Sharki 10 owopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi

Nsomba zolusa zotere ngati shaki nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mafilimu owopsa - zonse chifukwa pali nthano zambiri za nsombazi. Tonse tikudziwa kuti shaki imaukira anthu, koma izi sizowona kwenikweni ... Chowonadi ndi chakuti shaki sichisiyanitsa yemwe ali patsogolo pake: munthu, nsomba kapena chisindikizo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti amakonda nyama ya chisindikizo kwambiri kuposa anthu, kotero shaki imangokhala pongoyang'ana munthu, ndiye kuti amamvetsetsa yemwe ali patsogolo pake ndikutaya chidwi chonse. Koma sitikunena za shaki zonse - zina mwazo ndizowopsa kwambiri.

Kodi mumadziwakuti shaki idawoneka zaka pafupifupi 450 miliyoni zapitazo? Zamoyo zambiri zasowa, koma shaki zatsala. Mwa njira, zilombo zakale kwambiri sizinasinthe kwambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu 350 ya shaki imakhala m'madzi a World Ocean, ndipo onse ndi osiyana.

M'nkhaniyi, tidzakuuzani za shaki khumi zomwe zimawopa kwambiri - tikukhulupirira kuti muli ndi nthawi yabwino yowerenga.

10 Nsomba Shark

Kuchokera pa dzinali mutha kumvetsetsa kale chifukwa chake shaki idatchulidwira. Chosiyanitsa chake ndi mutu wosamveka bwino wopanda ngodya zakuthwa. Nsomba yotchedwa blunt-nosed shark (aka "bull shark") imakhala m'nyanja ya Atlantic, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Australia, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Indochina, komanso ku South ndi North America. Sharki amakumana osati pakamwa pa mitsinje, komanso kumtunda. Amaukira ziweto zoyendetsedwa ndi abusa kuti azimwetsa madzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito siginecha yake kumutu kuti amugwetse. Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala ozunzidwa. Atagwira nyamayo, nsombazi zimakankha ndi kuziluma mpaka zitalephera kuthawa.

Chosangalatsa: mu 1916 panali kuphana kwakukulu. Anthu opita kutchuthi ku gombe la New Jersey anaphedwa. Amakhulupirira kuti pankhaniyi pali shaki ya ng'ombe. Nkhaniyi idalimbikitsa Peter Benchley kulemba Jaws.

9. Goblin shark

Maonekedwe ake, kunena mofatsa, ndi owopsa ... Inde, ndipo goblin shark (mwa kuyankhula kwina, "nsomba za m'nyanja yakuya", "brownie") akadali osaphunzira bwino. Goblins ali ndi mphuno yooneka ngati mphonje. Mwamsanga chakudya chamadzulo chikaonekera panjira ya shaki yanjala, nsagwada zamphamvu zimatuluka pamphuno yake yosalala. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, shark wamng'ono wa goblin anagwidwa mu 1898, adatchedwa Mitsukurina owstoni polemekeza Kakechi Mitsukuri - pulofesa yemwe adagwira, ndi Alan Ouston - ndiye amene anayamba kuphunzira.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha shaki zachilendo chimakhala ku Japan. Popeza sipanakhalepo misonkhano pakati pa osambira ndi osambira ndi shaki, n'zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ngozi yake kwa anthu, koma, ndithudi, munthu ayenera kukhala tcheru nthawi zonse.

Chosangalatsa: goblin shark adalembedwa mu Red Book ngati mitundu yosowa komanso yosaphunziridwa bwino. Nsagwada za Shark zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi osonkhanitsa - ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri kwa iwo.

