Mphuno yothamanga mu amphaka - momwe ndi momwe mungachitire ndi snot?

Kodi amphaka amatuluka mphuno

Mwachidule, inde, mphuno ya mphaka ndi yotheka. Nthawi zambiri, ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha kutupa chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti - rhinitis. Nthawi zina, mphuno yothamanga imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi thupi lachilendo, neoplasm, komanso vuto la mano.

Mphuno yothamanga imatha kukhala yovuta komanso yosatha, imatha kuchitika ngati vuto lodziyimira pawokha kapena kukhala chimodzi mwamawonetseredwe a matendawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chimfine

Matenda opatsirana

Chimodzi mwazofala komanso zomwe zimayambitsa mphuno yamphaka ndi matenda. Mu malo oyamba, inu mukhoza kuika nsungu HIV amphaka. Zimayambitsa kutupa kwa chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti ndi conjunctivitis. Kuonjezera apo, kachilombo ka nsungu kamakhalabe mu mphaka kwa moyo wonse ndipo akhoza kutsegulidwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za moyo wake.

Matenda ena opatsirana omwe angayambitse mphuno yamphaka ndi calicivirus. Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa makamaka zimakhudza mucous nembanemba mkamwa, koma nthawi zina kumabweretsa zilonda pamphuno ndi rhinitis.

Tizilombo matenda kungayambitse aakulu rhinitis chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mucous nembanemba wa m`mphuno ndime.

Komanso, rhinitis mu mphaka akhoza chifukwa cha matenda bakiteriya, nthawi zambiri yachiwiri, motsutsana maziko a tizilombo matenda.

Nthawi zambiri amphaka amatha kukhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, monga cryptococcosis.

Oronasal fistula

Matenda a mano (tartar, periodontitis, kuvulala kwa mano) angayambitse kutupa m'dera la mizu ya mano: abscesses, cysts. Pankhani ya mano a maxillary, izi zingayambitse kulankhulana kwachilendo pakati pa pakamwa pakamwa ndi mphuno - oronasal fistula. Choncho, mavuto a mano angayambitsenso mphuno yamphongo.

Neoplasms

Ziphuphu za m'mphuno ndi chifukwa china chomwe mphaka angakhale ndi mphuno yotuluka m'mphuno. Mu nyama zazing'ono, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala za nasopharyngeal polyps - mapangidwe abwino omwe amakhala ndi lumen ya nasopharynx, canal audio ndi chubu cha Eustachian chomwe chimawagwirizanitsa.

Ma neoplasms owopsa amapezeka kwambiri pazaka zapakati ndi nyama zokalamba.

Thupi lachilendo

Amphaka, thupi lachilendo m'mwamba kupuma thirakiti ndi vuto losowa kwambiri, koma, komabe, ndilotheka. Chifukwa ndime zam'mphuno za mphaka zimakhala zopapatiza, matupi akunja omwe amakhala mu lumen yawo adzakhala ochepa. Izi zitha kukhala zidutswa za chakudya, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ubweya, etc.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Fumbi, utsi wa fodya, mpweya, zodzaza fumbi kapena zonunkhiritsa, zonunkhiritsa, zonunkhiritsa, ndi zomera zamaluwa zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa rhinitis kwa amphaka. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadutsa mwamsanga pambuyo pochotsa chinthu chokhumudwitsa.

zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za mphuno yothamanga ndi kutsekemera ndi kutuluka kwa m'mphuno kwa chikhalidwe chosiyana: kuchokera kumadzi ndi madzi mpaka ku purulent ndi kusakaniza kwa magazi.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha rhinitis mu mphaka ndikusowa njala. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa fungo la fungo motsutsana ndi maziko a kutupa kwa mucosa ya m'mphuno, ndi amphaka, fungo la chakudya ndilofunika kwambiri.

