Kodi agalu amamvetsa anthu?

Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, agalu akhala mabwenzi apamtima a anthu. Amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito nafe ngakhalenso kukhala mamembala a mabanja athu, koma kodi amamvetsetsa mawu athu ndi malingaliro athu? Kwa nthaŵi yaitali, mosasamala kanthu za zonena za oŵeta agalu kuti sizitero, asayansi alingalira kuti pamene galu akuwoneka ngati akumvetsetsa mwiniwake, amangosonyeza khalidwe lophunzitsidwa bwino, ndipo mwiniwake akungonena kuti ali ndi makhalidwe aumunthu. Koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa wadzutsanso funso lakuti ngati agalu amamvetsetsa anthu ndi zolankhula za anthu.

Kafukufuku wokhudza chidziwitso cha agalu

Ngakhale kuti anthu akudziwa za ubale wautali komanso wapamtima pakati pa munthu ndi agalu, kafukufuku wokhudza kuganiza ndi kufalitsa uthenga mwa agalu ndi chinthu chatsopano. M’buku lake lakuti How Dogs Love Us, katswiri wa za ubongo Gregory Burns wa ku yunivesite ya Emory anatchula Charles Darwin monga mpainiya m’zaka za m’ma 1800. Darwin analemba zambiri za agalu ndi momwe amafotokozera maganizo m'chinenero cha thupi m'buku lake lachitatu, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Phys.org ikuwonetseratu kafukufuku wamkulu wamakono, wochitidwa mu 1990 ndi Duke University Associate Pulofesa wa Evolutionary Anthropology Brian Hare, yemwe anali wophunzira pa yunivesite ya Emory. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adatchuka kwambiri m'ma 2000 okha. Masiku ano, kafukufuku watsopano wa momwe agalu amamvetsetsa chinenero cha anthu, manja, ndi maganizo akuchitidwa nthawi zonse. Gawoli latchuka kwambiri moti Yunivesite ya Duke inatsegula dipatimenti yapadera yotchedwa Canine Cognition Center motsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Kalulu.

Kodi agalu amamvetsa anthu?

Ndiye, zotsatira za maphunziro onse omwe achitika ndi zotani? Kodi agalu amatimvetsa? Zikuoneka kuti eni ake agalu amene ankati agalu amawamvetsa anali olondola, mwina mwa zina.

Kumvetsetsa mawu

Mu 2004, magazini ya Science inafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wokhudza Rico collie wa malire. Galu uyu adagonjetsa dziko la sayansi, kusonyeza luso lodabwitsa logwira mawu atsopano. Kugwira mwachangu ndikutha kupanga lingaliro lachikale la tanthauzo la liwu litangomveka koyamba, lomwe ndi khalidwe la ana aang'ono pazaka zomwe amayamba kupanga mawu. Rico adaphunzira mayina azinthu zopitilira 200, akuphunzira kuzizindikira ndi kuzipeza m'milungu inayi kuyambira pomwe adakumana koyamba.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa University of Sussex ku England adawonetsa kuti agalu samangomvetsetsa malingaliro amalingaliro m'mawu athu, komanso amatha kusiyanitsa mawu omwe ali omveka kuchokera ku zopanda pake. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa 2014 wofalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa Current Biology zimatsimikizira kuti agalu, monga anthu, amagwiritsa ntchito mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo pokonza mbali zimenezi za kulankhula. Zowonjezereka, zizindikiro zamaganizo zimakonzedwa ndi gawo lamanja la ubongo, ndipo matanthauzo a mawu amasinthidwa ndi kumanzere.

Kumvetsetsa chilankhulo cha thupi

Kafukufuku amene anachitika mu 2012 ndi magazini ya PLOS ONE anatsimikizira kuti agalu amamvetsa mmene anthu amakhalira ndi anthu mpaka kufika powakhudza. Phunziroli, ziwetozo zinapatsidwa magawo awiri a chakudya chamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Agalu ambiri anasankha gawo lalikulu paokha. Koma anthu atalowererapo, zinthu zinasintha. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti kulabadira kwabwino kwa munthu pagawo laling’ono kungakhutiritse nyama kuti n’zofunika kuchisankha.

Mu kafukufuku wina wa 2012 wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala yotchedwa Current Biology , ofufuza a ku Hungary anaphunzira luso la agalu kutanthauzira njira zobisika zolankhulirana. Phunziroli, nyamazo zinawonetsedwa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya kanema yemweyo. M’Baibulo loyamba, mkaziyo akuyang’ana galuyo n’kunena kuti: “Moni, galu!” m'mawu achikondi asanayang'ane kumbali. Baibulo lachiŵiri limasiyana m’lingaliro lakuti mkaziyo amayang’ana pansi nthaŵi zonse ndipo amalankhula mopanda phokoso. Agaluwo ataonera vidiyo yoyamba, anayang’ana mayiyo n’kumamutsatira. Kutengera yankho ili, ochita kafukufukuwo adatsimikiza kuti agalu ali ndi chidziwitso chofanana ndi ana azaka zapakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kuti azindikire kukhudzana nawo mwachindunji ndi chidziwitso choperekedwa kwa iwo.

