Chigoba ndi mawonekedwe a makoswe, kapangidwe ka mkati ndi kachitidwe ka ziwalo

Kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza thupi la makoswe nthawi zambiri ndi udindo wa akatswiri a zinyama ndi veterinarian. Komabe, ndizothandizanso kuti eni ake adziwe momwe makoswe alili. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa chisamaliro, zakudya ndi matenda omwe angakhalepo. Komanso, kumvetsetsa bwino momwe chiwetocho chimamangidwira chimatsimikizira kuyankha mwamsanga zizindikiro za ululu ndi zowawa.

Mapangidwe akunja a makoswe

Pakuwunika kwapadera kwapadera, tsitsi lalikulu limatha kudziwika pathupi lonse. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa. Ntchito zazikulu za ubweya:

• kusungunula kutentha;
• kutenga nawo mbali polumikizana;
• kuteteza khungu ku kuwonongeka.

Thupi la nyama limapangidwa ndi:

• mitu;
• khosi;
• chifuwa;
• mchira

Mutu wa nyama ndi waukulu poyerekeza ndi thupi. Mlomo umaloza, gawo lakumbuyo liri pafupi ndi khosi lalifupi. Chigaza cha khoswe chili ndi magawo atatu:

• parietal;
• zanthawi;
• occipital.

Mphuno imagawidwa mu:

• zitsulo zamaso;
• mphuno;
• kamwa.

Pamapeto pa muzzle ndi vibrissae - bristles opangidwa kuti azigwira. Makoswe amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa nictitating nembanemba ndi kuwala kofiira kwa maso.

Akatswiri amagawa thupi la makoswe m'magawo atatu:

• dorsal-thoracic;
• lumbar-m'mimba;
• sacro-gluteal.

Miyendo ya nyamayi ili ndi zala zisanu. Pamapazi ndi akulu kuposa m'manja. Miyendo ndi kanjedza zimadziwika ndi kusowa kwa tsitsi.

Mchira wa makoswe ndi wandiweyani, womwe umawerengera 85% ya kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Yaikazi ili ndi mchira wautali. Pamwamba pake pali mphete za mamba ndi mafuta achikasu. M'malo mwa ubweya, pali bristles.

Zinyama zazikazi zimakhala ndi nsonga 6 za nsonga zamabele, ziwiri zili m’khwapa, imodzi pachifuwa ndi itatu pamimba. Kunja kwa nthawi ya bere, amabisika ndi tsitsi lakuda. Kugonana kwa makoswe kumatsimikiziridwa poyang'ana kumbuyo: mwa akazi, rump ili ndi mawonekedwe a katatu, ndipo mwa amuna amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a silinda.

Amuna okhwima pakugonana amatha kulemera mpaka 400 g. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri.

Mafupa a makoswe

Chigoba cha nyama chimakhala ndi mafupa ndi cartilaginous, ndipo chimaphatikizapo mafupa a 264 a maonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Cranium ili ndi mawonekedwe otalika. Pali zigawo zingapo za msana:

• pachibelekero;
• chifuwa;
• sakral.

Mbali ya vertebral mu mafupa a makoswe imadziwika ndi ma discs oposa 2.

Ngakhale kuti mafupa a rodent amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi chigoba chaumunthu, asayansi ambiri amatsutsa kuti potambasula msana, kope lochepetsedwa la munthu lidzapezeka, mpaka kufanana komwe kuli mafupa.

Malo a ziwalo zamkati

Ma atlasi a anatomical amadziwitsanso momwe dongosolo lonse la ziwalo zamkati za makoswe zimawonekera.

Chidziwitsochi chikhoza kupezeka mwachiwonekere ngati autopsy ya makoswe ikuchitika. Pambuyo poyambitsa ndondomekoyi, diaphragm imatsegula poyamba, yomwe imalekanitsa madera a thoracic ndi m'mimba.

Pansi pa diaphragm pali chiwindi cha makoswe. Ndilofiira kwambiri ndipo limakwirira pang'ono mimba yooneka ngati peyala.

Pansipa, kuchuluka kwa matumbo am'mimba kumatseguka. Imakutidwa ndi omentum - chiwalo cha kudzikundikira kwa mafuta a nyama.

Makhalidwe a mtundu uwu wa makoswe ndikusowa kwa ndulu. Bile amaperekedwa kudzera munjira yochokera kuchiwindi kupita ku duodenum.

Koma makoswe ali ndi ndulu yaitali, yomwe ili kumanzere kwa mimba. Ngati matumbo achotsedwa m'mimba, ndiye kuti impso zooneka ngati nyemba zimapezeka pansi. Iwo ali asymmetrically - kumanzere kumazama pansi pa kupanikizika kwa m'mimba. Mitsempha imatsogolera ku chikhodzodzo chomwe chili m'munsi pamimba. Machende aamuna ndi ziwalo zoberekera zovuta za makoswe aakazi ziliponso kumeneko.

Mitsempha yamagazi imayimiridwa momveka bwino ndi otsika mtsempha wamagazi chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa magazi mu mtima kuchokera ku ziwalo za peritoneum. Imapezanso msempha, womwe ndi wofunikira kuti magazi athunthu azitha kumanja.

Poyang'ana pachifuwa, mapapo apinki ndi mtima wokhala ndi ziwiya zazikulu amawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Mapapo amapachikidwa momasuka pa bronchi, ndipo samamangirizidwa pachifuwa. Kuzama ndi kummero, komwe kumalumikiza pharynx ndi m'mimba.

Pophunzira momwe makoswe amapangidwira, ndikofunikira kukumbukira chiwalo ngati ubongo. Mofanana ndi nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa, ili ndi madipatimenti angapo omwe amagwira ntchito zamaganizo. Akatswiri amagawaniza ubongo wa makoswe mu magawo 4, omwe ali ndi dongosolo lovuta.

Zosangalatsa zochokera ku physiology

Madokotala a zanyama ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, pophunzira momwe makoswe amapangidwira komanso momwe thupi limakhalira, adawona mfundo zingapo zosangalatsa:

• maphunziro ambiri a labotale pa makoswe akufotokozedwa ndi kufanana kwa thupi la makoswe ndi anthu;
• nyama alibe tonsils ndi zala zazikulu;
• amuna ndi minofu mapangidwe mammary glands, koma palibe nsonga zamabele ngakhale pa ukhanda wawo;
• akazi ali ndi mbolo vestigial kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokodza;
• mu makoswe, kumanja ndi kumanzere mapapu ali ndi dongosolo losiyana. Koyamba pali magawo 4, ndipo chachiwiri - chimodzi chokha;
• makoswe amakhala ndi appendix, yomwe nthawi zina imasokonezedwa ndi chotupa chamkati chamkati;
• mosiyana ndi anthu ndi amphaka, makoswe achialubino savutika ndi vuto lakumva;
• akupanga kukhudzana amapereka makoswe kusapeza, koma iwo akhoza bwino kupirira izo;
• makoswe alibe milomo pakamwa pawo. M'malo mwake, mpata wopindika umapangidwa pamwamba pa nsagwada zapansi;
• mwamuna amatha masekondi 2 pa ubwamuna, kotero kusunga amuna osiyana mu khola limodzi zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa ana.

Zofunika! Kupweteka kwa makoswe ndikokwera kwambiri, nyama imapereka chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa ululu pokhapokha ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kuzindikiridwa mochedwa pafupipafupi kwa ma pathologies akulu, kotero eni nyama sayenera kunyalanyaza mayeso odzitetezera a ziweto zawo.