Amphaka apakhomo: mbiri yakale yoweta

Kodi mphaka wanu akuchita chiyani pano? Kugona? Kufunsa chakudya? Kusaka mbewa zoseweretsa? Kodi amphaka anasintha bwanji kuchoka ku zilombo zakutchire kukhala anthu odziwa bwino moyo komanso moyo wapakhomo?

Zaka zikwizikwi limodzi ndi munthu

Mpaka posachedwapa, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zoweta amphaka anayamba naini ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo. Komabe, kafukufuku wochititsa chidwi wofalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa Science wanena kuti mbiri ndi chiyambi cha amphaka monga mabwenzi aumunthu zimabwerera m’mbuyo, zaka 12 zapitazo. Atapenda jini la amphaka 79 ndi makolo awo akutchire, asayansi anafika ponena kuti amphaka amakono amachokera ku mtundu womwewo: Felis silvestris (mphaka wa m'nkhalango). Kuweta kwawo kunachitika ku Middle East ku Fertile Crescent, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Tigris ndi Firate, yomwe imaphatikizapo Iraq, Israel ndi Lebanon.

Zimadziwika kuti anthu ambiri ankalambira amphaka kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kuwaona ngati nyama zachifumu, kuwakongoletsa ndi mikanda yamtengo wapatali komanso ngakhale kuwaika mumming akamwalira. Aigupto akale ankalera amphaka ku gulu lachipembedzo ndi kuwalemekeza monga nyama zopatulika (mulungu wotchuka kwambiri wamphaka Bastet). Chotero, mwachiwonekere, kukongola kwathu kotayirira kumatiyembekezera kulambira kotheratu.

Malinga ndi David Zaks, polembera Smithsonian, kufunikira kwa nthawi yosinthidwayi ndikuti ikuwonetsa kuti amphaka amathandiza anthu pafupifupi nthawi yochuluka ngati agalu, mosiyana.

Komabe zakutchire

Monga momwe Gwynn Gilford akulembera mu The Atlantic, katswiri wa majeremusi amphaka Wes Warren akufotokoza kuti “amphaka, mosiyana ndi agalu, amaŵetedwa theka chabe.” Malinga ndi a Warren, kuŵeta amphaka kunayamba ndi kusintha kwa anthu kukhala gulu laulimi. Zinali zopambana-kupambana. Alimi ankafunika amphaka kuti asunge makoswe m’khola, ndipo amphaka ankafunikira chakudya chodalirika, monga makoswe ogwidwa ndi zakudya za alimi.

Zikukhalira, kudyetsa mphaka - ndipo iye adzakhala bwenzi lako mpaka kalekale?

Mwina ayi, Gilford akuti. Monga momwe kafukufuku wa genome amatsimikizira, chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakuweta agalu ndi amphaka ndikuti amphaka samadalira kwathunthu anthu kuti adye. "Amphaka asungabe nyimbo zokulirapo kuposa nyama iliyonse, zomwe zimawalola kumva mayendedwe a nyama," wolembayo akulemba. "Sanataye kupenya usiku ndikugaya chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ndi mafuta." Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amphaka amakonda chakudya chokonzekera choperekedwa ndi munthu, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatha kupita kukasaka.

Sikuti aliyense amakonda amphaka

Mbiri ya amphaka imadziwa zitsanzo zingapo za maganizo "ozizira", makamaka ku Middle Ages. Ngakhale kuti luso lawo losaka nyama linawapangitsa kukhala nyama zotchuka, ena anali tcheru ndi kachitidwe kawo kosakayikitsa ndi kachetechete koukira nyama. Anthu ena anafika ponena kuti amphaka ndi nyama za “mdyerekezi”. Ndipo kusatheka kwa kubereka kwathunthu komanso, ndithudi, kunasewera nawo.

Mkhalidwe woterewu wokhudza ubweya wa ubweya udapitilira mpaka nthawi yosaka mfiti ku America - osati nthawi yabwino yobadwira mphaka! Mwachitsanzo, amphaka akuda ankaonedwa mopanda chilungamo ngati zolengedwa zankhanza zomwe zimathandiza eni ake muzochita zamdima. Tsoka ilo, zikhulupirirozi zikadalipo, koma anthu ochulukirapo akukhulupirira kuti amphaka akuda sali owopsa kuposa achibale awo amtundu wina. Mwamwayi, ngakhale m’nthaŵi zamdimazo, sialiyense amene ankadana ndi nyama zokongola zimenezi. Monga tanenera poyamba paja, alimi ndi anthu a m’midzi anayamikira ntchito yawo yabwino kwambiri yosaka mbewa, chifukwa chakuti katundu wa m’nkhokwewo anakhalabe wangwiro. Ndipo m'nyumba za amonke adasungidwa kale ngati ziweto.

Ndipotu, malinga ndi BBC, nyama zambiri zodziwika bwino zinkakhala ku England. Mnyamata wina dzina lake Richard (Dick) Whittington anabwera ku London kudzafunafuna ntchito. Anagula mphaka kuti atseke mbewa m'chipinda chake chapamwamba. Tsiku lina, wamalonda wolemera amene Whittington anam’gwirira ntchito anapereka antchito ake kupeza ndalama zowonjezera mwa kutumiza katundu wina wogulitsidwa m’sitima yopita kumaiko a kutsidya la nyanja. Whittington analibe chopereka koma mphaka. Mwamwayi iye anagwira makoswe onse m’ngalawamo, ndipo chombocho chitafika m’mphepete mwa nyanja, mfumu yake inagula mphaka wa Whittington ndi ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale kuti nkhani ya Dick Whittington ilibe umboni, mphaka uyu wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ku England.

amphaka amakono

Atsogoleri a mayiko okonda amphaka athandizapo kuti nyamazi zizikondedwa. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister waku Britain pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse komanso wokonda nyama, ndi wodziwika bwino poweta ziweto ku Chartwell komanso komwe amakhala. Ku America, amphaka oyamba ku White House anali okondedwa a Abraham Lincoln, Tabby ndi Dixie. Akuti Purezidenti Lincoln ankakonda kwambiri amphaka moti ankatoleranso nyama zosochera pa nthawi imene anali ku Washington.

Ngakhale kuti simungapeze mphaka wapolisi kapena mphaka wopulumutsa, amathandiza anthu amakono kuposa momwe mukuganizira, makamaka chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo choyamba chosaka nyama. Amphaka "analembedwanso" m'gulu lankhondo kuti asunge zakudya kuchokera ku makoswe ndipo, motero, kupulumutsa asilikali ku njala ndi matenda, malinga ndi PetMD portal.

Poganizira mbiri yakale komanso yolemera ya amphaka monga ziweto, n'zosatheka kuyankha funso limodzi: Kodi anthu ankaweta amphaka kapena anasankha kukhala ndi anthu? Mafunso onsewa angayankhidwe motsimikiza. Pali mgwirizano wapadera pakati pa eni amphaka ndi ziweto zawo, ndipo anthu omwe amakonda amphaka amalambira mosangalala anzawo amiyendo inayi chifukwa chikondi chomwe amalandira pobwezera chimalipira ntchito yawo yolimba (ndi kupirira).