Kusokonekera kwa mphuno mu mphaka nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kupuma momveka bwino ndi kupuma, kutsekemera, kutsekemera m'maloto.

Ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe a mphuno, nyamayo imatha kupuma ndi pakamwa lotseguka, kupuma movutikira. Komanso, neoplasm imatha kuyambitsa asymmetry ya muzzle chifukwa cha kukula kwa ma pathological misa mkati ndi kuzungulira ndime za mphuno.

Pulopu ya nasopharyngeal nthawi zambiri imamera mkatikati mwa khutu lapakati, ndiyeno chizindikiro chowonjezera chikhoza kukhala matenda a Horner's syndrome, zizindikiro (zosiyana za kukula kwa mwana, zikope zolerera, kuphulika kwa chikope chachitatu) zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha.

Thupi lachilendo pamtunda wa kupuma limadziwika ndi kutsekemera, kosalekeza kapena kosalekeza, ndi kutuluka kwa m'mphuno, nthawi zambiri unilateral.

Ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatsogolera ku rhinitis, padzakhala zizindikiro zina: malungo, conjunctivitis, salivation ndi zilonda pa lilime (ndi calicivirus), hoarseness, chifuwa.

Diagnostics

Ngati matenda opatsirana a rhinitis mu mphaka akukayikira, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha nsungu kapena calicivirus, maphunziro apadera amachitika: mayesero ofulumira kapena PCR, omwe amathandiza kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kudalirika kwa maphunziro otere kumakhala kochepa, choncho zotsatira zawo ziyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe cha nyama ndi zizindikiro za matenda a matendawa.

Mu bakiteriya rhinitis, kuphunzira zakuthupi kuchokera m'mitsempha ya m'mphuno sikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira, chifukwa Nthawi zambiri, mabakiteriya ambiri amakhala m'mphuno, kuphatikizapo mwayi umene ungayambitse matenda pansi pa zinthu zabwino kwa iwo.

Kupatula matenda osowa ngati cryptococcosis, kukwapula kwa mphuno kumafesedwa kapena kufufuzidwa ndi PCR.

Ngati akukayikira polyp ya nasopharyngeal, thupi lachilendo, chotupa cha m'mphuno kapena oronasal fistula, njira zodziwira matenda monga X-ray, computed tomography, MRI, rhinoscopy ndizofunikira.

Pambuyo pochotsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ma neoplasms onse pogwiritsa ntchito histology - ma microscope a magawo opangidwa mwapadera a minofu kuti awone matenda awo.

Kodi ndimotani momwe mungachitire ndi mphuno yothamanga mu amphaka?

Chithandizo cha snot mu mphaka kungakhale kosiyanasiyana.

Ndi kachilombo ka herpes, mankhwala opha tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala a Famciclovir. Sizidzapulumutsa mphaka kunyamula kachilomboka, koma imayimitsa mawonekedwe ake.

Ndi feline calicivirosis, chithandizo chazizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kupweteka, kuchepetsa kutentha, kudyetsa ndi chakudya chofunda chomwe chimakopa mphaka.

Ngati zomwe zimayambitsa chimfine ndi mabakiteriya, kapena mabakiteriya amasokoneza njira ya ma virus, maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala osankhidwa ndi Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ndi Doxycycline.

Mankhwala oletsa kutupa, monga Meloxicam, Metamizole, Robenacoxib, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda aakulu a rhinitis, rhinitis aakulu, kutentha thupi pofuna kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha nyama.

Chithandizo cha nasopharyngeal polyp, neoplasms - opaleshoni ndi kuchotsa mapangidwe.

Mu ma neoplasms oyipa, chemotherapy, radiation therapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Oronasal fistula imafuna njira yophatikizira, yomwe imaphatikizapo osati kuchotsa chilema, komanso kuchiza matenda a mano.

Thupi lachilendo amachotsedwa endoscopically kapena mwapadera kutsuka m`mphuno ndi mipukutu yambiri ya njira mu chipatala pansi opaleshoni ambiri.

