Zinyama Zowopsa ndi Mabuku Ofiira a Middle and Southern Urals

Amene sadzalowa m'buku lotere ndi kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu. Ndipo n'zosatheka kupeza nyama mu Red Book wa Urals chifukwa kwambiri wodzichepetsa: izo kulibe mu mawonekedwe awa. Mlanduwu, makamaka, ukukhazikika pagawo la madera. Chigawo chilichonse chili ndi Bukhu lake Lofiira, ndipo gawo limodzi la gawo la derali likhoza kukhala ku Urals, ndipo gawo lina liri kunja kwake. M'malo mwake, ndizotheka kupanga mndandanda wamitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha kwa Urals yonse, koma idzawonjezera pang'ono m'mabuku am'deralo, ndipo kuti athandizidwe, munthu adzayenerabe kutembenukira ku malamulo am'deralo ndi zothandizira.

Ku Middle and Southern Urals, mabuku oterowo analipo, koma m'nthawi yathu ino, pankhani zotere, amatsogozedwa makamaka ndi mndandanda wamalo. Nyama zomwe zimapezeka ku Northern kapena Polar Urals zimafunikiraskat m'mabuku achigawo, mwachitsanzo, mu Red Book ya Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Amatchula, makamaka, magulu atatu a nyamakazi, imodzi mwa izo: anthu a polar-Ural (mpaka nyama 150) akhoza kulembedwa mu Red Book of the Urals.

Ngati nswala sizikulepheretsa mapaipi a gasi ndi mauthenga ena, ndiye kuti amatha kusamuka pamtunda wa makilomita oposa 1000, ndiko kuti, akhoza kusamukira kudera lina la Red Book kupita ku lina. Ku Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Polar Urals Reserve idapangidwa, momwe kuwombera nyama kumaletsedwa komanso kupezeka kwa nswala zoweta kumakhala kochepa. Komabe, chiwerengero cha msonkho (gulu) chimayesedwa malinga ndi deta ndi anthu ambiri, malinga ndi ena, oyembekezera kwambiri, mpaka 150 zitsanzo.

Mogwirizana ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, m'mabuku onse ofiira, kuchuluka kwa ngozi ya kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama agawidwa m'magulu 6:

• 0 - anthu omwe adasowa. Gulu lomvetsa chisoni kwambiri limeneli lapangidwa ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi msana, zomwe sizinatsimikizidwebe m’zaka 50 zapitazi.
• 1 ili pachiwopsezo. Chiwerengero cha anthu chafika pamlingo wovuta kwambiri.
• 2, 3, 4 - pakati pa 1 ndi 5.
• 5 - kubwezeretsa anthu. Chiwerengero cha nyama chikuyandikira dziko lomwe njira zofulumira zobwezeretsa sizikufunika.

M'lingaliro lachilengedwe, ma Middle and Southern Urals amasiyana ndi mitundu yonse, osati kukhala abwinoko.

Red Book of the Middle Urals

Izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo Zowopsa zamtundu wa Ural m'dera la Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk ndi Chelyabinsk zigawo. Masamba a bukhuli amasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndi opha nyama popanda chilolezo ndi akuluakulu ena abizinesi. Asanazindikire bwalo la ozunzidwa, munthu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa maziko akunja omwe amatsagana ndi ntchito za anthu.

Malinga ndi zikalata za boma, madzi abwino m'madamu ambiri m'chigawo cha Sverdlovsk amachokera ku zonyansa mpaka zakuda kwambiri kapena zakuda kwambiri. Utsi wonse womwe umaipitsa mpweya umaposa matani 1,2 miliyoni pachaka. Kuchuluka kwa madzi oipa, omwe 68% ndi oipitsidwa, ndi pafupifupi 1,3 biliyoni kiyubiki mita. mamita pachaka, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi kilomita imodzi ya madzi akuda amatsanulidwa ndi dera la Sverdlovsk lokha. Zigawo zina sizili bwino.

Mitsinje ikuluikulu isanu ndi umodzi ya derali amasankhidwa kukhala mabwalo amadzi oipitsidwa kwambiri ku Russia. Pakalibe zotayirapo zotayirapo zinyalala zapoizoni, m'magawo amakampani opanga mabizinesi pali malo osungiramo matope ndi maiwe okhazikika omwe adapeza pafupifupi ma kiyubiki mita 900 miliyoni amadzi akupha.

