Anaphunzira kusowa chochita mwa agalu

Ndithudi aliyense wa ife wamvapo mawu oti “kusaphunzira chosowa chochita”. Koma si aliyense amene amadziwa bwino tanthauzo la mawuwa. Kodi kusowa thandizo kumaphunzira chiyani ndipo kungayambike mwa agalu?

Kodi kusowa thandizo kumaphunzira chiyani ndipo kumachitika agalu?

Teremuyo "anaphunzira kusowa chochita"adayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo waku America Martin Seligman m'zaka za m'ma 60 za zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Ndipo anachita izi pamaziko a kuyesera ndi agalu, kotero kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba anaphunzira kusowa thandizo, wina anganene, analembetsa mwalamulo agalu.

Chofunikira cha kuyesako chinali motere.

Agaluwo anawagawa m’magulu atatu n’kuikidwa m’makola. Pomwe:

1. Gulu loyamba la agalu lidalandira kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, koma limatha kukhudza momwe zinthu ziliri: kanikizani chowongolera ndikuyimitsa kuphedwa.
2. Gulu lachiwiri la agalu linalandira kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, komabe, mosiyana ndi loyamba, iwo sakanatha kuwapewa mwanjira iliyonse.
3. Gulu lachitatu la agalu silinavutike ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi - ili ndilo gulu lolamulira.

Tsiku lotsatira, kuyesako kunapitirizidwa, koma agaluwo sanaikidwe mu khola lotsekedwa, koma m'bokosi lokhala ndi mbali zotsika zomwe zingathe kudumpha mosavuta. Ndipo kachiwiri anayamba kupereka kumaliseche panopa. M'malo mwake, galu aliyense amatha kuwapewa nthawi yomweyo podumpha kuchokera pamalo oopsa.

Komabe, zotsatirazi zinachitika.

1. Agalu ochokera m'gulu loyamba, omwe anali ndi mphamvu yoletsa mphamvuyi mwa kukanikiza lever, nthawi yomweyo adalumpha m'bokosi.
2. Agalu a gulu lachitatu nawonso adalumpha kunja.
3. Agalu a gulu lachiwiri anachita mwachidwi. Anathamangira mozungulira bokosilo, kenako adangogona pansi, akudandaula ndikupirira kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Choipa kwambiri n’chakuti, ngati agalu a m’gulu lachiŵiri analumphira kunja mwangozi koma anaikidwanso m’bokosilo, sakanatha kubwereza zimene zinawathandiza kupeŵa ululu.

Ndi chimene Seligman anachitcha “kusadzithandiza kuphunzira” chimene chinachitikira agalu a m’gulu lachiŵiri.

Kusadzithandiza kophunzira kumapangidwa pamene munthu sangathe kuwongolera kuwonetsa zokopa (zosasangalatsa, zowawa).. Pankhaniyi, imayimitsa kuyesa kulikonse ndikupeza njira yothetsera vutoli.

N'chifukwa chiyani kusowa chochita kuphunzira n'koopsa agalu?

Akatswiri ena a cynologists ndi eni ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowawa za maphunziro ndi maphunziro, pogwiritsa ntchito chiwawa, agalu amaphunzira kusowa thandizo. Poyang'ana koyamba, izi zingawoneke ngati zabwino: galu woteroyo amamvera mosakayikira ndipo sangayese kusonyeza kunyoza ndi "kunena maganizo ake." Komabe, iye sadzasonyezanso kuchitapo kanthu, kutaya chidaliro mwa munthu ndipo adzadziwonetsa yekha mofooka kwambiri pamene kuli kofunikira kupeza yankho payekha.

Mkhalidwe wa kusowa chochita wophunzira ndi wowopsa kwa thanzi la galu. Zimayambitsa chitukuko cha kupsinjika maganizo kosatha komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi maganizo ndi thupi.

Mwachitsanzo, Madlon Visintainer, poyesa makoswe, adapeza kuti 73% ya makoswe omwe adaphunzira kusowa thandizo adamwalira ndi khansa (Visintainer et al., 1982).

Kodi vuto lophunzira limapangidwa bwanji komanso momwe mungapewere?

Kupezeka kwa matenda osachiritsika kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kupanda malamulo omveka bwino.
2. Kukoka kosalekeza ndi kusakhutira kwa eni ake.
3. Zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Mukhoza kuphunzira momwe mungaphunzitsire ndi kuphunzitsa agalu mwa umunthu, popanda zotsatira zoipa pa thanzi lawo ndi maganizo awo, pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro athu a kanema.