Khunyu mwa galu - zonse zokhudzana ndi khunyu, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo

Kodi agalu angakhale ndi khunyu?

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zodziwira agalu omwe ali ndi khunyu. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za chitukuko cha khunyu - oposa 40 matenda osiyanasiyana amatsagana ndi khunyu, chimodzi mwa izo ndi khunyu. Kawirikawiri, kuyanjana kwa maselo mu ubongo kumachokera ku mphamvu zofooka zamagetsi. Ndi khunyu, imasokonezeka - chikoka champhamvu kwambiri chimapangidwa mu ubongo.

Mukakumana ndi zotupa, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kuukira kwa khunyu kumachitika motsatira ndondomeko:

• nthawi ya prodromal - nthawi yomwe imayamba maola angapo kapena masiku angapo chisanachitike kugwidwa kwenikweni. Panthawiyi, khalidwe la galu likhoza kusintha: nyamayo imakhala yosakhazikika, yodetsa nkhawa.

• aura - Kalambulabwalo wa kukomoka. Kusintha kwamagetsi kwayamba kale mu ubongo, koma palibe mawonetseredwe akunja. Choncho, gawo ili likhoza kukhazikitsidwa pochita electroencephalography - EEG.

• Chilonda - kukomoka mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaposa mphindi 5.

• posttal period - kubwezeretsedwa kwa ubongo. Agalu panthawiyi amatha kuyenda mosasunthika, kuyang'ananso dziko lapansi - kununkhiza chirichonse, kuyang'ana.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kukomoka kwa khunyu mwa agalu kumachitika ndi chikumbumtima chofooka kuyambira kusokonezeka pang'ono mpaka kukomoka.

Nthawi zina kukomoka kumachitika, komwe kumawonetseredwa ndi kugwa kwadzidzidzi kwa nyama kapena kungofowoka, chiweto chimasiya kuyankha zolimbikitsa. Zizindikiro zotere za khunyu mwa agalu zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira ngakhale kwa katswiri wodziwa bwino za ubongo.

Mitundu ya khunyu

Pakali pano, pali mitundu ingapo ya khunyu:

• Idiopathic kapena zoona;

• Zomanga kapena zizindikiro;

• Cryptogenic;

• Zokhazikika.

Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Idiopathic khunyu

Chifukwa cha khunyu idiopathic amaonedwa kuti kobadwa nako majini pathology. Komabe, pamlingo wa majini, izi zatsimikiziridwa mu agalu a Lagotto Romagnolo. Mtundu uwu wadziwika kuti uli ndi puloteni yomwe imayambitsa khunyu ndipo, chifukwa chake, pali kufufuza kwa majini komwe kungatsimikizire kuti munthu ali ndi matenda otani.

The Rhodesian Ridgeback ilinso ndi mayeso a majini a khunyu ya myoclonic (momwe imawonekera idzafotokozedwa pansipa). M'mitundu ina, matendawa amatengedwa ngati polygenic (majini ambiri ndi omwe amachititsa matendawa) ndipo matendawa amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kwa zolinga zina zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko.

Khunyu yeniyeni imatha kuchitika mwa nyama kuyambira miyezi 6 mpaka 6 zakubadwa. Koma nthawi zambiri mawonetseredwe oyamba amayamba kuyambira zaka 1 mpaka 3.

Mtundu uwu wa khunyu, mwatsoka, ndi wosachiritsika, koma n'zotheka kuthetsa matendawa ndi kuchepetsa kubwereza kwa khunyu.

Mapangidwe khunyu

M'mabuku ena, amatchedwa symptomatic. Zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a zosokoneza zilizonse muubongo. Mwachitsanzo, kobadwa nako anatomical Mbali kapena anapeza kusintha mu kapangidwe ka ubongo, ndiko kuti, neoplasms, mtima zopunduka, cicatricial kusintha mu ubongo, kudzikundikira kwachilendo kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu ubongo, kapena malformations.

Zonsezi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mu minofu yamanjenje ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukomoka.

Ngati structural anomaly yathetsedwa, zogwedezeka zimatha kusiya.