Pafupifupi 20% ya nkhalango zozungulira malo ogulitsa mafakitale zimasowa mbali ya singano kapena masamba chifukwa cha mpweya woipa. Mizinda ina ngakhale zigawo zonse za dera la Sverdlovsk zimaonekera ngakhale kuchokera ku ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa zoterezi. Ubale womwe ulipo pazachuma supereka chifukwa chokhalira ndi chiyembekezo: ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti mabizinesi azilipira zilango kuposa kusintha ukadaulo wopanga ndikugawa ndalama zomanganso.

Izi sizongopeka chabe, koma pafupifupi mawu achinsinsi ochokera ku Boma la Sverdlovsk Region. Malipiro a kuwonongekakuperekedwa pa chilengedwe kumakhalabe kulengeza kopanda pake. Ngakhale mitsinje yokhala ndi magombe okongola kwambiri a Usva ndi Chusovaya, yomwe imadutsa m'malo otetezedwa, imaipitsidwa ndi utsi wamakampani. Ndipo ngati tilingalira njira zovuta zopezera ndalama za bajeti ndi kuba kale kosadziŵika komwe kukuchulukirachulukira ndi ziphuphu, ndiye kuti Red Book ya Urals ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati mbiri ya munthu wodwala matenda.

Ngakhale kuti mapiri a Urals ali ndi chuma chochuluka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, pali malo ambiri omwe sali okhudzidwa ndi mafakitale, choncho amasungidwa bwino komanso amakhala osati anthu okha, komanso nyama zakutchire. Kwa iwo omwe alibe mwayi, Red Book ndi yotseguka.

Muskrat

Ichi ndi nyama chabe kwa amene palibe mwayi ndi malo, ndipo adagwera m'gulu loyamba la Red Book la Middle Urals, makamaka, Perm Territory ndi Chelyabinsk Region. (Malo akuluakulu a desman ndi nyanja zamadzi, ndipo ali kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Ural Range). Madzi osaya omwe amauma m'chilimwe ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira sali oyenera. Muskrat amatha kupulumuka m'miyendo yomwe ili pansi pa madzi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi magombe amadzi ayenera kufotokozedwa bwino.

Umbombo wa anthu nthaŵi zonse wakhala ngozi yaikulu kwa kanyama kameneka. Pamene chiwerengero cha muskrat chikadali chachikulu, chinawonongedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola wamtengo wapatali. Ndipo kuswana kwa muskrat ndi cholinga chofanana cha pragmatic kudapangitsa kuti desman asamuke kumalo awo omwe amakhala. Kuwonongeka kowonjezereka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kumayendetsedwa ndi ntchito zachuma za anthu: kumwa madzi othirira, ngalande, kuipitsa madzi.

Hedgehog

Mndandanda wa hedgehog wamba mu Red Data Book ya dera la Sverdlovsk akhoza kudabwitsa aliyense, koma osati anthu okhala ku Yekaterinburg kapena Nizhny Tagil, omwe amasangalala ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zakumaloko pakhungu lawo. Ngati mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo sitingathe kupirira, ndiye kuti chakudya chimafika ngakhale ku hedgehog. Kudula ndi kulima nkhalango kumangowonjezera vutoli. Earred hedgehog amalembedwa mu Red Book of Bashkortostan.

European Mink

Mu Red Book wa dera Chelyabinsk, nyama izi zikugwera mu gulu 1, mu Bashkortostan, mu gulu 2, ndi Red Book la Perm Territory palibe, monga zili mu mndandanda wa kusaka. Kotero kwa mink ya ku Ulaya, mitundu ya ku America ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa anthu.

Nyama zina

Ngati tinyalanyaza lingaliro la tsiku ndi tsiku la nyama, lomwe limangonena za nyama zoyamwitsa, ndi kukumbukira zomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amatanthauza ndi izi, ndiye kuti gulu la tizilombo, mbalame ndi zamoyo zonse kupatulapo zomera zidzatenga masamba angapo kungowatchula.

