pa mipiringidzo sikuyenera kupitirira 1,7 cm. Kwa amuna akuluakulu, 2 masentimita amaloledwanso, koma izi zimagwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu, amuna akuluakulu, akazi ndi makanda "amatha" kudutsa mipiringidzo. Khola lokonzekera bwino liyenera kukhala ndi nyumba, ma hammocks, mashelefu, makwerero kapena mabwalo, ndipo, ndithudi, miyala yamchere, mbale ndi mbale yakumwa. Makona apulasitiki ndi nsalu a m'mimba mwake yoyenera, zimbudzi zamakona, madengu, ndi zina zotero sizidzasokoneza. Pakadali pano, zida zingapo za makoswe ndizokulirapo, ndipo zina zomwe zikusowa zitha "kubwereka" kuchokera ku nkhumba, akalulu, zinkhwe, amphaka ndi ferrets, kapena mutha kupanga ndi manja anu.

Kukonzekera kwa selo ndi zipangizo

House

Miyeso ya nyumbayo iyenera kukhala kotero kuti makoswe amatha kuyimirira momasuka popanda kukhudza "denga" ndi msana / mutu wake, ndipo amatha kutambasula atagona, ndipo makoswe onse ayenera kuikidwa m'nyumba ngati akufuna kunama. pamenepo pamodzi. Khoswelo liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira kuti khoswe asatsekeremo. Kwa nyama zambiri, ndizofunika kukhala ndi zipata ziwiri kapena zingapo m'nyumba. Nyumbayo imatha kupangidwa ndi matabwa kapena nsalu (zowonjezera - kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe ndi chitetezo, minuses - kuyamwa kwa fungo ndi chinyezi, komanso kutafuna mosavuta, makamaka nyumba za nsalu), pulasitiki yolimba (plus - sichimamwa fungo, yosavuta kuyeretsa, kuipa - osati otetezeka kwambiri pamene kutafuna ), plywood (yochepa yabwino: izo zimatenga fungo ndi chinyezi, mosavuta gnaws ndi lili ndi guluu, amene angakhale osatetezeka), ndi makatoni (amafunika pafupipafupi m'malo, pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata). Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya ceramic yokhazikika, coconut kapena mabasiketi a wicker ngati nyumba.  

Hammock

Bedi lopachikidwa lopangidwa ndi nsalu, ngakhale pali zosankha zonse zoluka komanso za wicker. Ma hammocks amatha kugulidwa m'masitolo a ziweto, ma hammocks opangidwa ndi manja amatha kugulidwa kwa amisiri, ndipo amathanso kusokedwa, kuluka kuchokera ku thonje wandiweyani kapena kupanga nokha kuchokera ku zingwe zosafunikira za nsalu kapena zovala zakale, njira yosavuta kwambiri ndi chidutswa cha manja. kapena thumba lodulidwa ku zovala zosafunika.

Ma hammocks amagawidwa kukhala otsekedwa ndi otseguka: ma hammocks otsekedwa amakhala ocheperapo "bowo" pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za nsalu ndipo amatha kukhala ngati pogona makoswe kuchokera ku kuwala kapena kuzizira, ma hammocks otseguka nthawi zambiri amakhala wosanjikiza umodzi wa nsalu yomwe khoswe. akhoza kunama. Komanso, ma hammocks amagawidwa kukhala kuwala (chilimwe) opangidwa ndi nsalu zopyapyala komanso zotetezedwa kuchokera kumagulu angapo a nsalu. Makoswe ambiri amasamalira hammocks mwachikondi ndipo amakhala okonzeka kukhalamo kwa masiku ambiri, pamene ena amanyalanyaza ma hammocks. Khoswe akhoza "kukongoletsa" hammock kuti ikhale ndi kukoma kwake, kuluma mabowo m'malo omwe amawona kuti ndi oyenera.  

Wakumwa

Chidebe chamadzi chikhoza kukhala mbale yokhazikika kapena zakumwa zapadera kuchokera ku sitolo ya ziweto. Bowl: kuchotsera - madzi omwe ali mmenemo amaipitsidwa mofulumira kwambiri ndi zotsalira za chakudya kuchokera ku mapazi a nyama, zodzaza, ndi zina zotero, kukhala osayenera kumwa, komanso amatembenuka mosavuta, kuwononga zodzaza ndi kusiya makoswe opanda madzi. Choncho, muyenera kusintha madzi m'mbale osachepera 2 pa tsiku ndi osakonzekera pamene adetsedwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mbale zolemera za ceramic zokha kapena mbale zokhala ndi zoyikapo. Chakumwa: kugwiritsa ntchito chakumwa kumathetsa kuipitsidwa kwamadzi ndi makina, koma zitsanzo zina zimatha "kupanikizana" kapena mosemphanitsa, kudontha mosalekeza, kotero kuti makoswe amathanso kusiyidwa osamwa tsiku lonse. Choncho, ndi zofunika kuti nthawi zonse pakhale osachepera awiri omwe amamwa mu khola, ndipo mutatha kuthira madzi atsopano mu wakumwa, muyenera kuyang'ana ndi chala chanu ngati madzi akuyenda. Nthawi zambiri, omwe amamwa mpira ndi nsonga zamabele amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amamangiriridwa kunja kwa khola, kuti aletse makoswe kuti asamakulumphire m'chidebe chamadzi.

