Zomera, Mbalame ndi Zinyama za m'zipululu za Arctic: Zomwe Mumakhalamo ndi Moyo

Chipululu cha Arctic, kumpoto kwenikweni kwa madera onse achilengedwe, ndi gawo la Arctic geographical zone ndipo lili m'mphepete mwa Arctic, kuyambira pachilumba cha Wrangel kupita kuzilumba za Franz Josef Land. Derali, lomwe lili ndi zilumba zonse za Arctic Basin, nthawi zambiri limakutidwa ndi madzi oundana ndi matalala, komanso zidutswa za miyala ndi zinyalala.

Chipululu cha Arctic: malo, nyengo ndi nthaka

Nyengo ya kumtunda kumatanthauza nyengo yayitali, yotentha komanso yozizira chilimwe chozizira chachifupi popanda nyengo zosintha komanso ndi nyengo yachisanu. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwa mpweya sikufika pa 0 ° C, mvula nthawi zambiri imagwa ndi matalala, thambo liri ndi mitambo yotuwa, ndipo mapangidwe a chifunga chakuda ndi chifukwa cha kutuluka kwamphamvu kwa madzi a m'nyanja. Nyengo yowawa yotereyi imapangidwa pokhudzana ndi kutentha kwambiri kwapamwamba kwambiri, komanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi oundana ndi matalala. Pachifukwa ichi, nyama zomwe zimakhala m'madera a zipululu za Arctic zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi oimira zinyama zomwe zimakhala m'madera a kontinenti - ndizosavuta kusintha kuti zipulumuke m'madera ovuta kwambiri.

Malo opanda madzi oundana a ku Arctic ndi enieni wophimbidwa ndi permafrost, choncho, njira yopangira nthaka imakhala pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko ndipo imachitika mu wosanjikiza wosauka, womwe umadziwikanso ndi kudzikundikira kwa manganese ndi iron oxides. Pazidutswa za miyala yosiyanasiyana, mafilimu achitsulo-manganese amapangidwa, omwe amawonetsa mtundu wa dothi lachipululu, pomwe dothi la solonchak limapanga m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Palibe miyala ikuluikulu ndi miyala ku Arctic, koma miyala yaing'ono yosalala, mchenga komanso, zodziwikiratu zozungulira za sandstone ndi silicon, makamaka spherulites, zimapezeka pano.

Zomera za m'chipululu cha Arctic

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa Arctic ndi tundra ndikuti mu tundra pali kuthekera kwa kukhalapo kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kudya mphatso zake, ndipo m'chipululu cha Arctic ndizosatheka kuchita izi. Ndicho chifukwa chake palibe anthu amtundu wa zilumba za Arctic komanso kwambiri oimira ochepa a zomera ndi zinyama.

Dera la chipululu cha Arctic liribe zitsamba ndi mitengo, pali malo okhawo omwe ali otalikirana ndi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi ndere ndi miyala yamwala, komanso algae osiyanasiyana amiyala. Zilumba zazing'ono za zomerazi zimafanana ndi malo otsetsereka pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi madzi oundana. Oimira okhawo a zomera za herbaceous ndi sedge ndi udzu, ndipo zomera zamaluwa ndi saxifrage, poppy poppy, alpine foxtail, ranunculus, mbewu, bluegrass ndi arctic pike.

Zinyama Zam'tchire Zam'chipululu cha Arctic

Nyama zapadziko lapansi za kuchigawo chakumpoto ndizosauka chifukwa cha zomera zochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi oimira okhawo a dziko la nyama zam'chipululu ndi mbalame ndi zinyama zina.