Izi mwina sizinali vumbulutso kwa Dr. Hare wa Canine Cognition Center ku Duke University, yemwe adayesa yekha ndi agalu monga wamkulu ku yunivesite ya Emory m'ma 1990. Malinga ndi Phys.org, kafukufuku wa Dr.

Kumvetsetsa malingaliro

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, olemba a kafukufuku amene anafalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa Biology Letters of the Royal Society of London (British Royal Society), ananena kuti nyama zimatha kumvetsa mmene anthu akumvera. Zotsatira za mgwirizano pakati pa ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Lincoln ku United Kingdom ndi yunivesite ya Sao Paulo ku Brazil, kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti agalu amapanga zizindikiro zamaganizo zamaganizo abwino ndi oipa.

Phunziroli, agalu adawonetsedwa zithunzi za anthu ndi agalu ena omwe amawoneka okondwa kapena okwiya. Kuwonetsera kwa zithunzizo kunatsagana ndi kuwonetsera kwa ma audio ndi mawu okondwa kapena okwiya / aukali. Pamene kutengeka kwa mawu kumafanana ndi mmene akusonyezedwera pachithunzichi, ziwetozo zinathera nthawi yochuluka kwambiri zikuphunzira maonekedwe a nkhope pachithunzichi.

Malinga ndi kunena kwa mmodzi mwa ochita kafukufukuwo, Dr. Ken Guo wa pa Lincoln University School of Psychology, “Kafukufuku wakale wasonyeza kuti agalu amatha kuzindikira malingaliro a munthu potengera mawonekedwe a nkhope, koma izi sizifanana ndi kuzindikira zakukhosi. ” malinga ndi tsambalo. ScienceDaily.

Pophatikiza njira ziwiri zosiyana zowonera, ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti agalu alidi ndi luntha lozindikira ndikumvetsetsa momwe anthu akumvera.

N’chifukwa chiyani agalu amatimvetsa?

Chifukwa chomwe ziweto zimatha kutimvetsetsa sichikudziwikabe, koma ofufuza ambiri amawona kuti lusoli lidachitika chifukwa cha chisinthiko komanso chofunikira. Agalu akhala akugwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu kwa zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo m’kupita kwa nthawi amadalira anthu kuposa nyama zina zilizonse. Mwinanso kuswana kunathandizanso, zomwe agalu adasankhidwa pamaziko a luso linalake lachidziwitso. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, n’zachidziŵikire kuti anthu amene ali pachibale ndiponso amene amadalira munthu, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi amakulitsa luso lotimvetsetsa ndi kulankhula nafe.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu ndi galu wanu?

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kuti chiweto chanu chimatha kumvetsetsa osati mawu okha komanso malamulo apakamwa, komanso malingaliro amalingaliro, kodi izi zimapanga kusiyana kotani? Choyamba, zimakupatsani chidaliro kuti mwana wanu amatha kuphunzira osati malamulo okha "Khalani!", "Imani!" ndi "Paw!" Agalu ali ndi luso lodabwitsa loloweza mawu mazana, monga Rico, wotchulidwa pamwambapa, ndi Chaser, wa Border Collie, yemwe adaphunzira mawu amodzi. Chaser ali ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa kotenga mawu atsopano mwachangu ndipo amatha kupeza chidole ndi dzina lake. Mukamufunsa kuti apeze pakati pa zoseweretsa zomwe amadziwika ndi chinthu chomwe dzina lake salichidziwa, adzamvetsetsa kuti chidole chatsopanocho chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina latsopano losadziwika kwa iye. Luso limeneli likutsimikizira kuti anzathu amiyendo inayi ndi anzeru kwambiri.

Funso lina lomwe linayankhidwa pophunzira luso la kuzindikira la agalu ndiloti agalu amatha kumvetsa zomwe anthu amakumana nazo. Kodi mwawona kuti mukakhala ndi tsiku lovuta, galu amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi inu ndikusisita nthawi zambiri? Mwanjira imeneyi, akufuna kunena kuti: “Ndikumvetsa kuti muli ndi tsiku lovuta, ndipo ndikufuna kukuthandizani.” Ngati mumvetsetsa izi, ndizosavuta kuti mulimbikitse maubwenzi, chifukwa mumadziwa momwe mungayankhire wina ndi mzake ndikugawana chisangalalo ndi chisoni - monga banja lenileni.

Kodi agalu amatimvetsa? Mosakayikira. Choncho nthawi ina mukadzalankhula ndi chiweto chanu n’kuona kuti akukumvetserani mosamala, onetsetsani kuti zimenezi si zimene mukuganiza. Galu wanu samamvetsetsa liwu lililonse ndipo sakudziwa tanthauzo lake, koma amakudziwani bwino kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Koma chofunika kwambiri, chiweto chanu chimatha kumvetsa kuti mumamukonda, choncho musaganize kuti kulankhula naye za chikondi chanu n'kopanda pake.