Kufotokozera za reindeer: mawonekedwe a mtundu, khalidwe, zakudya ndi kubereka

Mbalame ndi nyama yamtundu wa artiodactyl ya banja la gwape. Kuwonjezera pa mphalapala zoweta, zomwe zimaŵetedwa monga zoyendera ndi nyama zapafamu, nyama zambiri zam’tchire zapulumuka kumpoto kwa Eurasia, ku North America, pazilumba, ku Taimyr Peninsula ndi kumapiri a ku Far North. .

Kufotokozera za mphalapala

Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi pafupifupi mamita awiri, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku zana limodzi mpaka mazana awiri ndi makumi awiri kilogalamu, kutalika kwa nyama yoyamwitsa kumachokera ku zana limodzi ndi khumi kufika masentimita zana ndi makumi anayi. Mbalame, zomwe zimakhala pazilumba za Arctic Ocean ndi tundra, ndizochepa kukula kwa anzawo akumwera omwe amakhala m'madera a taiga.

Mpweya, zazimuna ndi zazikazi, zili nazo nyanga zazikulu kwambiri. Tsinde lalitali lalitali la nyangayo limakhota poyamba chammbuyo kenako n’kupita kutsogolo. Chaka chilichonse, mu May kapena June, zazikazi zimakhetsa nyanga zawo, ndipo mu November kapena December, zazimuna. Patapita kanthawi, nyangazo zimameranso. Pa nyanga za regrown, kuchuluka kwa njira kumawonjezeka, chifukwa chomwe mawonekedwe awo amakhala ovuta. Amakula akafika zaka zisanu.

Ubweya wautali wachisanu. Pakhosi pawo pali nkhanambo. Tsitsi laubweya ndi lopepuka komanso lopepuka, popeza pachimake chake chimakhala ndi mpweya. Komabe, ubweya wa nswala ndi wofunda kwambiri. Mtundu wa ubweya wachisanu umasinthasintha, kuchokera pafupifupi woyera mpaka wakuda. Nthawi zambiri mtundu ukhoza kukhala variegated, wopangidwa ndi mdima ndi kuwala madera. Ubweya wachilimwe ndi wofewa komanso waufupi kwambiri.

Mtundu wake ndi imvi-bulauni kapena khofi-bulauni. Mame ndi mbali za khosi ndizopepuka. Ubweya wa nyama zakutchire ndi wakuda kwambiri kuposa ubweya wa nswala za ku Far North. Agwape ang’onoang’ono ali amtundu umodzi. Ubweya wawo ndi bulauni-imvi kapena bulauni. Ana agwape okha aku Southern Siberia amasiyana. Iwo ali pa misana yawo zazikulu zowala mawanga.

Ziboda zazikulu za miyendo yakutsogolo ya ma artiodactyls amakhala ndi ma depressions ngati scoop kapena spoon. Ndikwabwino kunyamula chisanu ndi iwo kuti mukumbire moss pansi pake.

Khalidwe ndi zakudya

Mphepete ndi nyama zamagulu. Amadyera m’magulu akuluakulu mmene mungakhale mitu yambirimbiri, ndipo akasamuka, ng’ombezo zimafika masauzande ambiri. Ng'ombe zamphongo zakhala zikusamuka m'njira yomweyi kwa zaka zambiri. Amatha kuyenda makilomita mazana asanu kapena kuposerapo. Nyama zimasambira bwino, motero zimawoloka mitsinje mosavuta.

• Anthu a ku Siberia amakhala m'nkhalango m'nyengo yozizira. Pofika kumapeto kwa Meyi, ziweto zazikulu zimanyamuka kupita ku tundra, komwe pakali pano pali chakudya chochulukirapo. Pali udzudzu ndi ntchentche zocheperako zomwe agwape amavutika nazo. Mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala, nyama zimasamukiranso.
• Mbawala zaku Scandinavia zimapewa nkhalango.
• Ku North America, nswala ( caribou ) zimasamuka kuchoka m’nkhalango pafupi ndi nyanja mu April. Ibweranso mu Okutobala.
• Nyama za ku Ulaya zimayenda moyandikana kwambiri m’kati mwa chaka. M'chilimwe, amakwera mapiri, kumene kumakhala kozizira kwambiri ndipo mukhoza kuthawa ku midges ndi midges. M’nyengo yozizira amatsika kapena kusuntha kuchoka kuphiri lina kupita ku lina.

