Zomera za aquarium zopanda ulemu: mayina awo ndi mafotokozedwe, mikhalidwe yomangidwa

Lingaliro lokongoletsa aquarium yanu ndi zomera zamoyo limayendera aquarist aliyense. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yambiri ya zomera zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha aquarium. Koma kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso malo owoneka bwino, muyenera kuwaphatikiza bwino wina ndi mzake, poganizira kuyanjana ndikuziyika moyenera pansi pamadzi a aquarium.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa a aquarium imapangitsa kuti zitheke kuzindikira zopanga zosiyanasiyana. Popanga dimba la pansi pa madzi, mawonekedwe onse a zomera, monga mawonekedwe, mtundu, kukula kwake, ndizofunikira. Intaneti ili ndi zithunzi zokongola, ndipo mutu ukuzungulira kuchokera ku malingaliro omwe akubwera, kotero ambiri amagwidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuchita zofanana mu aquarium yawo ndipo amathamangira kumsika. Kumeneko, novice aquarist amatsegula wolemera kusankha zomera, ndipo ogulitsa akukangana amapereka katundu wawo, kulangiza ndi kukopa. Chotsatira chake, wogula wokondwa amabwerera kunyumba ndi madzi okwanira.

Atayika mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa m'madzi ake, aquarist wa novice amasangalala ndi kukongola kopangidwa ndi manja ake kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri athunthu, kenako mavuto amayamba. Mu chomera chimodzi, masambawo adasungunuka, kwinakwake, zokutira zofiirira zidayamba kupanga, chachitatu, mizu imayamba kuvunda. Nditawerenga nkhaniyi, zinapezeka kuti wosadziwa aquarist anagula capricious zomerazomwe zimafuna kuunikira kowala, kupereka kwapadera kwa CO2 ndi zina. Watsopano sanakonzekere izi, kuwonjezera apo, theka la zomera zinakhala "zopanda madzi", ndiko kuti, zosayenera kwa moyo pansi pa madzi. (Umu ndi momwe ogulitsa ...)

Tsoka ilo, kuyesa kosatheka kokha kungabweretse kuzindikira kuti kukulitsa dimba m'madzi am'madzi sikophweka monga momwe amaganizira kale, ndipo zina zimafunikira kuti zikule bwino zomera zapansi pamadzi. Zabwino kwambiri kwa aquarists oyambira kuswana oyenera zomera "zosavuta" za aquariumamene safuna zinthu zapadera.

zomera zolimba za aquarium

Hornwort

• ndi wa banja la hornwort, amakonda maiwe okhala ndi madzi osasunthika kapena oyenda pang'onopang'ono;
• ali ndi tsinde lalitali komanso mawonekedwe a masamba opindika, tsambalo limakhala ndi palmately;
• mbewuyo ilibe mizu, kotero imatha kuloledwa "kusambira" mwaufulu, komanso kubzalidwa pagulu pansi pakati kapena kumbuyo;
• kuwala kumayambira 0,3-0,4 W / l;
• kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 16 mpaka 28 madigiri;
• Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi cuttings.

Hornwort imamera m'madera otentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Masamba amakhala obiriwira ngati singano, tsinde lake ndi lalitali lofiira. Kwa okonda aquarium chomera ndichotchuka, chifukwa ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo amakula mofulumira. Mofanana ndi chilengedwe, mu aquarium pali nyengo pakukula kwa hornwort. M'nyengo yozizira, kukula kwake kumachepa, kumamira pansi, kusunga mphukira ya apical yokha.

Aquarium iliyonse ndiyoyenera hornwort: kuzizira, kutentha kotentha kapena kotentha. Kutentha kwamadzi (madigiri 24-28) kumathandizira kuti mbewuyo ikule mwachangu. Amakonda madzi olimba osalowerera ndale kapena amchere pang'ono. Koma imalekereranso madzi ofewa ndi acidic reaction - momwemo imakula moyipa kwambiri. hornwort amafuna madzi kusintha pafupipafupi, popeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika pamasamba ndikuwononga mawonekedwe a mmera, pomwe imalekerera mawonekedwe a plaque pang'onopang'ono. Malo okhudzidwa ayenera kuzulidwa ndi kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi oyenda, kenako ndikuyikanso mu aquarium.

