Nchifukwa chiyani nkhumba imatchedwa, mbiri ya chiyambi cha dzinali

Mwinamwake, pafupifupi munthu aliyense ali mwana anali ndi chidwi ndi funso: chifukwa chiyani nkhumba imatchedwa. Zikuoneka kuti nyamayo ndi ya dongosolo la makoswe ndipo alibe chochita ndi artiodactyls. Nanga bwanji nyanja? N'zokayikitsa kuti madzi amchere ndi chinthu chake, ndipo chinyama sichikuwoneka kuti sichikhoza kusambira. Pali kufotokozera, ndipo ndi prosaic.

Chiyambi cha Guinean Pigs

Kuti timvetse chifukwa chake njuchi inkatchedwa guinea pig, munthu ayenera kutembenukira ku mbiri yakale. Dzina lachilatini la nyama yoseketsa imeneyi ndi Cavia porcellus, banja la nkhumba. Dzina lina: caywi ndi Guinea nkhumba. Mwa njira, apa pali chochitika china chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa, nyama nazonso zilibe kanthu kochita ndi Guinea.

Makoswewa akhala akudziwika kwa anthu kuyambira kalekale ndipo ankawetedwa ndi mafuko a ku South America. A Incas ndi oimira ena a kontinentiyi ankadya nyama kuti adye. Iwo ankazilambira, kuzijambula pazithunzithunzi, ndiponso ankazigwiritsa ntchito monga nsembe zamwambo. Kuchokera pa zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi ku Ecuador ndi Peru, ziboliboli za nyamazi zilipobe mpaka lero.

Nyama zaubweya zinadziwika kwa anthu okhala ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 16 pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Colombia, Bolivia ndi Peru ndi ogonjetsa aku Spain. Pambuyo pake, zombo zamalonda zochokera ku England, Holland ndi Spain zinayamba kubweretsa nyama zachilendo kudziko lakwawo, kumene zimafalikira pakati pa malo olemekezeka monga ziweto.

Kodi dzina loti guinea pig lachokera kuti?

Mawu akuti cavia mu dzina la sayansi amachokera ku cabiai. Kotero oimira mafuko a Galibi omwe ankakhala m'dera la Guiana (South America) adatcha nyamayo. Kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Latin porcellus amatanthauza "nkhumba yaying'ono". M'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi chizolowezi kuitana nyama mosiyana. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi dzina lachidule lakuti cavy kapena kevy, lofupikitsidwa kuchokera ku cavia. Kunyumba, amatchedwa kui (gui) ndi aperea, ku UK - nkhumba zaku India, komanso ku Western Europe - Peruvia.

Chifukwa chiyani mukadali "wam'madzi"?

Nyama yaying'ono idalandira dzina lotere ku Russia, Poland (Swinka Morska) ndi Germany (Meerschweinchen). Kudzichepetsa ndi khalidwe labwino la nkhumbazo zinawapangitsa kukhala mabwenzi pafupipafupi a amalinyero. Inde, ndipo nyama zinafika ku Ulaya panthawiyo panyanja. Mwinamwake, pachifukwa ichi, mayanjano a makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi madzi adawonekera. Ponena za Russia, dzina loterolo mwina linabwerekedwa ku dzina lachi Poland. Kusankha koteroko sikuchotsedwa: kunja, mwachitsanzo, zilombo zachilendo zinafika kutali, ndipo kenako zinachepa, kutaya chiyambi.

Palinso mtundu woterewu: kuti athe kuletsa kuletsa kudya nyama pamasiku osala kudya, ansembe achikatolika adayika ma capybaras (capybaras), ndipo nthawi yomweyo makoswe awa ngati nsomba. N’kutheka kuti n’chifukwa chake ankatchedwa guinea pigs.

Chifukwa chiyani nkhumba?

Kutchulidwa kwa nkhumba mu dzinali kumamveka kuchokera ku Chipwitikizi (nkhumba yaing'ono ya Indian), Netherlands (Guinea nkhumba), French ndi Chinese.

Chifukwa cholumikizana ndi artiodactyl yodziwika bwino iyenera kufunidwa mofanana ndi kunja. Thupi lakuda ngati mbiya pamiyendo yotsika, khosi lalifupi ndi mutu waukulu wachibale ndi thupi limafanana ndi nkhumba. Phokoso lomwe khosweyo amapanga lingakhalenso logwirizana ndi nkhumba. Zikakhala modekha, zimangokhala ngati kung’ung’udza, ndipo zikachitika ngozi, mluzu wawo umafanana ndi kulira kwa nkhumba. Zinyama ndizofanana pazokhutira: zonse ziwirizi zimangotafuna chinachake, zikukhala m'makola ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa china chagona mu zophikira zizolowezi za mbadwa kudziko la nyama. Nyama zoweta zinkaweta kuti ziphedwe, monganso nkhumba. Maonekedwe ndi kukoma, kukumbukira nkhumba yoyamwa, yomwe atsamunda oyambirira a ku Spain adazindikira, ndipo adawapatsa mwayi wotcha nyamazo.