8. hammerhead shark

Sharki wina wosangalatsa. Maonekedwe ake owoneka bwino ndi odabwitsa, koma amalumikizana ndi mantha ... Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, shaki ya hammerhead ndi yayikulu kukula: kutalika kwake kumapitilira 4 m, koma izi si malire. Anthu ena ndi 7 kapena 8 m kutalika. Zimakhulupirira kuti kumenyana ndi shaki ya hammerhead sikuyenera kugonjetsedwa pasadakhale - kumapambana nthawi zonse. Akatswiri a zamoyo apeza kuti mutu wake wooneka ngati nyundo unabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Mtundu uwu sungathe kuwona ngati shaki zina, koma zimawona dziko kudzera m'masomphenya awo ozungulira.

Ngati shaki ya hammerhead inapita kukasaka, muyenera kukhala osawonekera. Kodi shaki iyi ndi yowopsa kwa anthu? Zosadziwika. Ku India, Thailand, mwachitsanzo, nsombazi zimakonda kwambiri nsomba - nyama ya shark imadyedwa bwino.

7. Shaki yokazinga

Cholengedwa choopsa komanso chapadera chimenechi chimatengedwa kuti ndi mfumu ya pansi pa madzi akuya. Sharki wokazinga (wotchedwanso "gaffered") ndi mbadwa ya njoka ya m'nyanja yodziwika bwino kwa zaka 95 miliyoni, zomwe ndi zodabwitsa, sizinasinthe nkomwe. Sharki imeneyi ndi chinthu chotsalira chifukwa sichinasinthe kwa zaka zambiri.

Ayenera kuti anapezerapo mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino chifukwa cha moyo wake wapanyanja yakuya. Pa kuya kwa 600 m, ali ndi adani ochepa. Mwina mukudabwa kuti n’chifukwa chiyani ankatchedwa choncho? Ndi zophweka - ingoyang'anani maonekedwe ake. Chotulukapo chake chosazolowereka chimakhala choderapo ndipo chimawoneka ngati chovala. Sharki ali ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yomeza munthu amene waphedwayo.

Sharki wokazinga ali pa IUCN Red List ndipo ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha.

6. bigmouth shark

Nsomba yaikulu ya shark, ngakhale kuti sikuwoneka yokongola kwambiri ndipo imayambitsa mantha ndi kukula kwake - (imalemera pafupifupi matani 1,5 ndi kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi mamita 6), koma cholengedwacho sichivulaza. Kupezeka kochititsa chidwi kwa zamoyozi kunachitika posachedwa - mu 1976 ndipo mwangozi. Chaka chimenecho, sitima yapamadzi yaku US Navy idachita kafukufuku kuzilumba za Hawaii. Nangula woyandama anatsitsidwa m’madzi kuchokera m’mbali mwa ngalawa ya ku America, ndipo itaikweza m’mbuyo, m’madzimo munapezeka nsomba yachilendo.

Nsomba zamtundu uwu zimatengedwa kuti ndizosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malo awo amakhala osawerengeka pang'ono, koma shaki zinapezeka m'nyanja za Indian, Pacific, ndi Atlantic. Mofanana ndi shaki yokazinga, shaki wamouthmouth shark ndi nyama ya m’nyanja yakuya.

5. adawona shark

Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu 9 yomwe imapanga dongosolo la "sawtooth". Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri cha gululi ndi mphuno yayitali yosalala, yophimbidwa mbali zonse ndi mano akuluakulu. Chinthu chinanso ndi kukhalapo kwa tinyanga zomwe zili pakati pamphuno. Nthawi zambiri ma sharks amasokonezedwa ndi ma shark, koma pali kusiyana pakati pawo. Mu macheka, ma gill slits amakhala mbali ya thupi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mu macheka stingray, pa ventral mbali ya thupi.

Mu shark shark, zipsepse za pachifuwa ndizosiyana ndi thupi, pomwe mu kuwala ndi kupitiriza kwa thupi. Macheka shark sakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake, ndithudi, ndi owopsa. Koma mukakumana naye, musaiwale za mano ake akuthwa - amatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'madzi otentha, otentha. Kwenikweni, shaki zimakhala zozama kwambiri - zosaposa 40-50 m, koma anthu ena adakumana ndi kuya kwa 1 km.