Ngakhale kuti mbewuyo ili ndi mtundu wakuda, imakhala yowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala pakuwunikira kwake. Zothandiza kwambiri zidzakhala kuwala kwachilengedwe. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa hornwort sikofunikira. Algae samamera masamba ake.

Kuunikira kopanga kuyenera kukhala kowala mokwanira. Za ichi nyali za incandescent zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mtundu wa luminescent LB wokhala ndi mphamvu zosachepera 0,3 W pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Chomera chomwe chili pansi pa kuwala kochita kupanga chimawoneka chotumbululuka poyerekeza ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe. Tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala lalitali, osachepera maola 12.

Hornwort safuna mineral supplements. Zimayenda bwino ndi zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku madzi abwino komanso zakudya za nsomba. Mizu yake sinakulitsidwe ndipo siyitenga gawo lalikulu pazakudya, chifukwa chake imatha kubzalidwa pamalo oyandama kapena kubzalidwa pansi.

Nthawi yophukira ikafika, kuunikira kukagwa, mbewuyo imachepetsa kukula kwake, ndikumira pansi. Ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli kokwera komanso kuyatsa kochita kusungika kosalekeza, hornwort imakula kwa nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi yopumira sikungapeweke. Imangokhala pamwamba pomwe kutentha kumatsika mpaka madigiri 12-14, m'chaka zimayambira zatsopano. Udzu zosavuta komanso zachangu kuswana kugawanika kwa tsinde. Kuti mupeze chomera chatsopano, ndikwanira kukhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka tsinde.

Hydrocotyl mutu woyera

Dzina lina ndi white-headed shieldwort. Ichi ndi chomera chachilengedwe kugawidwa kwambiri m'madzi osayenda komanso oyenda madera otentha ku South America. Amadziwika kuti ndi chomera choyambirira chokhala ndi tsinde lalitali komanso masamba obiriwira obiriwira mpaka 4 centimita m'mimba mwake. White-headed scutellum imatalika mpaka 50 centimita. Ndi chomera cholimba komanso chofulumira.

Hydrocotyl griffon amakonda aquarium yotentha. Zimatengera mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri zikabzalidwa kumbuyo kwa aquarium. Imakula pansi, imalowa m'madzi mwachangu, imayenda mozungulira, motero imapanga mthunzi kudziko lonse la pansi pamadzi la aquarium. Kuti mbewu zina zonse zilandire kuwala komwe kumafunikira, kapeti yomwe ikubwera iyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pennywort ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chomera choyandama osati mizu pansi, ndiye imakhala malo abwino othawirako mwachangu. Hydrocotyl imakula bwino m'madzi am'madzi amtundu uliwonse.

Hydrocotyl yamutu-woyera safuna zinthu zapadera kuti zisungidwe. Kutentha kwamadzi kwa 22-28 ° ndikwabwino. Hydrocotyl imayankha kutentha kochepa posiya kukula. Kuuma kwa madzi, komanso momwe pH imagwirira ntchito, sizikhudza mbewuyo. Imakula bwino m'malo amchere komanso acidic. Magawo abwino kwambiri a pH ndi 6-8. Pamafunika kusintha madzi nthawi zonse, mu akale, madzi osasunthika zomera akhoza kuwononga mwamsanga. Chikhalidwe cha nthaka ya white-headed shieldwort zilibe kanthu.

Kubereka kwa hydrocotyl kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, ndiye kuti chomera chachikulire chimatha kukula kuchokera pagawo laling'ono la tsinde ndi kapepala kamodzi.

Hygrophila polysperma (India)

• dzina lina Bolotnik;
• ndi wa banja la acanthus, wobadwira ku Southeast Asia;
• imamera m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda m'madambo ndi m'madzi;
• tsinde la madambo ndi lalitali, lolunjika, nthawi zina limakwawa. Masamba amatsutsana. Pinnate venation. Maluwa amapangidwa mu axils a masamba, omwe ali pamwamba pa madzi;
• wakula mu gulu mu nthaka yopatsa thanzi;
• kutentha kwa madzi kuchokera 24 mpaka 28 madigiri, sing'anga pH 6,5-7,5.