Wodyetsa / mbale

Nthawi zambiri, mbale ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: imodzi, yokulirapo, yowuma, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala mu khola, ndipo yachiwiri ndi zakudya zowonjezera monga masamba / zipatso, mkaka ndi mapuloteni.

Choyamba, mbale zimasiyana mu kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo yoyika mu khola. Mbale zosavuta zimapangidwa ngati "mbale" ndipo zimangoyikidwa pa alumali kapena mu tray, mbale zokhala ndi zomangira zimapachikidwa pazitsulo za khola. Kwa makoswe awiri kapena atatu, njira iliyonse idzachita, koma zowonjezera, khola lalikulu "mbale" ndilofunika, lomwe makoswe amatha kuzungulira kumbali zonse ndikudya popanda kusokonezana. Mitsuko imatha kukhala zitsulo (zowonjezera - zosakuta, zosavuta kuyeretsa, sizimayamwa fungo, zowononga - zosavuta kutembenuza ndi kusuntha, kugwedeza), mbale zachitsulo ndizofunika kumangiriridwa. Miphika yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yolimba (zophatikiza - zosavuta kuyeretsa, sizimayamwa fungo, minuses - zotafuna, zowala). Magalasi a ceramic kapena wandiweyani ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya mbale za "mbale", monga mbale zopangidwa ndi zipangizozi zimakhala zolemetsa komanso zokhazikika, sizingatembenuzidwe. 

Chimbudzi

Makoswe amatha kuphunzira kupita ku thireyi ya makoswe, koma aliyense payekhapayekha, popeza pali zotsukira zoyenera, ndipo pali makoswe osasamala, ena amatha kunyalanyaza thireyiyo kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zina - ngati kama kapena nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Ngati makoswe ali oyera ndipo amapita kuchimbudzi pakona imodzi, mukhoza kukhazikitsa tray kumeneko. Ikhoza kukhala thireyi yapakona yapadera ya makoswe, akalulu kapena ferrets, kapena chidebe cha chakudya chopanda chivindikiro.

zosangalatsa

Kuti makoswe asatope, mutha kuyika zingwe, makwerero, ma ramp, tunnels zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi makatoni, zoseweretsa zamatabwa za makoswe ndi mbalame zotchedwa parrots, gudumu lothamanga mu khola (loyenera kukhala lolimba komanso lalikulu m'mimba mwake, kuti musavulale).

Cage filler

Zinyalala za khola zimathandiza kuti makoswe akhale aukhondo pamene amayamwa zinyalala ndipo pamlingo wina wake amachepetsa fungo losasangalatsa, amateteza ntchafu, mimba ndi michira ya makoswe ku zotsatira za zinyalala.

• Zodzaza masamba: udzu, chimanga
• Zopangira mapepala ndi zogona: mapadi, mapepala opukutirapo / matawulo;
• Matewera otaya

Zinyalala zamatabwa za makoswe

Utuchi ukadali wodzaza kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo ya coniferous, ndipo makoswe ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi singano monga kupsa mtima ndi kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti, komanso mapapo. Kuphatikiza apo, utuchi ukhoza kukhala wabwino kwambiri komanso wafumbi, komanso kukwiyitsa mucous nembanemba m'mphuno ndi maso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, utuchi waukulu wofewa wochokera ku nkhuni zopanda coniferous ukhoza kukhala wodzaza bwino ngati pali bodza pansi pa khola: makoswe sangathe kufika pa utuchi, utuchiwo poyankha sumapanga fumbi ndipo sulowa m'mphuno. maso. Muzochitika zina zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi ngati chodzaza makoswe osavomerezeka. Poyerekeza ndi utuchi yaing'ono, shavings kupambana mu chinthu chimodzi: ndi zazikulu, choncho alibe fumbi ndipo si kutsekereza mu mphuno ndi maso. Tchipisi tating'ono tating'ono topanda fumbi kuchokera kumitengo yopanda coniferous (deciduous) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazabodza ndikungotsanuliridwa mu mphasa kapena thireyi. Izi zili kutali ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, koma ili ndi ufulu wokhalapo ngati makoswe sachitapo kanthu ndi kukhalapo kwa chips ndi mphuno ndi mphuno. Coniferous, fumbi ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zodzaza.