Cryptogenic khunyu

Cryptogenic khunyu ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira. Komabe, mofanana ndi khunyu lenileni, sitingadziŵe chimene chimayambitsa. Sizikuphatikizidwa kuti izi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njira zofufuzira zowonjezereka komanso zolondola. Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ngati chiweto sichikukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni za khunyu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati matenda osokoneza bongo ayamba mwa mwana wagalu asanakwanitse miyezi 6 kapena, mosiyana, ndi galu wamkulu.

Magwero angapo amawonanso kuti mtundu uwu wa khunyu wa canine ukhoza kukhala wovuta kuchiza ndipo kufotokozera kwa matendawa ndi kusamala.

Khunyu yokhazikika

Mtundu uwu wa khunyu umaonedwa kuti ndi wovomerezeka, chifukwa convulsive syndrome imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a zochita za poizoni kapena zovuta za metabolic. Nthawi zambiri akufotokozera motsutsana maziko a chiwindi kapena impso matenda. Pamenepa, kugwedezeka kumachitika, popeza kuti zinthu zambiri zapoizoni zimawunjikana m’thupi la galu.

Mwa ana agalu, makamaka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amasala kudya kwakanthawi kochepa, hypoglycemia imayamba (matenda omwe shuga m'thupi amatsika kwambiri), zomwe zimadzetsanso kukomoka. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, kalulu woyamwitsa angasowe kashiamu ngati ali wochepa m’zakudya. Matendawa amapezekanso ndi kukomoka.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa, zoloserazo zimakhala zabwino.

Mitundu ya khunyu

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khunyu - focal ndi generalized.

Khunyu ya khunyu (kapena pang'ono) imadziwika ndi kukomoka mbali imodzi yokha, chifukwa gawo limodzi lokha la ubongo limakhudzidwa. Pamenepa, chidziwitso cha nyama chikhoza kusungidwa pang'ono. Kugundana kulikonse kwa minofu, kutulutsa malovu mosasamala, kukulitsa kwa ana, ndi zina zotere zimachitika mbali imodzi yokha. Kukomoka pang'ono kumatha kukhala kofala.

Kukomoka kwa khunyu kumakhudza mbali zonse za ubongo ndipo kumatha kuwonedwa mosiyanasiyana:

• tonic kukomoka yodziwika ndi kukanika kwa minofu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonetseredwa ndi kupendekeka mutu, kutambasula chifuwa ndi miyendo ya m'chiuno.

• Kukomoka kwa clonic yodziwika ndi kukangana kwa minofu pafupipafupi. Izi zimawonekera makamaka mu minofu ya muzzle, pamene nyama imayamba kugwedeza mano ake kapena kusambira.

• Clonic-tonic yodziwika ndi kusinthana kosakanikirana kwa mitundu iwiri ya khunyu.

• Myoclonic khunyu phatikizani gulu limodzi la minofu. Ndi kugwedezeka uku, chidziwitso, monga lamulo, sichimasokonezeka.

• Absance n'zovuta kuzizindikira, chifukwa palibe kugwidwa panthawiyi, nyamayo ikuwoneka kuti ikuzizira kwa kanthawi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zokopa zakunja zimatha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito yamphamvu yamagetsi imapezeka m'mutu mwake.

• Atonic khunyu - chikhalidwe chomwe minofu imatayika kwakanthawi kochepa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu mwa agalu

Pali zifukwa zoyambirira (kapena zobadwa nazo) ndi zachiwiri (zopeza) za khunyu.

Mtundu woyamba, mwina, umafalikira pamlingo wa chibadwa. Njira zenizeni za kusokonezeka kwaubongo nthawi zambiri sizidziwika, pafupifupi 55-60% ya nyama zotere. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala za idiopathic ndi cryptogenic khunyu.

Zifukwa zachiwiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ubongo ndikuziwononga, zomwe ndi:

• Zotupa mu ubongo;

• Meningitis ndi encephalitis (matenda otupa a ubongo);

• Kutuluka magazi ndi thromboses mu dongosolo la ubongo;

• Zotsatira za kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo;

• Zotsatira za kuledzera;

• Congenital anomalies pakukula kwa ubongo;

• Matenda a ziwalo zamkati ndi matenda a endocrinological omwe amatsogolera ku zovuta za metabolic.

