Kodi chiphunzitso cha dominance chimagwira ntchito mwa agalu?

Dominance theory ("Pack theory") idabadwa m'zaka za zana la 20. Mmodzi mwa oyambitsa ake anali David Meach, wasayansi komanso katswiri wokhudza khalidwe la nkhandwe. M'zaka za m'ma 70, adaphunzira za utsogoleri mu mapaketi a nkhandwe ndipo adapeza kuti mwamuna wankhanza kwambiri komanso wamphamvu amakhala mtsogoleri wa paketi, ndipo ena onse amamumvera. Meech adatcha mwamuna woteroyo kuti "alpha wolf". 

Zikumveka zomveka. Anthu ambiri amangoganizira za ubale wa mimbulu. Koma kenako chidwi kwambiri chinayamba. "Pack Theory" idatsutsidwa, ndipo posakhalitsa David Meech adatsutsa malingaliro ake.

Kodi chiphunzitso cha Flock chinabadwa bwanji? Kwa nthawi yayitali, Mitch adawona ubale wa mimbulu mu paketi. Koma wasayansiyo adaphonya mfundo imodzi yofunika: paketi yomwe amawona idasungidwa muukapolo.

Kuwona kwina kunawonetsa kuti m'malo achilengedwe, ubale pakati pa mimbulu umamangidwa motengera zochitika zosiyana kotheratu. Nkhandwe “zazikulu” zimalamulira “aang’ono,” koma maubale ameneŵa samamangidwa pa mantha, koma pa ulemu. Kukula, mimbulu imasiya katundu wa makolo ndi kupanga zawo. Amaphunzitsa achichepere mmene angapulumuke, kuwatetezera ku ngozi, kudziikira malamulo awoawo—ndipo ana amamvera makolo awo chifukwa chakuti amawalemekeza ndi kutenga chidziŵitso chawo. Atakula komanso atadziwa zoyambira zamoyo, mimbulu yaying'onoyo imatsazikana ndi makolo awo ndikusiya kupanga mapaketi atsopano. Zonsezi n’zofanana ndi kumanga ubale pakati pa anthu.

Kumbukirani mimbulu yomwe akatswiri adawona ali mu ukapolo. Panalibe ubale wabanja pakati pawo. Izi zinali mimbulu yogwidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, m'madera osiyanasiyana, iwo sankadziwa chilichonse chokhudza wina ndi mzake. Nyama zonse zimenezi anaziika m’bwalo la ndege, ndipo mikhalidwe ya kuzisunga sanali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya m’misasa yachibalo. Ndizomveka kuti mimbulu inayamba kusonyeza nkhanza ndi kumenyera utsogoleri, chifukwa sanali banja, koma akaidi.

Ndi kupeza chidziwitso chatsopano, Mitch anasiya mawu akuti "Alpha wolf" ndipo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito matanthauzo "nkhandwe - mayi" ndi "mbulu - bambo". Chifukwa chake David Meach adachotsa malingaliro ake.

Ngakhale tikadaganiza kwakanthawi kuti Pack Theory ingagwire ntchito, sitingakhalebe chifukwa chosinthira njira zomangira maubwenzi pagulu la mimbulu kupita ku ziweto.

Choyamba, agalu ndi mitundu yoweta yomwe ili yosiyana kwambiri ndi mimbulu. Choncho, mwachibadwa, agalu amakonda kukhulupirira anthu, koma mimbulu sitero. Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza kuti agalu amagwiritsa ntchito “zidziwitso” za anthu kuti amalize ntchitoyi, pomwe mimbulu imachita payokha ndipo sakhulupirira anthu.

Asayansi aona mmene magulu a agalu osochera amayendera. Zinapezeka kuti mtsogoleri wa paketiyo si wankhanza kwambiri, koma chiweto chodziwa zambiri. Chochititsa chidwi, mu paketi yomweyo, atsogoleri nthawi zambiri amasintha. Malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, galu mmodzi kapena wina amatenga udindo wa mtsogoleri. Zikuwoneka kuti paketiyo imasankha mtsogoleri yemwe zochitika zake pazochitika zina zidzabweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwa aliyense.

Koma ngakhale sitinadziwe zonsezi, munthu sakanatha kulamulira galu. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa oimira amtundu womwewo amatha kulamulirana. Mwini wake sangalamulire galu wake chifukwa ndi wa mtundu wina. Koma pazifukwa zina, ngakhale akatswiri amaiwala za izo ndi ntchito mawu molakwika.

Inde, udindo wa munthu uyenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa wa galu. Koma bwanji kufika pamenepa?

Chiphunzitso cholephera kulamulira chinapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zophunzitsira zozikidwa pa kugonjera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhanza. “Musalole galu adutse pakhomo patsogolo panu”, “Galu asadye musanadzidye nokha”, “Galu asakulandireni kanthu”, “Ngati galu sakulandira. mverani, ikani pamapewa (zomwe zimatchedwa "alpha coup") - zonsezi ndizofanana ndi chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro. Pomanga "maubwenzi" oterowo, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kudziletsa nthawi zonse, kukhala wolimba, osasonyeza chikondi kwa galu, kuti asaphonye mwangozi "ulamuliro" wake. Ndipo zimene zinachitikira agalu!

Koma ngakhale pamene Mitch mwiniyo anatsutsa chiphunzitso chake ndipo zotsatira zatsopano zinapezedwa kuchokera ku maphunziro a khalidwe la mimbulu ndi agalu, chiphunzitso cholamulira chinapotozedwa ndikukhalabe ndi moyo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale tsopano akatswiri ena a cynologists amatsatira mopanda nzeru. Choncho, popereka galu kuti aphunzitse kapena kupempha thandizo pa maphunziro, choyamba muyenera kufotokozera njira yomwe katswiriyo amagwira.

Mphamvu yankhanza pophunzitsa agalu ndi yoyipa. Kuchititsa kupweteka kwa ziweto ndi mantha sikunayambe kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Ndi kulera koteroko, galu samalemekeza mwiniwake, koma amamuopa. Mantha, ndithudi, kumverera kwamphamvu, koma sikudzapangitsa chiweto kukhala chosangalala ndipo chidzavulaza kwambiri maganizo ake.

M'maphunziro ndi maphunziro, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chilimbikitso chabwino: kugwira ntchito ndi zosowa za galu, kumulimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo ndi kutamandidwa ndi kuchita. Komanso kupereka chidziwitso mwamasewera kuti onse omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi asangalale.

Chotsatira cha maphunziro oterowo sichidzakhala kokha kuchitidwa kwa malamulo, komanso ubwenzi wolimba wodalirika pakati pa mwiniwake ndi chiweto. Ndipo izi ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa "kulamulira" galu wanu.