Zodzaza matabwa pamsika zimayimiridwa ndi ma granules kapena pellets. Ma pellets amakhalabe mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa zodzaza, amasunga chinyezi komanso fungo labwino kuposa utuchi, koma amanjenjemera, fumbi, ndikugawanika kukhala fumbi lonyowa. Kudzaza matabwa ndikosavuta ngati pali pansi pa khola, muzochitika zina zonse sizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwa makoswe pamene zikuyenda, zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri pakhungu la miyendo ndipo zingayambitse pododermatitis. , ndipo mu mawonekedwe a fumbi akhoza kukwiyitsa mucous nembanemba wa mphuno ndi makoswe diso. Coniferous granules ndi pellets sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zodzaza.

Wood chips pakadali pano ndi njira yabwino yosinthira mitundu yonse ya zodzaza. Chonde dziwani kuti m'masitolo a ziweto amagulitsidwa ngati zodzaza ma terrariums komanso pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Mukhozanso kuzipeza popanda mavuto m'masitolo a hardware pansi pa dzina lakuti "chips kusuta". Ziphuphu zamatabwa sizikhala fumbi ndipo sizikwiyitsa mucous nembanemba, pokhapokha ngati matabwa olimba agwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuvulala kwa makoswe kumakhalanso mkati mwazovomerezeka, komabe, kwa okalamba, odwala, makoswe olemera kwambiri kapena makoswe omwe ali ndi predisposition to pododermatitis, sikuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa filler popanda pansi pake. Kwa makoswe ena onse, chodzazacho ndi choyenera kugona mu trays ndi pallet, komanso pansi pabodza. Nkhuni za coniferous sizikulimbikitsidwa.

Zamasamba zodzaza makoswe

Udzu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala za makoswe ndi osavomerezeka. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa masamba a udzu ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana, zimakhala zopweteka kwa maso a nyama zoyendayenda, kuphatikizapo, sizimasunga fungo ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zafumbi kotero kuti ndi kukhudzana kwa nthawi yaitali zingayambitse. zochita mu mawonekedwe a kutupa ndi kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba, sneezing. Kuonjezera apo, mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amabweretsedwa ndi ndowe ndi mkodzo wa nyama zakutchire akhoza kukhala mu udzu. Ngati mukufuna, poganizira zoopsa zonse, udzu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyenda, ndikupatsa makoswe kuti amange "zisa". Palibe chifukwa chodyera udzu wouma mu makoswe.

Chimanga chodzaza chimanga chimakhala ndi chimanga chophwanyidwa ndipo chimabwera m'mitundu itatu - kagawo kakang'ono, kagawo kakang'ono, kagawo kakang'ono ndi ma granules. Zodzaza makoswe pakali pano mwina ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa oweta makoswe. Mwatsoka, chimanga filler ali angapo kuipa: ndi phokoso ndithu; mu makoswe omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kapena chizolowezi cha pododermatitis, angayambitse kuvulala ndi kutupa kwa khungu la mapazi; zimakhala zovuta kuti aziyenda pamtunda wosakhazikika wotere, zimakhala zowawa zikapondedwa, ndipo makoswe ena amayesa kupewa chifukwa cha izi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ilibe zotsatira zoipa pa kupuma ndi mucous nembanemba, kotero makoswe omwe ali ndi matenda opuma kupuma nthawi zambiri amasamutsidwa kwa iwo, amasunga fungo ndi chinyezi bwino, ndipo chimanga chodzaza chimanga chimakhala chotetezeka kudya.

Mapepala odzaza makoswe

Pepala laofesi ngati chodzaza makoswe siloyenera. Zoyipa zake ndi zakuthwa m'mbali, zomwe zimatha kusiya mabala akulu kwambiri, komanso kusasunga fungo labwino komanso chinyezi. Komabe, mapepala ong'ambika (osati odulidwa!) m'mizere yayitali akhoza kukhala kukoma kwa makoswe omanga zisa komanso ntchito yosangalatsa padock.