Kuchokera ku zinyama mileme akhoza kusiyanitsa:

• mleme wa mustachioed
• mleme wamadzi
• mleme wa Nathusius
• mleme wamba
• usiku wa dziwe
• jekete lachikopa lakumpoto
• mochedwa chikopa
• Naterera night

Mamembala a makoswe:

• gologolo wowuluka - amatha kupanga ndege zowuluka mpaka 50 m
• jerboa wamkulu
• nkhalango lemming
• imvi hamster
• munda dormouse
• Hamster wa Eversman
• Djungarian hamster

Red Book of the Southern Urals

Zimaphatikizapo Mitundu yowopsa ya madera a Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk ndi Orenburg. JSC "Orsknefteorgsintez" ndi "Gaisky GOK" amapereka chithandizo chachikulu pazochitika zachilengedwe m'chigawo cha Orenburg. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chankhanza ku chilengedwe, dzina lakuti "Mednogorsk copper ndi sulfure chomera" ndilokwanira kuti akatswiri a zachilengedwe agwedezeke ngati sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kale ndi zotsatira zake zazikulu. M'chigawo cha Orenburg, magwero a madzi oyera amapanga 5% yokha, pamene madzi akuda kwambiri amapezeka mu 16% ya madzi.

Pafupifupi theka la malo amalima, zomwe zimayambitsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, chilala komanso kuchepa kwa chonde. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pafupifupi 25% ya madzi a mumtsinje wa Ural amatengedwa ndi mamiliyoni a cubic metres. ngalande zauve za dera la Chelyabinsk ndi zawo. Akatswiri a zamoyo, omwe alibe mphamvu zowonjezera, amatha kulemba kusintha kwa Red Book.

Zovala zaku South Russia

Nyama iyi kuchokera banja la marten amakhala m'malo owuma opanda mitengo komanso m'zipululu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti m'madera olimidwa adagwera m'gulu la 1. Mofanana ndi steppe polecat, nyamayi imasaka kwambiri usiku: makoswe, mbalame ndi zinyama zazing'ono zamsana. Nyama yothamanga komanso yothamanga imapewa kuyandikira anthu komanso malo olimidwa.

Ngakhale kuvala kobisala kowoneka ngati kopanda phindu kwa alenje, nyamayi ikusowekanso m'chilengedwe.

Saiga - Saiga tatarica

The subfamily of antelopes, the saiga(k), ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngakhale ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu Bukhu Lofiira la dera la Orenburg, nyamayi ilinso m'gulu la 1. Anthu ambiri amazindikira izi antelope wa humpbacked. Mawonekedwewa akufotokozedwa ndi kusinthika kwa phokoso lachikondi panthawi yothamanga - amuna amphamvu kwambiri amapanga phokoso (kupyolera m'mphuno) yafupipafupi, kusankha koyambirira kumapitanso kumbali iyi.

M'chigawo cha Orenburg, pali malo osungiramo boma "Orenburgsky", omwe ali ndi madera 4 akutali, aakulu omwe "Ashchisaiskaya steppe" ali ndi malo okwana mahekitala 7200. Mu mahekitala, chiwerengerocho chikuwoneka, mwina, chochititsa chidwi, koma pokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha saigas, chimamveka ngati kunyoza: gulu la mantha la antelopes lidzadutsa gawo la 8 ndi 9 km pasanathe mphindi 10. Kotero mawu akuti: ng'ombe zing'onozing'ono za saigas zimapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dera la Orenburg, ziyenera kumveka m'nkhaniyi - zikhoza kuyendayenda mwangozi.

mphaka wa steppe

Kwa amphaka aulesi kwambiri komanso ovuta kwambiri, madera ang'onoang'ono a malo osungirako siwotayika kwambiri. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake nyama yokongola iyi ili mu Red Book ya Orenburg Region. osati owopsa kwambiri gulu 3. Nyama zake ndi makoswe ndi mbalame. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene ma gerbil samabwera pamwamba, amphaka anjala amatha kuyendayenda kumalo okhala anthu ndikukwera mu khola la nkhuku.

Pomaliza, tikhoza kunena kuti maganizo oipa kwa chilengedwe ndi mmene si ku Ural dera. Mizinda ya Norilsk ndi chikhalidwe cha Kola Peninsula pafupi ndi zomera zamakampani zimasiya maganizo okhumudwitsa. Malingana ngati dola ndi yuro zikukhalabe nyama zopatulika, padzakhala malo otetezeka a nyama zakutchire m'gulu 0 mu Red Book yokha.