Euthanasia ya zokwawa ndi amphibians
Kufotokozera mwachidule za nkhani ya euthanasia mu Chowona Zanyama herpetology
Pali zifukwa zambiri zopezera chokwawa. Komanso, pali njira zambiri zokwaniritsira ntchitoyi. Njira zomwe zili zoyenera pa cholinga chimodzi sizingakhale zoyenera kwa china. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa ndi njira, ndi njira yaumunthu ya euthanasia.
Zizindikiro za euthanasia, monga lamulo, ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amayambitsa kuvutika kwa nyama. Komanso, njirayi imachitika pofuna kufufuza kapena kupha nyama pofuna chakudya kapena mafakitale m'mafamu. Pali njira zambiri zochitira njirayi, koma mfundo yawo yayikulu ndikuchepetsa ululu ndi kuzunzika kosafunikira kwa nyama komanso kuthamanga kapena kusalala kwa njirayi.
Zizindikiro za euthanasia zingaphatikizepo kuvulala kwakukulu, magawo osagwira ntchito a matenda opangira opaleshoni, matenda omwe amachititsa ngozi kwa nyama zina kapena anthu, komanso chikomokere mu akamba ofooka.
Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa moyenera, chifukwa nthawi zina autopsy ya chinyama imafunika ndi zotsatira zojambulidwa, ndipo njira yolakwika imatha kusokoneza kwambiri chithunzi cha matenda omwe akuganiziridwawo.
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| Euthanasia mwa jekeseni mu ubongo kudzera mu diso la parietal Source: Mader, 2005 | Euthanasia ndi decapitation pambuyo pa opaleshoni Source: Mader, 2005 |
Mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito jakisoni muubongo kudzera mu diso la parietal (lachitatu) Source: D.Mader (2005)
Ubongo wa akamba amatha kusunga ntchito zake kwa nthawi ndithu pansi pa njala ya okosijeni, yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa pali zochitika zadzidzidzi kudzutsidwa kwa nyama pambuyo pa "njira yomaliza"; Kupuma kupuma kokha sikukwanira imfa. Olemba ena akunja adalangiza kupereka yankho la formalin ku msana kapena mankhwala opha ululu, pamodzi ndi mankhwala osankhidwa a euthanasia, komanso amalingalira za kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa potaziyamu ndi magnesium ngati othandizira amtima (kuchepetsa mwayi wobwezeretsanso ntchito yopopa). the heart) pofuna kupewa kudzuka. Njira yopumira zinthu zosasunthika za akamba ndizosavomerezeka chifukwa akamba amatha kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali. Fry m'mabuku ake (1991) akuwonetsa kuti mtima ukupitirizabe kugunda kwa kanthawi pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya euthanasia, yomwe imapangitsa kuti magazi azitolera ngati kuli kofunikira kuti afufuze pofuna kufufuza pambuyo pa imfa yachipatala. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso pozindikira imfa.
Mwachiwonekere, ofufuza ena pansi pa euthanasia amatanthawuza kupha mwachindunji mwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi ku ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zida, ndipo njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza Chowona Zanyama zimachitidwa pokonzekera nyama.
Pali malangizo ambiri a euthanasia a zokwawa zofalitsidwa ku USA, koma mutu wa "golide muyezo" umaperekedwabe ndi akatswiri ambiri ku monographs ya Dr. Cooper. Pofuna kukonzekera, akatswiri a zinyama zachilendo amagwiritsa ntchito ketamine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupereka mankhwala akuluakulu mumtsempha, komanso zimachepetsanso kupsinjika kwa nyama ndikulepheretsa mwiniwake kukhala ndi nkhawa zosafunikira ngati akupezeka pa ndondomeko ya euthanasia. Pambuyo pake, barbiturates amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Akatswiri ena amagwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride pambuyo popereka mankhwala opha ululu. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kudzera m'mitsempha, zomwe zimatchedwa. diso la parietal. Zothetsera zitha kuperekedwa intracelomically kapena intramuscularly; pali lingaliro lakuti njira zoyendetsera ntchitoyi ndizothandiza, koma zotsatira zake zimabwera pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, munthu ayenera kuganizira mfundo yakuti kutaya madzi m'thupi, hypothermia kapena matenda (omwe, kwenikweni, nthawi zonse amakhala mu zizindikiro za euthanasia) akhoza kukhala zoletsa mayamwidwe a mankhwala. Wodwala akhoza kuikidwa m'chipinda choperekera mpweya wotsekemera (halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane), koma njirayi ikhoza kukhala yayitali chifukwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zokwawa zina zimatha kupuma ndikupita ku njira za anaerobic, zomwe zimawapatsa zina. nthawi yoti mukhale ndi apnea; izi makamaka zimagwira ng'ona ndi akamba am'madzi.
Malinga ndi D.Mader (2005), amphibians, mwa zina, amathandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito TMS (Tricaine methane sulfonate) ndi MS - 222. Cooper, Ewebank and Platt (1989) adanena kuti amphibians am'madzi amathanso kuphedwa m'madzi ndi sodium bicarbonate. kapena piritsi la Alco-Seltzer. Euthanasia yokhala ndi TMS (Tricaine methane sulfonate) malinga ndi Wayson et al. (1976) zosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Analimbikitsa intracelomic makonzedwe a TMS pa mlingo wa 200 mg/kg. Kugwiritsa ntchito Mowa mu ndende wamkulu kuposa 20% amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa euthanasia. Pentobarbital kutumikiridwa pa mlingo wa 100 mg/kg intracelomically. Sizokondedwa ndi akatswiri ena a matenda chifukwa zimayambitsa kusintha kwa minofu komwe kumasokoneza kwambiri chithunzi cha matenda (Kevin M. Wright et Brent R. Whitaker, 2001).