Nyuzipepala, magazini ndi zinthu zina zosindikizidwa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu khola, monga kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito inki yosindikizira, mwa zina, kuyanika mafuta, phenols, formaldehyde, mafuta a petroleum, ma resins opangira, mchere wachitsulo (cobalt, manganese), aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero) * amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zinthu kapena kuda ndi theoretically angathe kuvulaza thanzi la makoswe chifukwa cha kuledzera aakulu, mwachitsanzo ndi wokhazikika ndi mwachindunji kukhudzana. Ndi zinthu zatsopano zosindikizidwa ndi zopangidwa zomwe zimasindikizidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, ndi bwino kuti musamagwirizane ndi chilichonse: poyamba, chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa inki yosindikizira, kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wotsogolera mumitundu yakale. Komanso, manyuzipepala ndi magazini sangathe kuyamwa ndi kusunga chinyezi ndi fungo mokwanira.

Zinyalala za cellulose ndizoyenera kwa makoswe ochepa chabe kapena gawo lachiwiri pamwamba pa ma granular litters, monga Ponena za kusunga kununkhira, sikuli bwino. Ubwino wa chodzaza choterechi ndi chakuti sichimanjenjemera, makoswe amachikonda, ndipo sichivulaza mapazi.

Mapepala opukutira kapena matawulo ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu khola, koma salowa m'malo mwa zinyalala, osati mokhazikika komanso kwa makoswe omwe amakonda kutafuna mapepala ndikuwakokera kunyumba kwawo kapena kupanga "zisa". Zopukutira zopukutira ndi matawulo zimakhala ndi fungo loyipa / kusasunga chinyezi ndipo "zimaonongeka" mosavuta ndi makoswe, kotero ziyenera kusinthidwa osachepera kawiri pa tsiku. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi hypoallergenic, abwino ntchito ngati zofunda m'nyumba, oyenerera makoswe ndi matenda kupuma, tcheru mucous nembanemba, pododermatitis, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu khola ndi makoswe unamwino. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zopukutira zokha ndi matawulo opanda pateni ndi utoto.

Inorganic fillers

Matewera otayika amayamwa ndikusunga fungo / chinyezi bwino kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera makamaka kwa okalamba, odwala komanso makoswe ofooka, kuwalola kuti azikhala aukhondo ndikusunga khola loyera komanso louma. Mutha kukonza ma diapers onse pamashelefu komanso mwachindunji pallet pogwiritsa ntchito masking tepi kapena zida zina. Chonde dziwani kuti makoswe osaluma okha ndi omwe ayenera kuikidwa m'matewera, ndipo pokhapokha ngati alibe chikhumbo chong'amba zofundazo. 

Chakudya cha makoswe

Makoswe ndi makoswe ambiri, choncho zakudya zawo ziyenera kuphatikizapo tirigu, masamba, mapuloteni, ndi mkaka wowawasa.

• Chakudya cha makoswe

Maziko a zakudya ayenera kukhala chakudya chapadera cha makoswe, chomwe chingagulidwe pa sitolo ya ziweto. Malizitsani chakudya ndi moyenera zikuchokera ndi khalidwe zosakaniza. Poyambirira pakupanga zakudya zotere nthawi zonse ndi tirigu (tirigu), mapuloteni a nyama amakhalapo nthawi zonse muzakudya ndipo mafuta osapitilira 10%. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba kuti wopanga waganizira zofunikira za makoswe. Zakudya zabwino kwambiri sizingaphatikizepo mapuloteni a nyama (omwe ndi osafunikira), amakhala ndi mbewu zotsika mtengo (rye, oats, balere, mapira), zosauka kwambiri, zonenepa, zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Zakudya zotere ndizoyeneranso kudya kudyetsa makoswe, koma muyenera kuwonjezera ndi kusanja: sakanizani chakudya chamafuta ndi tirigu, onjezerani tirigu ku chakudya chokhala ndi oats wambiri, sinthani zakudya zomwe zili ndi umphawi, onjezerani mapuloteni ku chakudya popanda mapuloteni anyama nokha.

Makoswe ayenera kukhala ndi mbale ya chakudya nthawi zonse. Mu makoswe omwe amakonda kukhuta, kusintha kwa "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" kumatheka, mwachitsanzo, mbale imadzazidwa kamodzi patsiku, kutengera kuti kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa khoswe wamkulu ndi supuni ya chakudya. Makoswe sangathe kudya mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

• Mapuloteni owonjezera

Gwero la mapuloteni a nyama a makoswe amatha kuwiritsa nyama yowonda, nkhuku, nsomba ndi nsomba, mazira a nkhuku kapena zinziri, chakudya cha ana a nyama, zofobas, crickets, nyongolotsi, dzombe, gammarus, galu wouma kapena chakudya cha mphaka chapamwamba kwambiri. kalasi.