Ngati pali kukayikira kuti mphaka akukumana ndi zinthu zokhumudwitsa zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuthetsedwa posachedwa: kutulutsa mpweya m'chipindamo, kuyeretsa bwino, kupeŵa kupopera mankhwala aerosol, ndi kusuta fodya. Monga lamulo, izi ndi zokwanira kuti mawonetseredwe onse a kuzizira kwa mphaka adutse.

Kodi muzimutsuka mphuno ya mphaka?

Mosasamala chomwe chimayambitsa mphuno, chimodzi mwa zigawo za mankhwala zingakhale kutsuka mphuno. Cholinga chake ndi kuyeretsa ndi kunyowetsa ndime za m'mphuno. Ndondomekoyi ikhoza kuchitidwa kunyumba nokha.

1. Pakutsuka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito saline solution: 0,9% sodium chloride (saline) kapena mankhwala ena amchere opangidwa kale kuchokera ku pharmacy.

2. Ndikoyenera kuchita njirayi ndi syringe yaying'ono yopanda singano yokhala ndi voliyumu ya 1 kapena 2 ml.

3. Kwa ndondomekoyi, mphaka amakutidwa ndi thaulo kapena bulangeti laling'ono, mutu wokha umasiyidwa kunja.

4. Nyama imayikidwa pambali pake kapena pamimba pake. Ngati ili yaukali, mudzafunika wothandizira kuti agwire mphaka. Mu nyama zolusa kwambiri, kutsuka mphuno sikungakhale njira yoyenera.

5. Ngati ndime za m'mphuno zaphimbidwa ndi zowuma zouma, zimayikidwa kale ndi saline ndikuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi chopukutira.

6. Ndi dzanja limodzi, mutu wa mphaka umagwedezeka kuchokera pamwamba, ndi wina, pang'onopang'ono yankho limalowetsedwa mofatsa komanso mwamsanga mumphuno iliyonse.

7. Mukathira yankho, ndikofunikira kutsitsa mlomo wa mphaka pansi, kotero kuti pasakhale chiwopsezo chofuna kupuma - kulowa munjira yopuma.

8. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika 2-3 pa tsiku kapena kupitilira apo ngati kuli kofunikira.

Momwe mungagwetse madontho?

Amphaka ali ndi tinjira tating'ono ndi topapatiza ta m'mphuno, ndipo ndizovuta kubaya njira yamankhwala mwa iwo. Madontho a antibacterial amangogwira ntchito mwachindunji m'mphuno momwemo ndipo sagwira ntchito.

Mankhwala a Vasoconstrictor, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu kuti athetse kutupa, ndi osavuta kuti mphaka azitha kumwa mopitirira muyeso, amawumitsa mucosa yotentha yamphuno. Ndipo zinthuzi sizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi nyama.

Mchere ukhoza kudonthetsedwa mumphuno ya mphaka. Pachifukwa ichi, voliyumu yawo idzakhala yocheperapo kuposa pamene akutsuka, koma amathandizanso kufewetsa ndi kupatulira kutuluka kwa mphuno ndikunyowetsa mucosa wamphuno.

Momwe mungayikitsire madontho pamphuno ya mphaka:

1. Mphaka uyenera kuikidwa pamtunda wokhazikika pamapazi onse, ngati nyamayo ndi yaukali, ndi bwino kuikulunga mu thaulo, ndikusiya mutu wokha kunja.

2. Kuti mupange madontho, mungagwiritse ntchito syringe popanda singano ndi voliyumu ya 1 ml kapena pipettes.

3. Ndi dzanja limodzi, mutu wa paka umagwedezeka ndikukhazikika kuchokera pamwamba, ndi dzanja lina, chiwerengero chofunikira cha madontho chimalowetsedwa mosamala mumphuno iliyonse. Mukayika njira za saline, madontho 2-4 angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa sitiroko iliyonse.