Izi zimayambitsa chitukuko cha structural kapena reactive khunyu.

Magulu owopsa

Mitundu yotsatirayi imakonda kudwala khunyu: golden retriever, labrador retriever, poodle (ndi mitundu yawo yosakanikirana - toy poodles, maltipoo), border collie, cocker spaniel, rough collie, galu wamkulu wa ku swiss mountain, keeshond, beagle, Irish wolfhound, german shepherd , dachshund, lagotto romagnolo, Irish setter, rhodesian ridgeback.

Komanso pachiwopsezo ndi mitundu ya brachycephalic monga pugs, bulldogs waku France, ndi chihuahuas. Mitundu imeneyi imakonda kukhala ndi khunyu kusiyana ndi idiopathic khunyu, chifukwa chakuti imakhala ndi mphuno yosalala, mawonekedwe a chigaza chosakhazikika, ndipo ubongo umakhala wopanikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe muubongo komanso kuthamanga kwa intracranial.

Zinyama zomwe zavulala m'mutu zilinso pangozi.

Zizindikiro za Khunyu mwa Agalu

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi mawonetseredwe a khunyu angakhale kukomoka kobwerezabwereza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, agalu amasiya kumva ndi kuona kwa nthawi yochepa, maso awo amakhala magalasi, ndipo samayankha kuyitana kwa mwiniwake. Pa nthawi ya kugwedezeka, pakhoza kukhala chimbudzi, kukodza, kusanza.

Koma mwiniwakeyo nthawi zonse amatha kuzindikira khunyu. Kugwedezeka kwina kumachitika ndi kugwedezeka kwa minofu ya muzzle, makamaka m'dera la milomo ndi maso, pakhoza kukhala mphuno, kutafuna kapena kugwedeza kwa makutu.

Kusintha kwa khalidwe isanayambe kapena itatha convulsive syndrome kuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a mantha, chiwawa, mantha galu. Izi zimasonyezedwa mwa kununkhiza mwakhama, kuyenda mozungulira, nyamayo imatha kuyang'ana mozungulira ndikudandaula. Nthawi zina pamakhala kuyenda kosakhazikika, ndipo kuchokera kunja kumawoneka kuti galu samamvetsetsa komwe kuli. Mwina sangamuzindikire mwiniwakeyo kwa nthawi ndithu pambuyo pa kukomoka, kuuwa kwa mwiniwakeyo ndipo sanamulole kuti akhale pafupi naye.

Diagnostics

Kuzindikira kwa matendawa ndikokulirakulira ndipo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono:

1. Kusonkhanitsa mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya nyama: kupeza momwe kugwidwa kumachitika, momwe nyama imamvera pambuyo pawo, ngati achibale a galu anali ndi zizindikiro zofanana.

2. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chinyamacho, kuwunika momwe zimakhalira komanso momwe zimakhudzira zokopa zakunja, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso, kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutentha, ndi zina zambiri.

3. Amayesanso kuyezetsa magazi: zonse komanso zamankhwala am'magazi. Ngati akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi khunyu, mbiri yoyezetsa kwambiri imakonda kuwunika ma electrolyte, kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo ndikofunikira kupewa matenda a chiwindi. Kwa izi, mayeso owonjezera amatengedwa a bile acid, ammonia. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chithokomiro (TSH) ndi thyroxine (T4) kuti athetse mavuto a chithokomiro.

4. Kuyesedwa ndi polymer chain reaction (PCR) kuti asaphatikizepo matenda omwe adachokera ku ma virus (mwachitsanzo, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis).

5. Gawo lomaliza la matenda ndi maginito a resonance imaging (MRI) yaubongo mosiyana, kusanthula kwa cerebrospinal fluid. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda kapena zomangika pakukula kwa khunyu.

6. Electroencephalography (EEG) mu mankhwala a Chowona Zanyama ndi njira yovuta, chifukwa ngati nyamayo ikudziwa, ndiye kuti zolakwika zambiri zimachitika. Komabe, ngati zikuyenda bwino, zimakulolani kuti mupeze vuto la khunyu.