Mapuloteni a nyama amaperekedwa kwa makoswe pafupifupi 1-2 pa sabata. Kwa ana a makoswe mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama kumatha kuwonjezeka kangapo poyerekeza ndi nyama zazikulu ndikupatsidwa kangapo pa sabata. Zofunikira: Khoswe akamachepera, m'pamenenso thupi lake limafunikira mapuloteni ambiri kuti akule bwino.

• Zovala zapamwamba zamasamba

Masamba ndi zitsamba zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa ali ndi calorie yochepa, yomwe imakhala ndi phindu pa "chiwerengero" cha makoswe. Koma zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri, choncho ziyenera kukhala zochepa kwambiri muzakudya za makoswe kusiyana ndi masamba ndi masamba. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa makoswe omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Chonde dziwani kuti masamba amtundu wa chakudya chowonjezera ndi chowonjezera, osati gawo lalikulu la zakudya za makoswe. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokoma kungayambitse matenda a m'mimba komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi ndi thanzi la nyama.

Masamba, zipatso, zitsamba, zipatso ziyenera kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse. Palibe "mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku" wosadziwika bwino, chifukwa. kwa nyama iliyonse, chikhalidwe ichi chidzakhala payekha. Pafupifupi, 10-15 magalamu a masamba / zipatso pa makoswe patsiku ndiye kuchuluka kwake komwe sikuyenera kukhala zovuta.

• Zopatsa mkaka zowonjezera

Ubwino wa mkaka wothira mafuta monga kanyumba tchizi, yoghurt kapena kefir: ndi gwero labwino la calcium, komanso lili ndi lacto- ndi bifidobacteria zomwe zimapindulitsa m'matumbo. Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe amadya mosangalala kwambiri. Chokhacho "chotsutsana" pakuyambitsa mkaka wowawasa muzakudya za makoswe ndi kusalolera kwa lactose, komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri mu makoswe, ndipo kumawonetsedwa ndi kukhumudwa kwa m'mimba, mpaka kutsekula m'mimba (kotero, poyambitsa mankhwala atsopano muzakudya za makoswe). makoswe, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe thupi lake limachitira podyetsa pang'ono kuti ayambe).

• Amachita

Zakudya zokometsera zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri: zogulidwa komanso zopangidwa kunyumba, masamba ndi nyama, zosavuta komanso zovuta kukonzekera kapena sizifuna kuphika konse. Kutengera mtundu wa chithandizo, pali contraindications ndi mitengo kumwa. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira kuti kudyetsa makoswe ndi amachitira sikoyenera, izi zingayambitse matenda: kunenepa kwambiri, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi mahomoni, kukana chakudya ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba ya makoswe. 

Zomwe mungathe komanso zomwe simungathe kudyetsa makoswe

• Mmodzi akhoza

Buckwheat, mapira, rye, balere, mapichesi, apricots, sitiroberi, nthochi, blueberries, ananyamuka m'chiuno, maapulo, raspberries, cranberries, red ashberries, mphesa, mavwende, kaloti, nkhaka, letesi, dzungu, zukini, zukini, nyama yophika yophika, nkhuku, nsomba, nsomba zam'nyanja, mazira, gammarus, zofobas, yoghurt, kefir, kanyumba kakang'ono ka mafuta ochepa, zofufumitsa zopanda mchere.

• Ndizotheka pang'onopang'ono komanso popanda tsankho: 

Chimanga, oats, tirigu, mapeyala, makangaza, plums, kiwi, tangerines, tsabola belu, tomato, beets, mtedza, walnuts, acorns, cashews, mpendadzuwa njere, dzungu nthanga, kokonati, hazelnuts, mkaka, zophika, unsweetened makeke.

• Sayenera

Nyemba, mapira, kabichi, radishes, radishes, turnips, nyemba, tsabola wotentha, tsabola, anyezi, adyo, soseji, soseji, nyama yankhumba, mafupa a zipatso, mchere ndi kuzifutsa zakudya, condensed mkaka, kirimu wowawasa, mafuta tchizi, maswiti, kupanikizana, tchipisi , shuga, mowa, makeke, mbale zokometsera, zokometsera, zamchere, zonenepa, zokazinga, zosuta, zovunda ndi nkhungu, zipatso zowola ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Mchere chakudya