4. Ndi bwino kukweza mphaka wa mphaka mmwamba, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa yankho ndi kochepa kwambiri ndipo nkofunika kuti alowe mu ndime ya mphuno.

5. Ngati ndime za m'mphuno zaphimbidwa ndi zowuma zouma, zimayikidwa kale ndi saline ndikuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi chopukutira.

6. Mankhwala a mchere angagwiritsidwe ntchito 4-5 pa tsiku.

Mwana wa mphaka

Mu zinyama zazing'ono, matenda ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mphuno ikhale yothamanga. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kachilombo ka herpes kamakhala ndi malo otsogolera chifukwa cha kutupa chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti ndi maso.

Ana amphaka amatha kukhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a ma virus ndi mabakiteriya. Mphuno mwa mwana wa mphaka nthawi zina umasanduka chibayo, ndiyeno, ngati sichinachiritsidwe, chibayo. Choncho, mankhwala a rhinitis mu mphaka ayenera mabuku ndi yake.

Prevention

Poganizira kuti matenda ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chimfine, katemera wa matenda a virus ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popewa.

Malo otetezeka ndi ofunikiranso: muyenera kupewa utsi wa fodya m'chipinda chomwe mphaka amakhala, musagule zodzaza fumbi komanso zokometsera, osagwiritsa ntchito ma aerosols ndi mankhwala apanyumba okhala ndi fungo loyipa.

Kuteteza mano amphaka ndikofunikira - kuyeretsa nthawi zonse, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchiza mano.

Mbali ina ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake cha matenda onse opuma komanso kuyezetsa kodziletsa kochitidwa ndi katswiri wazowona zanyama zakale 1-2 pachaka.

Snot mu amphaka ndiye chinthu chachikulu

1. Mphuno yothamanga ndi vuto lofala. Zomwe zimayambitsa snot mu mphaka zidzakhala: matenda, mapangidwe a mphuno, mavuto a mano, matupi achilendo, chifuwa.

2. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi matenda opatsirana: kachilombo ka herpes, feline calicivirus, mabakiteriya (chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc.)

3. More osowa zimayambitsa snot mu mphaka: mapangidwe (polyps, zotupa), mano matenda chapamwamba nsagwada, matupi achilendo, zokwiyitsa chilengedwe zinthu.

4. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za mphuno yothamanga: mphuno yothamanga ya chikhalidwe chosiyana, kutsekemera, kusowa kwa njala, kuvutika kupuma m'mphuno ndi kupuma, kutsekemera, kutsegula pakamwa.

5. Ndi matenda, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zidzakhala: kuchepa kwa ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi, salivation, conjunctivitis.

6. Kuzindikira kwa rhinitis kungaphatikizepo kufufuza kwa matenda opatsirana, X-ray, rhinoscopy, computed tomography, MRI.

7. Chithandizo cha mphuno yamphongo mu mphaka chimadalira chifukwa chake ndipo chikhoza kukhala chosiyana kwambiri - kuchokera kuchapa mphuno yosavuta kupita ku opaleshoni yovuta.

8. Kupewa rhinitis ndi katemera, chisamaliro cha mano, malo otetezeka, chithandizo chanthawi yake cha matenda a mano ndi kupuma.

Mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri

Sources:

1. Yosinthidwa ndi Gary D. Norsworthy. Wodwala wamphongo, kope lachisanu, (Wodwala wamphaka, kope lachisanu), 2018

2. Chandler EA, Gaskell RM, Gaskell KJ Matenda a amphaka, 2011

3. Listova OV, Matenda a m'mphuno. Zizindikiro, matenda, milandu yachipatala, // Magazini ya sayansi ndi yothandiza "Veterinary Petersburg", No. 1-2017.

4. Etienne Thiri. Feline Herpesvirus matenda // Resource www.abcdcatsvets.org, 2017 // http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/feline-herpesvirus/