Gwape amavutika kwambiri ndi ntchentche zomwe zimaikira mazira pansi pa khungu lawo. Zotsatira zake, ma abscesses amapanga momwe mphutsi zimakhala. Ntchentche ya m’mphuno imaikira mazira m’mphuno mwa nyamayo. Tizilombo timeneti timayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa nswala ndipo nthawi zina timawatopetsa.

Mbalame zimadya kwambiri zomera: mphalapala kapena moss wa reindeer. Chakudyachi chimapanga maziko a zakudya zawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Pokhala ndi luso la kununkhiza modabwitsa, nyama zimapeza moss moss, tchire la mabulosi, udzu, ndi bowa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Poponya matalala ndi ziboda zawo, amapeza chakudya chawo. Zakudya zingaphatikizepo ndere, zipatso, udzu komanso bowa. Gwape amadya mazira a mbalame, makoswe, mbalame zazikulu.

M’nyengo yozizira, nyama zimadya chipale chofewa kuti zithetse ludzu. Iwo ali ochuluka kumwa madzi a m'nyanjakusunga bwino mchere m'thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, nyanga zotayidwa zimaluma. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mchere wamchere m'zakudya, nswala zimatha kulumana nyanga.

Kubala ndi kutalika kwa moyo

Reindeer akuyamba masewera awo okwerera mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala. Panthawi imeneyi, amuna, kufunafuna akazi, kukonza ndewu. Mbalame yaikazi imabereka mwana pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, kenako amabala nswala imodzi. Ndikosowa kwambiri kukhala ndi mapasa.

Tsiku lotsatira atabadwa, mwanayo amayamba kuthamangira amayi ake. Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, yaikazi imadyetsa nswala ndi mkaka. Patatha milungu itatu kubadwa, nyanga za mwana wa ng’ombezo zimayamba kumera. M’chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kutha msinkhu kwa nyama kumayamba. Mkazi amatha kubereka mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.

ng'ombe zamoyo pafupi usinkhu wa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu.

ng'ombe zapakhomo

Popeza kuti anapatula mbali ina ya zilombo zakutchire, anthu anaŵeta nyamazi. Zinyama zapakhomo ndizozoloŵera kwa anthu, zimakhala pa malo odyetserako ziweto komanso pangozi sizibalalika, poyembekezera kuti anthu aziteteza. Zinyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapiri, perekani mkaka, ubweya, mafupa, nyama, nyanga. Komanso, nyama zimangofunika mchere komanso kutetezedwa ku nyama zolusa kwa anthu.

1. Mtundu wa anthu apakhomo ndi wosiyana. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha makhalidwe, jenda ndi zaka. Nyama za ku Ulaya kumapeto kwa molt nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Ambiri a mutu, mbali ndi kumbuyo ndi zofiirira. Miyendo, mchira, khosi, korona, pamphumi imvi. Ziweto zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zimakondedwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu a Kumpoto.
2. Pakukula kwake, nswala zapakhomo zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa zakutchire.
3. Mpaka pano, kwa anthu okhala ku Far North, nswala ndi nyama yokhayo yoweta yomwe moyo wawo ndi moyo wawo zimagwirizana. Nyama imeneyi ndi ya iwo onse zoyendera, ndi zinthu zokhalamo, ndi zovala, ndi chakudya.
4. M’zigawo za taiga, mphalapala zimakwera pamahatchi. Kuti asathyole kumbuyo kwa nyamayo, amakhala pafupi ndi khosi. Mu tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, amamangiriridwa ku sleds (dzinja kapena chilimwe) mosasunthika mwa atatu kapena anayi. Nyama imodzi imamangidwa kunyamula munthu mmodzi. Munthu wolimbikira ntchito amatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita zana patsiku popanda kutopa kwambiri.

Adani a gwape

Mpweya ndi zofunika kwa adani akuluakulu, chifukwa ali ndi nyama ndi mafuta. Adani ake ndi nkhandwe, chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, lynx. Panthawi yakusamuka, nthawi yachonde imafika kwa adani. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimayenda maulendo ataliatali, nyama zodwala ndi zofooka zimatsalira kumbuyo, zotopa. Iwo amakhala nyama wolverines ndi wolf paketi.

Mopanda chifundo amawononga nyama ndi anthu awa. Amasaka nyama kuti apeze nyanga, chikopa, nyama.

Panopa, pali nyama pafupifupi zikwi makumi asanu kumpoto kwa Ulaya, pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi limodzi zikwi ku North America ndi mazana asanu ndi atatu zikwi m'madera polar a Russia. Mochititsa chidwi kwambiri agwape apakhomo. Chiwerengero chawo chonse ndi pafupifupi mitu mamiliyoni atatu.