Miyala yamchere ndi gwero la zinthu zofunika zomangira mafupa ndi mano, komanso zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, mchere womwe umapanga mwalawu umakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, kuwongolera madzi ndi acid-base balance m'thupi. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zodziwikiratu zathanzi, miyala yamchere imathandizanso chifukwa cha kukopa kwake ngati chinthu chodzikuta. Choyamba, pamwala pasakhale mchere. Ngati mwala ndi mchere / mchere, simuyenera kuutenga. Mchere wa patebulo ndi woyenera kudyetsera herbivores (nkhuku, akalulu). Ngati phukusi likuti "mwala wamchere wamchere" kapena "mineral supplements", yang'anani zosakaniza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa pa phukusi. Ngati palibe mchere muzolembazo, ndiye kuti mwala ndi woyenera makoswe. Ngati mchere ukuwonetsedwa (sodium chloride, mchere wodyedwa, mchere wa patebulo) kapena mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsedwa pa phukusi, ndi bwino kuyang'ana mwala womwe ulibe zosakaniza izi. Sepia (chipolopolo cha cuttlefish) ndi njira yabwino yosinthira miyala yamchere. Ndikofunikira kusankha sepia yeniyeni, osati kutsanzira, popeza sepia yotsanzira ikhoza kukhala ndi mchere ndi zinthu zomwe sizothandiza kwa makoswe. Choko wamba wasukulu yoyera ndi wosafunika kwambiri kuti makoswe (ndi nyama zina) adye, choko cha kusukulu chimakhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimatha kuvulaza makoswe kapena kusakhala ndi phindu lililonse, mwachitsanzo, gypsum ndi guluu wambiri.

Kusamalira Makoswe

Kusamalira tsitsi

Khoswe amadzisamalira yekha tsitsi lake, nthawi zambiri mosamala kwambiri. Ndipo ngati akukhala m'gulu, zomwe ziri zofunika, ndiye kuti amathandizidwa kuchita izi - izi zimatchedwa kudzikongoletsa pamodzi ndipo zimathandiza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mamembala a gulu limodzi. Ngati makoswe ali ndi thanzi ndipo amadzisamalira okha, ndiye kuti simukusowa kumuthandiza ndi chisamaliro cha tsitsi, akhoza kudzigwira yekha. Mavuto nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nyama zofooka, zakale, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzifikira, mwachitsanzo, kumbuyo) ndipo pamenepa adzafunika thandizo lanu.

Kusamalira khoswe popanda kupsinjika kwambiri komanso kuchitapo kanthu kumakhala ndi magawo awiri:

Kupesa ubweya. Msuwachi watsopano, wosagwiritsidwa ntchito wokhala ndi zofewa zofewa umagwira ntchito bwino pa izi. Ndikwabwino kuchotsa chogwirira chachitali (chifukwa makoswe sakonda chida chachilendo chokhala ndi chogwirira chachitali ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenya mswachi "wodzaza") ndikukanda makoswe, atagwira mutu wa mswachi ndi chala chachikulu ndi chala chakutsogolo (ie, ngati kubisala pakati pa zala zake). Sikoyenera kutsuka khoswe, kuchapa ndi muyeso wonyanyira ngati wadetsedwa pa chinthu chomata kwambiri, chosachapitsidwa bwino kapena chovulaza komanso chowopsa. Kutsuka kumachitidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi shampu ya makoswe, mutatsuka, pukutani bwino ndi chopukutira ndikulola kuti ziume, kupewa mpweya wozizira ndi zojambula, makoswe amatenga chimfine mosavuta.

Kuyeretsa mchira

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zokha zomwe muyenera kuperekera makoswe kuti azitsuka mchira:

1. Chiwonetsero chomwe chikubwera, kumene makoswe okhala ndi mchira wokongola komanso woyera akhoza kupeza mlingo wapamwamba.
2. Nyengo yotentha. Kusinthana kwa kutentha kwa makoswe kumachitika ndendende kudzera mchira, womwe sunaphimbidwe ndi tsitsi. Ngati ili yodetsedwa kwambiri, kutengerapo kutentha kumakhala kovuta, komwe kungawononge makoswe (kutentha kwambiri).

Momwe mungachitire bwino:

Kuti mutsuke, mufunika burashi yofewa, shampu ya makoswe, ndi madzi ofunda. Choyamba, mchira uyenera "kuviikidwa" m'madzi a sopo. Ngati makoswe amatenga modekha - mchira ukhoza kungomizidwa m'chidebe chamadzi, ngati sichoncho - ndi bwino kuumitsa pang'onopang'ono, ndikupukuta ndi sopo wonyowa thonje. Tengani mswachi ndi mokoma, popanda kukakamiza mwamphamvu, yeretsani mchira molunjika kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kunsonga, mwachitsanzo, motsata kukula kwa mamba, palibe vuto musadandaule! Simungathe kusisita mchira ndi mphamvu - mutha kuwononga ndikudula mamba. Mukamayeretsa, musagwire khoswe kunsonga ya mchira! Mchira wopukutidwa umatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera ndikuwumitsa ndi thaulo. Ngati mchira wa makoswe ndi wakuda kwambiri, musayese kuusambitsa nthawi imodzi – sudzagwirabe ntchito, mungouvulaza ngati mutayesetsa kwambiri poyeretsa. Ingobwerezani njirayi mu tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mchira udzatsukidwa. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mchira kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe anthu amakhalira m'ndende. Mu khola laling'ono, lonyalanyazidwa, kumene kulibe kuyeretsa kawirikawiri, michira ya makoswe imadetsedwa mofulumira kwambiri.