Woimira zomera nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nyenyezi ya ku India". Ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi aquarists, ali ndi tsinde lalitali ndi oval kuwala obiriwira masamba. Tsinde lake likhoza kukhala lalitali kwambiri. Hygrophila imawoneka bwino kumbuyo m'madzi am'madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kumeneko imamera mofanana chaka chonse.

Nyenyezi yaku India imasungidwa m'madzi otentha, kutentha ndi madigiri 24-28. Ngati kutentha kwa madzi kumatsika pansi pa madigiri 22, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimachepetsa kukula kwake. Hygrophile amafunika kusintha madzi pafupipafupi. Iyenera kukhala yofewa komanso acidic pang'ono. Ngati kuuma kuli koposa 8, ndiye kuti kukula kwa chomera kumawonongeka, masamba apamwamba amakhala ochepa, ndipo otsika amagwa.

Kufunika kowunikira kowala kumawonetsedwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba. Kuunikira kungakhale kwachilengedwe kapena kochita kupanga. Chindunji kuwala kwadzuwa n'kosafunika kwa dambo, kotero ndi bwino kudetsa mbewu. Kuunikira kopanga kumatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fulorosenti (mtundu wa LB), komanso nyali za incandescent. Nyali za fulorosenti ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu mumtundu wa 0,4-0,5 W pa lita imodzi ya madzi, ndipo nyali za incandescent ziyenera kuwirikiza katatu. Tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala maola khumi ndi awiri. Zizindikiro za kusowa kwa kuwala zimatha kukhala kufota kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa tsinde.

Nthaka yokulitsa hygrophila yokhala ndi mbewu zambiri imakhala ndi mchenga pang'ono, imatha kukhala ndi mchenga wouma kapena timiyala tating'ono kwambiri. Chomera sichifuna kudyetsa kowonjezera, alibe zinyalala zachilengedwe. Ngati munda wanu wa aquarium uli ndi zomera zambiri ndipo zimakula mofulumira, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga feteleza ovuta. Pa malita 10 a madzi, 2 g ya feteleza imayikidwa, kutengera kusintha kwa madzi sabata iliyonse.

Bogweed imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi tsinde cuttings. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga gawo la tsinde ndi masamba asanu amatope ndikubzala pansi. Mizu imakula mofulumira pamene masamba awiri apansi akuzama.

Sikoyenera kulola hygrophila "kusambira" chifukwa mizu imatenga mwachangu zinthukuchokera pansi. Popanda kubzala, mbewuyo imakula bwino, kukula kumachepetsa, ndipo masamba amakhala ochepa.

Mitundu yambiri ya hygrophila, monga mitundu yake ina, imakula bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso mu paludarium. Mumlengalenga, pagawo lazakudya komanso kuwala kowala, sizingakhale zovuta kukulitsa mbewu, mumikhalidwe yotere imakula mwachangu.

Shinersia yasinthidwa

• dzina lina ndi Mexico oak. Banja - Compositae. Malo achilengedwe ndi Northern Mexico, Texas.
• imamera pansi pa madzi ndi pamwamba pa madzi m'mitsinje kapena mitsinje yomwe imathamanga pang'onopang'ono.
• imakula mwachangu, kufika kutalika kwa 40-70 centimita.
• kuti ukhale wabwino, mbewuyo imafunikira kutentha kwamadzi koyenera kuchokera pa 18 mpaka 30 madigiri, acidity yamadzi ndi pH 6,0 - 8,0.

Shinersia ili ndi tsinde lalikulu kapena lapakati. Masamba apansi pamadzi amatha kutalika mpaka 7,5 centimita, m'lifupi mwake 3,5 centimita, kumbali yakumbuyo ndi lanceolate, yopingasa, kutengera kuwala kwa kuwala, amatha kukhala ndi utoto wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira. ofiira-bulauni, amawoneka ngati masamba a thundu. Pamadzi a oak wa ku Mexico, maluwa a tubular amapanga.

Shinersia tamed ikukula mwachangu, modzichepetsa. Madziwo ndi ofewa mpaka apakati olimba. Zimafalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Itha kuwoneka bwino pakati kapena kumbuyo kwa aquarium ngati gulu.