Chithandizo cha khunyu mwa agalu

Pochiza khunyu mwa agalu, mankhwala otsatirawa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la anticonvulsants amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Levetiracetam (Keppra ndi analogues);

• Phenobarbital (ku Russia pansi pa dzina la malonda Pagluferal);

• Kukonzekera zochokera potaziyamu bromide;

• Zonisamide (dzina la malonda Zonegran - lotumizidwa kuchokera ku Japan, kotero silikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Russia).

Mankhwala omwe atchulidwawa ndi omwe amasankhidwa poyamba. Zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Gabapentin angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati adjuvant mankhwala. Koma nthawi zina agalu amakana, madokotala amatha kuwonjezera mlingo, kusintha mankhwala, kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala angapo oletsa kukomoka. Ndi chitukuko cha epistatus (mkhalidwe umene nyama nthawi yomweyo imalowa kuchokera ku nkhondo ina kupita kwina kapena kuukira kumatenga mphindi zoposa 5), ​​galuyo amaikidwa m'chipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala. Mofananamo, ma diuretics angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza kupewa edema yaubongo. Ngati galu akadadya chiphe chomwe chimakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, ndiye kuti mankhwala oletsa antidote (antidotes) ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa kuledzera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukayikira structural kapena zotakasika mawonekedwe a khunyu.

Chithandizo cha khunyu mu agalu ayenera zotchulidwa ndi Chowona Zanyama minyewa. M'pofunika osati kusankha osachepera ogwira mlingo, komanso kuwunika magazi m'tsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, popereka mankhwala a phenobarbital, veterinarians amalangiza mosakayikira kuti ayang'ane mlingo wa magazi ake, popeza mankhwalawa amachotsedwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo mu nyama zina, mlingo wokhazikika sumayambitsa mpumulo wa khunyu, chifukwa chiwindi chimalepheretsa mankhwalawa mwamsanga.

Kudziletsa kuletsa mankhwala ndi zosavomerezeka, monga amapha khunyu khunyu akhoza kukhala, chifukwa mankhwala ndi cumulative zotsatira, ngakhale kumayambiriro Mlingo waukulu, sakulolani kuchotsa mphamvu magetsi mu ubongo.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati galu wanga ali ndi khunyu?

• Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti musasokonezedwe ndi mwiniwake.

• Ndikofunika kuika nyamayo pamalo otetezeka, ndiko kuti, kuika pansi, kuchoka pamakona akuthwa kapena zinthu zomwe zingathe kugunda.

• Ngati n'kotheka, chepetsani magetsi ndi kuchepetsa phokoso (zimitsani TV, nyimbo, zida zamagetsi zapanyumba).

• Panthawi yomwe ikuukira, simungathe kuthandiza nyamayo mwanjira iliyonse, kuyesa kutulutsa lilime kapena kukonza chiweto sikumangomveka, koma kungayambitse kupwetekedwa mtima kwa eni ake ndi nyama. .

• Zingakhale bwino ngati mungathe kulanda kuukira kwa kanema. Nkhaniyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa veterinarian. Ngati kuukira kwasintha kukhala epistatus, nyamayo iyenera kuperekedwa ku chipatala mwachangu.

khunyu mwa ana agalu

Ana agalu amakhalanso ndi khunyu, koma kuti adziwe matenda a khunyu, matenda ena angapo ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matendawa ziyenera kupewedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kukomoka kwa ana kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa shuga m'thupi, kuchepa kwa calcium kapena potaziyamu, kapena chifukwa cha zochita zamtundu wina wa poizoni. Matenda a khunyu nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa mwamsanga ngati zifukwa zina zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kukomoka sizikudziwika.

Kodi agalu omwe ali ndi khunyu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

M'mabuku ena, pali chiwerengero - zaka 7, koma palibe chitsimikizo chenicheni cha izi. Malingana ndi machitidwe, tinganene kuti agalu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuyambira nthawi ya matenda. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha khunyu zimakhudza moyo wa chiweto.

Mu matenda a khunyu, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa ndikuchiza ngati chikuchiritsika. Ndikofunikiranso pamene matendawa amadziwonetsera okha, komanso ndizomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi. Kuwukiridwa pafupipafupi, kwamphamvu komanso kwanthawi yayitali, kumayambitsa matendawo. Zidzakhalanso zofunika momwe eni ake amakwaniritsira malangizo a dokotala. Agalu amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso njira zodzitetezera kuti apewe kukomoka.