Kusamalira makutu ndi maso, kudula msomali

Kawirikawiri, kuyeretsa sikofunikira, kupatula kuti mutha kupukuta mphuno ndi thonje lonyowa, pokhapokha ngati khoswe samadzitsuka, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi makoswe akale. Nthawi zina fufuzani kuti muthandizidwe panthawi yake ngati muli ndi matenda. Makoswe kawirikawiri kudzikongoletsa ndi kuyang'anira kutalika ndi sharpness ya zikhadabo, ndi wapadera zina chisamaliro si chofunika. Ngakhale, nthawi zina, kukonza mwaukhondo ndi chodula misomali ndikotheka:

1. Kupanda kudzisamalira kwa zikhadabo mu mawonekedwe oyenera, izi zimachitika okalamba kapena odwala makoswe.
2. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena zisa, kuti musawononge khungu lowonongeka.
3. Pamene nyama zatsopano zimayambitsidwa, pofuna kulanda "eni" a khola mwayi wokankha kwambiri pokhazikitsa malo a watsopano mu khola ili.

Kusamalira Mankhwala

Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'ana mano ndi pakamwa pa makoswe chifukwa cha kuvulala, matenda ndi kukula kwa mano ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse mavuto.

Makoswe ndi nyama zina

Makoswe ayenera kusungidwa mu khola lomwelo ndi makoswe ena okha. Koma amatha kulankhulana kunja kwa khola moyang'aniridwa ndi ziweto zina:

• Makoswe ndi agalu

Amatha kuyankhulana bwino ngati galu sawona nyamayo mu khoswe ndipo sakuiopa. Makoswe amatha kulankhulana ndi agalu ochezeka akuyang'aniridwa ndi mwiniwake, yemwe angayang'anire kulankhulana kwawo, komanso muyenera kuwafotokozera mosamala. Khoswe, ngati ali ndi mantha kapena chitetezo, akhoza kuluma galuyo mopweteka, zomwe zimachititsa kuti galuyo alumidwe mobwerezabwereza. M'pofunika kuwunika mosamala kulankhulana kwawo osati kuwasiya okha.

• Makoswe ndi amphaka

Zimachitika kuti makoswe ndi amphaka akhoza kukhala pamodzi ndi kulankhulana mwamtendere, kudya, kugona ndi kusewera pamodzi, nthawi zina amangokhalira kusalowerera ndale, osayandikirana. Koma nthawi zambiri, amphaka ali pachiwopsezo cha makoswe, mayendedwe ndi fungo la makoswe amadzutsa chibadwa chakusaka kwa amphaka, kuchokera pamasewera osavuta mpaka kuukira kwakukulu. Khola la makoswe liyenera kukhala pamalo osafikirika ndi amphaka, ndipo ngati sizingatheke, liyenera kukhala lokhazikika kotero kuti kuyang'ana amphaka achidwi asagwetse, ngakhale kukwera pa khola.

• Makoswe ndi akalulu, nkhanga

Mutha kuwona ubale waubwenzi mukakumana pothawa. Ngakhale, chifukwa cha munthu makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha nyama iliyonse, mbali zonse zikhoza kuvulazidwa, kotero kulankhulana kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.

• Makoswe ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono - mbewa, hamster, gerbils ndi ena.

Kulankhulana kwawo kumabweretsa chiwopsezo kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, makoswe amatha kuwukira ndikuwononga kwambiri, ngakhale kufa. Pali zosiyana, kawirikawiri, pankhani yokhala pamodzi kuyambira ali aang'ono, nyama zimatha kuchitirana mwaubwenzi, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, ndipo palibe chitsimikizo chakuti makoswe sangawononge ngati mkangano.

• Makoswe ndi mbalame

Kwa mbalame zing'onozing'ono (zinkhwe zazing'ono ndi zapakati, nsonga, canaries, goldfinches), makoswe nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati nyama. Mbalame zazikulu (zinkhwe zazikulu, corvids) zimatha kuvulaza makoswe.