4. cigar shark

Zolengedwa zina zapadziko lathu lapansi zimadabwa ndi maonekedwe awo! Nsomba shaki (yomwe amadziwika kuti "Brazilian luminous") imawoneka yokongola kwambiri ndipo ikuwoneka kuti siingathe kuvulaza, koma ikamawonedwa ndi yowopsa ... Nyama yolusa imakhala m'madzi otentha a m'nyanja. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono (shaki amangofika masentimita 52 m'litali), nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri kukula kwake zimatha kuvutika nazo. Sharki amasaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, ndipo amatha kudziluma m'thupi la nsomba zazikulu ndi zoyamwitsa.

Ali ndi mano akuthwa moti ngakhale shaki yaikulu yoyera ilibe. Panali zochitika pamene adaukira anthu - mu 2009 adaluma Michael Spalding wosambira ku Hawaii, ndipo mu 2012 panali chochitika pamene ndudu shaki inadumpha m'ngalawa ya amalinyero. Mwamwayi, iwo anapulumuka mwa kukonza bwato.

3. nsombazi

Mwinamwake shaki wa mchenga (aka "namwino shark", "kambuku wamchenga") amawoneka owopsya, koma saika ngozi yaikulu kwa anthu. Mtundu uwu ndi wamtendere, shaki zimatha kusambira pafupi ndi anthu osawakhudza. Amakhala aukali kokha ngati anthu agwiriridwa ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda. Amathanso kusonyeza kuipidwa ngati azunguliridwa ndi osambira. Mchenga shaki amakhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'madera otentha ndi otentha pafupifupi dziko lonse (kupatula Pacific gombe la America).

Woimira dziko la pansi pa madzi ndi wamkulu - kutalika kwa shaki kumafika mamita 4, amasaka nyamayi, nsomba za bony ndi shaki zazing'ono. Amakhala m'madzi osaya m'dera lapakati, amayesa kukhala osaya - mpaka 2 m.

2. chimphona shark

Nsomba yaikulu (yotchedwa "gigantic"), yomwe imafika mamita 10 m'litali ndi kulemera kwa matani 4, si yoopsa kwa anthu, ngakhale ikuwoneka yowopsya kwambiri. Amafananizidwa ndi anamgumi chifukwa chakudya cha shaki ndi zamoyo za planktonic. Shaki yaikulu imakonda kusambira pafupi ndi pamwamba ndikutulutsa zipsepse zake m’madzi. Kwa mbali iyi, a British adatcha "basking", kutanthauza "kuwotcha", kutanthauza padzuwa.

Amagawidwa m'madzi otentha a Pacific, amapezeka mozama mpaka 1264 m. Chofunika kwambiri chosiyanitsa kunja kwa shark yaikulu ndi ma gill slits - ndi aakulu kwambiri moti amafanana ndi kolala yomwe imadutsa mutu wa nsomba kuchokera kumbuyo mpaka ku mmero. Mukayang'ana mkamwa mwa shaki, mutha kuwona mabowo oyimirira - pali 5 mbali iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi maso ang'onoang'ono.

1. nsomba ya mackerel

Mako shark (komanso "blue dolphin", "mphezi shark", etc.) ndi chilombo choopsa. Amakhala mopanda mantha panyanja zazitali ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimamupangitsa iye, kuphatikiza ndi khalidwe lake laudani ndi chilakolako chosasinthika, choopsa kwa anthu. Mako ali ndi liwiro lalikulu, ndipo amatha kudumpha mpaka 6 m kutalika! Sharki imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amodzi ... Imatha kuukira munthu mwadzidzidzi m'ngalawa, kudumpha m'madzi, ndikupita naye pansi pamadzi ...

Tinganene kuti nsomba yotchedwa mako shark ili ndi zifukwa zobwezera anthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwira nsombazi ngati masewera. Kupambana kwa mdani wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu kumayamikiridwa kwambiri m'malo osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.