Prevention

Pankhani ya kupewa, tikhoza kuteteza galu kuvulala ndi poizoni.

Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala muzzle ndi leash poyenda kuti galu asatenge chilichonse, komanso chiopsezo chothawa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kuvulala, chiyeneranso kuchepetsedwa.

Ndibwino kuti titeteze nyamayo kuti isatenthedwe m'chilimwe, makamaka kwa mitundu ya bracheocephalic ndi mitundu yokhala ndi undercoat yotchulidwa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira kuti ngati kuvulala kwa mutu, kuyendera mwamsanga kuchipatala kumasonyezedwa kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake, zotheka ubongo wa edema.

N'zotheka kupewa khunyu lenileni pokhapokha pa kuswana. Mwiniwake nthawi zina samakayikira ngakhale kupezeka kwa matendawa mumtundu wa nyama, kotero apa udindo waukulu uli ndi woweta, yemwe ayenera kusankha bwino agalu kuti abereke.

Chisamaliro

Pambuyo pa kuukira, m'pofunika kulankhula ndi nyamayo, mu mawu chete, yesetsani kuikhazika pansi ngati ikusangalala kwambiri.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa, galu akhoza kuchita mantha, popeza chidziwitso pambuyo pa kuukira chimasokonezeka ndipo sichidziwika nthawi yomweyo mwiniwakeyo.

Sikoyenera kupereka mankhwala kapena madzi panthawi ya kuukira kapena mwamsanga.

Popeza mchitidwe womeza ukhoza kuwonongeka. Izi zimangopangitsa kuti chinthucho chikokedwe kapena kuvulaza manja a mwiniwakeyo poyesa kutsegula nsagwada. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ku chipatala madokotala amabaya chilichonse kudzera m'mitsempha kapena kudzera m'mphuno.

Konzani tsiku, nthawi ndi nthawi yowukira, lembani zomwe zidachitika zisanachitike. Zonsezi zidzakuthandizani dokotala wanu ndikuzindikira chomwe chingayambitse, pambuyo pake kugwidwa kumayamba. Izi zidzachepetsa kukhudzika kwina koyambitsa matenda.

Ngati kugwidwa kwa galu kuli pansi pa ulamuliro, palibe kuphwanya kumwa mankhwalawa, ndiye kuti sikufuna chisamaliro chowonjezera.

Chidule

1. Khunyu ndi matenda ofala pakati pa ziweto. Kukomoka ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha khunyu mwa agalu. Koma sikuti kugwidwa kulikonse kuli khunyu kwenikweni.

2. Kukhazikitsa matenda olondola komanso omaliza, ndikofunikira kumaliza gawo lililonse la matendawo kuti pambuyo pake mupereke chithandizo choyenera. Kudzipangira mankhwala kapena kulephera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala kungayambitse imfa ya chiweto.

3. Ngati galu wanu ali ndi khunyu, ndiye muyiike pambali pake pansi ndikujambula vidiyo zonse. Kuyesera kugwira kapena kukwera m'kamwa sikuli koyenera, izi zidzangobweretsa mavuto ndi kuvulala.

4. Ngati kugwedezekako kumatenga mphindi zopitirira 5 kapena kubwereza, ndiye kuti mwamsanga mutengere galuyo ku chipatala ndikumugoneka kuchipatala mpaka vutoli litakhazikika.

5. Ndi khunyu, nyama imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wosangalala, koma zotsatira za mayeso ndi kukhazikitsidwa kolondola kwa malangizo onse a dokotala zimakhudza momwe zimakhalira.

Muvidiyoyi mutha kuwona momwe khunyu limawonekera mwa agalu.

Mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri

Sources:

1. Upangiri Wothandiza wa Canine ndi Feline Neurology, Edition 3, Curtis W.Dewey, Ronaldo C. da Costa, 2015

2. Handbook of Veterinary Neurology, Edition 2004, Michael D. Lorenz, Joe N. Kornegay, XNUMX

3. Neurology of agalu ndi amphaka, S. Crisman, K. Mariani, S. Platt, R. Clemons, 2016.