• Makoswe ndi ferrets, njoka, abuluzi akuluakulu, akamba am'madzi, akadzidzi

Zowopsa kwa makoswe, zimawona makoswe ngati nyama, zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri komanso kufa.

• Makoswe ndi akamba

Nthawi zambiri amatha kulankhulana mwaubwenzi, nthawi zambiri kulankhulana kumatha ndi kulumidwa ndi khoswe, ngati ndi khoswe. Akamba am'madzi, pokhala olusa, amatha kuvulaza makoswe okha.

• Makoswe ndi invertebrates, molluscs

Khoswe amawona mollusks, tizilombo ngati nyama, ndipo, osachepera, akhoza kuyesa dzino. Zamoyo zopanda msana zapoizoni zimatha kuvulaza makoswewo, mwina chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi makoswe, kugwedeza mutu, mwachitsanzo, kapena kulumidwa ndi makoswe ndi kangaude kapena chinkhanira. Mulimonsemo, kulankhulana kwa khoswe ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa ziweto, ngakhale mutakhala otsimikiza za chitetezo cha ubalewu, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo osasiya makoswe ndi ziweto zina. * Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

Kuyenda ndi kusewera ndi makoswe

Makoswe am’tchire amakhala m’mayenje otetezedwa kapena malo ena obisalako ndipo amasakasaka chakudya chapafupi. Kupanga kwapawiri kumeneku kwa malo okhala kumatsimikizira chibadwa cha makoswe okongoletsera ndipo zimakhudza khalidwe lawo. Choncho, kufunikira kwa makoswe pakuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, kumbali imodzi, ndi khalidwe lomwe makoswe okongoletsera anatengera kwa makolo awo akutchire, kumbali ina, kufunikira kwa thupi la kuyenda, zomwe sizingatheke m'malo a khola, ndi kufunikira kwamalingaliro kwa malingaliro atsopano ndi malingaliro. Ngakhale kuti khoswe ndi malo otetezedwa ndi makoswe, kuyenda kumapangitsa moyo wa makoswe kukhala wosiyanasiyana - ndi malo awo osatha, komwe amatha kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, kusewera, kusewera komanso kulankhulana bwino ndi eni ake. Kuti malo oyendamo azikhala okongola komanso othandiza kwa makoswe, muyenera kuwongolera moyenera. Kwa izi, zinthu zotsatirazi ndizoyenera:

• Plaid kapena bedi
• Mabokosi, tunnel, mapilo, nyumba za amphaka ndi zoseweretsa, zopukutira, matabwa, mipira, nthambi zazikulu zokwerera ndi kukumba.
• Zoseweretsa zamaphunziro (mwachitsanzo, amphaka ndi agalu, zopezera zakudya kuchokera kwa iwo)
• Kuphwanyidwa ndi kuponyedwa oversized nsalu

Malo oyenda akhoza kukhala pa sofa kapena bedi komanso pansi. Kuyenda kuyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi eni ake, kuti tipewe mawaya oluma, mabuku, kuthawa makoswe, komanso kuvulala kwa makoswe kapena ziweto zina. Poyenda, makoswe amatha kusewera ndi zoseweretsa, kuthamanga m'mabokosi a mabokosi ndi nsanza, kukumana ndi ziweto zina zaubwenzi, kuyang'ana zinthu zobisika, ndikulankhulana ndi mwiniwake. Chitsanzo cha zosangalatsa zakunja: thireyi yokhala ndi madzi, miyala ndi nandolo zobiriwira, zomwe zimayenera kugwidwa ndi kudyedwa. Njira yosinthira Chithunzi ndi Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

maphunziro a makoswe

Pankhani ya makoswe (monga amphaka), maphunziro ndi maphunziro abwino olimbikitsa. Zochita zoterezi ndi makoswe zidzathandiza kukhazikitsa ubale wodalirika.

Kuti mupeze mphotho, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe khoswe amakonda komanso sapeza. Palibe chifukwa cholanga makoswe, makoswe amatha kuchita mantha, kutaya chidaliro ndipo sadzalumikizananso.

Makoswe amatha kukumbukira ndikuchita malamulo ambiri: kubweretsa zinthu zing'onozing'ono m'manja mwawo kapena kuziyika mudengu / kapu, mpukutu wa makatoni ndi ngolo, kuthamanga makoswe, kukwera zingwe, kudumpha kuchokera pazitsamba kupita kumtunda ndi m'manja, kumasula zingwe za nsapato; perekani dzanja, gudubuza ndi zina zambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chodulira, kupanga zopinga zazing'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthidwa ndi zoseweretsa za agalu ndi amphaka. Khoswe ndi bwenzi lapamtima, bwenzi lofulumira komanso losangalatsa komanso chiweto!