Mu njoka, T 61 imaperekedwa intracardially (intramuscularly kapena intracelomically pakufunika, mankhwalawo amabayidwa m'mapapo. Pa njoka zapoizoni, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira kapena chidebe chokhala ndi chloroform ndikwabwino ngati palibe. T 61 imapezekanso. Poyerekeza ndi ng'ona zazikulu kwambiri, olemba ena amatchulapo za kuwombera kumbuyo kwa mutu, ngati palibe njira ina.Ndizovuta kwa ife kuweruza euthanasia ya zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri powombera kuchokera ku mfuti, ngakhale ku mbali ya zachuma ya nkhaniyi, kotero ife tipewe kuyankhapo ndemanga pa nkhaniyi makamaka. asonyeza kuti anthu sakhulupirira njira imeneyi, ngakhale wodwalayo atakonzekera asanamuike m'chipindamo, chifukwa chakuti kuzizira mufiriji kumatenga nthawi yaitali. Komabe, ngati palibe njira zina, njira imeneyi nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poletsa chiweto.
Imodzi mwa njira zowononga ubongo ndi chida pambuyo poyambitsa nyama mu opaleshoni. Gwero: McArthur S., Wilkinson R., Meyer J, 2004.
Kuchotsa mutu si njira yaumunthu ya euthanasia. Cooper et al. (1982) adawonetsa kuti ubongo wa reptilian ukhoza kuzindikira ululu mpaka ola la 1 mutasweka ndi msana. Zofalitsa zambiri zimalongosola njira yopha munthu mwa kuwononga ubongo ndi chida chakuthwa. M'malingaliro athu, njirayi imachitika mwanjira yoperekera mayankho ku ubongo ndi jakisoni m'diso la parietal. Komanso nkhanza ndi magazi (kuthekera kwakanthawi kwa ubongo wa zokwawa ndi amphibians panthawi ya hypoxia zidanenedwa pamwambapa), kumenyedwa mwamphamvu kumutu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti. Komabe, njira yowombera kuchokera ku chida champhamvu kwambiri kulowa m'diso la parietal la zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chosatheka kuchita zinthu zaumunthu.
Kupambana kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zogulitsira anthu (malinga ndi Mader, 2005):
nyama | kwambiri kuzizira | Introduction mankhwala zinthu | Kumiza muzothetsera | Kutsegula | thupi zotsatira |
Buluzi | <40 g | + | - | + | + |
Njoka | <40 g | + | - | + | + |
Akamba | <40 g | + | - | - | + |
Nkhokwe | - | + | - | - | + |
amphibians | <40 g | + | + | - | + |
Ponena za Zinyama Zachilendo za BSAVA (2002), dongosolo la euthanasia la zokwawa zotengedwa Kumadzulo likhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule patebulo:
Gawo | Kukonzekera | Mlingo | Njira yothandizira |
1 | Ketamine | 100-200 mg / kg | mu / m |
2 | Pentobarbital (Nembutal) | 200 mg/kg | ndi/v |
3 | Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kwa zida | ||
Vasiliev DB anafotokozanso kuphatikiza kwa magawo awiri oyambirira a tebulo (kuperekedwa kwa Nembutal ndi makonzedwe oyambirira a ketamine) ndi intracardial administration ya barbiturate kwa akamba ang'onoang'ono. m’buku lake lakuti Turtles. Kusamalira, matenda ndi chithandizo ”(2011). Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi propofol mtsempha wamagazi pamlingo wanthawi zonse wa opaleshoni ya reptile (5-10 ml/kg) kapena chipinda cha chloroform cha abuluzi ang'onoang'ono ndi njoka, kenako intracardiac (nthawi zina intravenous) lidocaine wa 2% (2 ml/kg). ). kg). Pambuyo pa njira zonse, mtembo umayikidwa mufiriji (Kutorov, 2014).
Kutorov SA, Novosibirsk, 2014
Mabuku 1. Vasiliev DB Turtles. Zamkatimu, matenda ndi chithandizo. – M .: “Aquarium Print”, 2011. 2. Yarofke D., Lande Yu. Zokwawa. Matenda ndi mankhwala. - M. "Aquarium Print", 2008. 3. BSAVA. 2002. BSAVA Buku la Ziweto Zachilendo. 4. Mader D., 2005. Mankhwala a zokwawa ndi opaleshoni. Saunders Elsvier. 5. McArthur S., Wilkinson R., Meyer J. 2004. Mankhwala ndi opaleshoni ya akamba ndi akamba. Blackwell Publishing. 6. Wright K., Whitaker B. 2001. Mankhwala a Amphibian ndi ogwidwa ukapolo. Krieger Publishing.
Tsitsani nkhani mumtundu wa PDF
Pakalibe herpetologist veterinarians, njira zotsatirazi euthanasia angagwiritsidwe ntchito - overdose wa 25 mg / kg wa mankhwala Chowona Zanyama opaleshoni (Zoletil kapena Telazol) IM ndiyeno mufiriji.
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