galu anatomy

Pali mitundu yoposa 400 ya agalu padziko lapansi masiku ano. Ndipo, mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwakunja, kuchokera pamalingaliro a biology, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndendende. Ngakhale French Bulldog ndi Tibetan Mastiff, ziribe kanthu momwe zingamvekere zodabwitsa.

mafupa

Maziko a vertebrate zamoyo (ndi galu ndi chimodzimodzi) ndi mafupa. Imathandiza nyama kuyenda mozungulira komanso kuteteza ziwalo zawo zamkati kuti zisawonongeke.

1. Chigaza. Chigaza cha galu chimapangidwa ndi mafupa makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo imakhala yaying'ono, imakhala yotanuka kwambiri: mwa anthu okalamba, minofu yolumikizana imalimba, ndipo mafupa amakhala osalimba komanso osasunthika.

   Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya zigaza za agalu:

   Mothandizidwa ndi cholumikizira chosunthika, nsagwada yapansi imamangiriridwa ku chigaza. Akuluakulu ali ndi 42 molars. Ana agalu amakhala ndi mano ochepa amkaka - 28 okha, koma onse ayenera kuwonekera pofika miyezi iwiri. Pa miyezi itatu, njira yosinthira mano imayamba pang'onopang'ono, yomwe imatha ndi chaka.

   • Dolichocephalic - kutalika. Zimapezeka mu nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi muzzle wautali - mwachitsanzo, mu Russian borzoi;

   • Mechophalic ndi yachibadwa. Mitundu itatu mwa magawo atatu a mitundu imakhala ndi mtundu uwu wa chigaza: huskies, agalu a nkhosa, ndi zina zotero;

   • Brachycephalic - yofupikitsidwa. Pekingese, bulldogs ndi ena ali ndi mtundu uwu wa chigaza.

2. Kuluma. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zakunja ndi kuluma kwa galu. Izi sizongokongoletsa zokhazokha, komanso thanzi lake, chifukwa malo olakwika a mano angayambitse matenda ambiri.

   Mitundu ya kuluma:

   • Kwa mitundu yambiri, kuluma kolondola kwambiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi scissor bite, momwe ma incisors apansi amakhudza mkati mwa pamwamba;

   • Kuluma ngati nkhupakupa kumaonedwa kuti ndi kupatuka kwa chikhalidwe, pamene incisors imatsutsana wina ndi mzake;

   • Kupatuka kokulirapo ndikochepera, ndiko kuti, ma incisors otsika samakhudza apamwamba konse. Choopsa chake chagona pa mfundo yakuti ma molars mwamsanga amatha;

   • Matenda oopsa kwambiri amitundu yambiri ndi kuluma kwa bulldog, komwe nsagwada zapansi zimasunthira patsogolo. Koma kwa agalu a brachycephalic, kuluma koteroko ndiko chizolowezi.

3. Torso. Maziko a chigoba chilichonse ndi msana. Monga munthu, imakhala ndi ma vertebral discs olumikizana omwe nthiti ndi mafupa ena amamangiriridwa.

   Kunja kwa galu kumawunikidwa ndi mgwirizano wa kuwonjezera kwake, osati mafupa okhawo omwe ali ofunikira pano, komanso minofu. Nthawi zambiri, eni agalu amakumana ndi zofooka zamitundu itatu musculoskeletal system: zolakwika m'mafupa, mafupa ndi zida za minofu. Zifukwa za maonekedwe awo zingakhale zonse zachibadwa komanso zopezeka chifukwa cha matenda ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.