Kunyumba, makoswe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya mpaka pano. Anthu a ku Peru ndi ku Ecuador amazidya zambiri, kuzipaka zonunkhira ndi mchere, kenako kuzikazinga m'mafuta kapena pamalasha. Ndipo, mwa njira, nyama yophikidwa pa malovu imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi nkhumba yaing'ono yoyamwa.

Mwa njira, nyamazi zimagwirizanitsidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana osati ndi nkhumba zokha, komanso ndi nyama zina. Ku Germany, pali dzina lina la merswin (dolphin), mwina la mawu ofanana omwe amapangidwa. Dzina lachi Spanish limatanthawuza kuti kalulu wamng'ono wa ku India, ndipo a ku Japan amawatcha kuti morumotto (kuchokera ku Chingerezi "marmot").

Kodi mawu oti “Guinean” amachokera kuti?

Panonso, chisokonezo chodabwitsa chalowa, chifukwa Guinea ili ku West Africa, osati ku South America, kumene nkhumba za nkhumba zinayambira.

Pali zofotokozera zingapo za kusiyana uku:

• cholakwika cha matchulidwe: Guiana (South America) ndi Guinea (West Africa) amamveka ofanana kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, madera onsewa ndi madera akale a ku France;
• zombo zimene zinkatumiza nyama kuchokera ku Guiana kupita ku Ulaya zinadutsa mu Afirika ndipo, motero, ku Guinea;
• onse “kunja kwa nyanja” m’Chirasha, ndi “guinea” m’Chichewa, amatanthauza tanthawuzo monga chirichonse chochokera kumaiko akutali osadziwika;
• Nkhumba ndi ndalama imene nyama zachilendo zinkagulitsidwa.

Makolo a nkhanga ndi kuŵeta kwawo

Anthu omwe amati ndi makolo a ziweto zamakono Cavia cutlen ndi Cavia aperea tschudii akukhalabe kuthengo ndipo amafalitsidwa pafupifupi kulikonse ku South America. Zitha kupezeka m'masavannah komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pamiyala yamapiri komanso m'madambo. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana m'magulu a anthu khumi, nyamazo zimadzikumba dzenje kapena kukhala m'nyumba za nyama zina. Amadya zakudya zamasamba zokha, amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri usiku ndi madzulo, ndipo amaswana chaka chonse. Mtundu wa imvi-bulauni wokhala ndi mimba yopepuka.

Anthu a mtundu wa Inca anayamba kuweta makoswe amtendere kuyambira cha m’ma 13. Pamene nyama zinkawoneka m’mayiko a ku Ulaya, poyamba zinkafunidwa m’ma laboratories a sayansi kuti ziyesedwe. Maonekedwe abwino, chikhalidwe chabwino komanso kucheza ndi anthu pang'onopang'ono adakopa chidwi cha odziwa bwino. Ndipo tsopano tinyama tating'ono toseketsa izi takhazikika m'nyumba padziko lonse lapansi ngati ziweto zokondedwa.

Mpaka pano, oweta aŵeta mitundu yopitilira 20 yomwe imasiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a malaya, kutalika, ngakhale kusakhalako pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.

Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu:

• tsitsi lalitali (angora, merino, texels, sheltie, Peruvia ndi ena);
• tsitsi lalifupi (ma crested, selfies);
• wirehaired (rex, American teddy, abyssinian);
• opanda tsitsi (wakhungu, baldwin).

Mosiyana ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wakutchire, tsopano mutha kupeza zokonda zakuda, zofiira, zoyera ndi mitundu yonse ya mithunzi yawo. Kuchokera ku mitundu ya monochromatic, obereketsa adabweretsa nyama zamawanga komanso ngakhale tricolor. Zinyama zatsitsi lalitali zokhala ndi tsitsi la rosette zimawoneka zoseketsa kwambiri, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa. Kutalika kwa thupi 25-35 masentimita, kutengera mtundu, kulemera kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera 600 mpaka 1500 g. Ziweto zazing'ono zimakhala zaka 5 mpaka 8.

Nazi mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudza mbiri ya nkhumba za nkhumba komanso chifukwa chake zimatchedwa choncho. Komabe, nyama yokhala ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso dzina lake iyenera kukhala yachilendo.

Kanema: chifukwa chiyani nkhumba imatchedwa choncho