Mbalame zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:

• masamba a tundra;
• akhwangwala;
• kadzidzi woyera;
• nsomba zam'madzi;
• arks;
• gags;
• masamba akufa;
• oyeretsa;
• burgmasters;
• masitepe;
• obwereza

Kuwonjezera pa kukhala kosatha kumlengalenga wa Arctic, mbalame zosamukasamuka zimawonekeranso kuno. Tsiku likafika kumpoto, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera, mbalame zochokera ku taiga, tundra ndi continental latitudes zimafika ku Arctic, choncho atsekwe akuda, atsekwe oyera, atsekwe oyera, mapiko a bulauni, kafadala. Mbalame zam'mwamba ndi dunlin nthawi ndi nthawi zimawonekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic Ocean. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, mitundu ya mbalame yomwe ili pamwambayi imabwerera kumadera otentha kwambiri a kum’mwera.

Pakati pa zinyama, munthu akhoza kusiyanitsa oyimilira awa:

• mphalapala;
• lemmings;
• Zimbalangondo zoyera;
• Akalulu
• zisindikizo;
• walruss;
• mimbulu ya arctic;
• Nkhandwe za Arctic;
• ng'ombe za musk;
• anthu oyera;
• narwhals.

Zimbalangondo za polar kwa nthawi yayitali zimawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha Arctic, zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wam'madzi, ngakhale kuti anthu osiyanasiyana komanso ambiri okhala m'chipululu chovuta kwambiri ndi mbalame zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwamiyala yozizira m'chilimwe, potero zimapanga "magulu a mbalame".

Kusintha kwa nyama ku nyengo ya arctic

Zinyama zonse pamwambapa kukakamizidwa kuzolowera kukhala ndi moyo m'mikhalidwe yovuta chotere, kotero amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera osinthika. Zoonadi, vuto lalikulu la dera la Arctic ndi kuthekera kosunga ulamuliro wotentha. Kuti zipulumuke m’malo ovuta chonchi, ndi ntchito imeneyi imene nyama ziyenera kupirira bwinobwino. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe za kumtunda ndi zimbalangondo za polar zimapulumutsidwa ku chisanu chifukwa cha ubweya wofunda ndi wandiweyani, nthenga zotayirira zimathandiza mbalame, ndipo pazisindikizo, mafuta awo amapulumutsa.

Kupulumutsidwa kwina kwa nyama zakutchire ku nyengo yoyipa ya Arctic ndi chifukwa cha mtundu womwe umapezeka nthawi yomweyo ikayamba nyengo yachisanu. Komabe, si onse oimira zinyama, malingana ndi nyengo, amatha kusintha mtundu wawo mwachibadwa, mwachitsanzo, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhalabe eni ake a ubweya woyera mu nyengo zonse. Mitundu yachilengedwe ya adani imakhalanso ndi ubwino - imawathandiza kusaka bwino ndikudyetsa banja lonse.

Anthu ochititsa chidwi a m'mphepete mwa madzi oundana a Arctic

1. Mkazi wodabwitsa kwambiri wakuya kwa madzi oundana - narwhale, nsomba yaikulu yolemera tani imodzi ndi theka, yotalika mamita asanu. Mbali yapadera ya nyamayi imatengedwa kuti ndi nyanga yayitali yotuluka pakamwa, yomwe kwenikweni ndi dzino, koma simagwira ntchito zake.
2. Nyama ina yachilendo ya ku Arctic ndiyotchedwa beluga (polar dolphin), yomwe imakhala pansi pa nyanja ndipo imadya nsomba zokha.
3. Zowopsa kwambiri za nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi chinsomba chakupha, chomwe chimadya osati anthu ang'onoang'ono okhala m'madzi akumpoto ndi magombe, komanso anamgumi a beluga.
4. Zina mwa nyama zodziwika bwino za m'chipululu cha Arctic ndi zisindikizo, kuimira anthu osiyana okhala ndi timagulu tating'ono tambirimbiri. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha zisindikizo ndi zipsepse, zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyama zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama ziziyenda mozungulira malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa popanda zovuta.
5. Walrus, wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa zisindikizo, ali ndi mano akuthwa, chifukwa chake amadula mosavuta mu ayezi ndikuchotsa chakudya kuchokera pansi pa nyanja ndi pamtunda. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti walrus samadya nyama zazing'ono zokha, komanso zisindikizo.