   • Msana wa khomo lachiberekero umagwirizanitsa thunthu ndi chigaza - awa ndi ma vertebrae asanu ndi awiri. Komanso, woyamba awiri vertebrae, oyenda kwambiri, monga onse vertebrates, amatchedwa atlas ndi epistrophy;

   • Dera la thoracic lili ndi ma vertebrae khumi ndi atatu - awa ndi maziko omangirira nthiti khumi ndi zitatu. M'chigawo cha nthiti zoyamba, scapula, humerus, radius ndi ulna, komanso dzanja, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi thupi;

   • M’chuuno muli minyewa isanu ndi iwiri ya msana;

   • Sacrum kapena sacrum ndi ma vertebrae atatu osakanikirana. Munjira zambiri, ndi sacrum yomwe imatsimikizira malo a mchira wa galu. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wokhazikika ku fupa la m'chiuno. Chiwalo cha m'chiuno chimakhala ndi chiuno, ntchafu, m'munsi mwendo ndi phazi;

   • Mchira wa galu umakhalanso ndi vertebrae, pafupifupi pali 20-23, koma palinso milandu pamene pali 15-25 vertebrae. Maonekedwe, kukula ndi kukwanira kwa mchira zimadalira makhalidwe a mtundu uliwonse.

mphamvu

Ziwalo zazikulu za galu, monga kuzungulira kwa magazi, mantha, kupuma, ndi kugaya chakudya, ndizofanana ndi za anthu. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zomveka. Agalu ali ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa izo: kununkhiza, kugwira, kulingalira, kuona, kumva ndi kulawa.

1. Fungo. Mosiyana ndi munthu amene amalandira chidziŵitso choyambirira cha dziko kudzera m’kuona, chiwalo chachikulu cha galu ndicho kununkhiza.

   Tangoganizani: m'mphuno mwa munthu pali zolandilira pafupifupi 5 miliyoni zomwe zimatithandiza kusiyanitsa fungo, ndipo pamphuno ya galu pali pafupifupi 150 miliyoni! Kumveka kwa fungo la kusaka ndi mitundu yautumiki ndikwabwinoko: nyama zotere zimatha kupeza njira yomwe ili ndi masiku angapo.

2. Masomphenya. Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a diso la galu ndi ofanana ndi momwe diso laumunthu limapangidwira, chiweto chimawona moipa kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti agalu ali ndi masomphenya apamwamba kwambiri m'chaka choyamba cha moyo wawo, ndiyeno amayamba kuwonongeka. Pamapeto pake, agalu akuluakulu amakhala akhungu. Komabe, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ziweto zimawona bwino kwambiri kuposa anthu mumdima.

3. Kumva ndi kulinganiza. Mofanana ndi anthu, agalu ali ndi khutu lakunja, lamkati, ndi lapakati. Mkati mwake muli zida za vestibular, zomwe zimayang'anira bwino nyama.

   Inde, kumva kwa galu kuli bwino kwambiri kuposa kwa munthu. Poyerekeza, kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe ziweto zimamvedwa ndi 12 mpaka 80 Hertz, pomwe anthu amatha kumva kugwedezeka kwafupipafupi kwa 000 mpaka 16 Hertz. Mwa njira, agalu amazindikiranso ultrasound.

4. Kukhudza. Chiweto chimalandiranso chidziwitso cha dziko lozungulira kudzera mu ziwalo zogwira: khungu ndi ndevu - vibrissae. Mothandizidwa ndi zolandilira khungu, amamva kutentha ndi ululu. Ndipo vibrissae, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mphuno, maso ndi paws, imagwira ntchito yogwira mtima. Galu amatha kumvetsa malo a zinthu popanda kuwakhudza, ndi mafunde a mpweya.

5. Lawani. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino ngati agalu amatha kulawa. Mwinamwake, nyamayo imaweruza kudyetsedwa kapena kusadya kwa chinthu ndi fungo lake. Kafukufuku akutsimikizira izi: pamene pali zokometsera za 9000 pa lilime la munthu, 1700 yokha pa lilime la galu.

Kumvetsetsa momwe ziweto zimakonzedwera kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika mosamala thanzi la nyamayo.

Ndikofunikiranso kulabadira zosintha zonse zamakhalidwe ndi moyo wabwino wa chiweto ndikupempha thandizo la veterinarian munthawi yake.

Chithunzi: Kusonkhanitsa

October 29 2018

Zasinthidwa: Januwale 17, 2021