Khansa mu agalu: zizindikiro za oncology ndi mankhwala

Mitundu ya khansa

Zotupa (neoplasms) si khansa. Iwo ndi abwino ndi oipa.

Zotupa zabwino sizimayambitsa vuto lalikulu m'thupi, zimakula pang'onopang'ono komanso mochepa, ndipo sizimafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

Zotupa zowopsa zimakhala zaukali ndipo palimodzi zimatchedwa khansa kapena neoplasia. Amakula mofulumira kwambiri, amakhudza minofu yoyandikana nayo, ndipo amasiya mosavuta ena mwa maselo awo. Ndi magazi, amatengedwa m'thupi lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zina ziwonongeke, ndipo popanda chithandizo, thupi limafa.

Mu embryogenesis (njira ya chitukuko cha embryo), maselo onse ndi ofanana, ndiyeno amasiyanitsa (kugawa) atangosamukira ku chiwalo chomwe akufuna kapena malo okhwima, kulandira ntchito yawo ndikugwira ntchito ya chiwalo - chiwindi, impso, mitsempha, minofu, mtima, etc.

Matendawa akachitika, maselo amachulukana mosayenera: m'njira yoti selo silikula mpaka kukula, ndipo galuyo amapanga chotupa kuchokera muunyinji wa maselo osakhwimawa.

Maonekedwe a khansa amadalira mtundu wa selo lomwe limalephera.

Selo lililonse labwinobwino m'chiwalo chilichonse limatha kubadwanso mu cell ya khansa nthawi zina.

Khansa ya Chiwindi mu Agalu

Nthawi zambiri, zotupa chiwindi ndi zoipa, Komabe, palinso khansa agalu, localized mu chiwalo ichi. Hepatocellular carcinoma ndi chotupa chochokera ku hepatocytes okha, mtundu wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa umatha kukhudza gawo lonse la chiwalo ndi parenchyma (ma cell apadera pa chiwalo chilichonse). Ndi imodzi komanso yayikulu. Kapena pangakhale zotupa ting'onoting'ono zambiri zomwazika pachiwindi.

Chiwindi ndiye fyuluta yayikulu ya thupi, ndipo magazi onse amadutsamo kuti ayeretsedwe, chifukwa chake maselo a khansa omwe amalowa m'magazi mwachangu komanso mosavuta amazika mizu pachiwalo ichi.

Khansara ya khungu

Khansara yapakhungu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri mwa agalu ndi adenocarcinoma. Pakhungu pali maselo a glandular, ndipo akasintha, adenocarcinoma imayamba. Izi ndi timinofu tating'onoting'ono pathupi tomwe timakweza khungu, nthawi zambiri timatuluka magazi kwambiri, kusintha mawonekedwe ndikukula kukhala makulidwe a minofu.

Kuphatikiza apo, squamous cell carcinomas (melanomas) ndi histiocytomas zitha kuchitika. Melanoma imawoneka ngati njerewere zakuda, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu komanso metastasis. Histiocytomas ndi zotupa zomwe zimachitika mwa achinyamata. Pakhungu, zimawoneka ngati chilonda, pansi pake kuchuluka kwa chotupacho kumakula mu makulidwe a khungu. Ichi ndi mapangidwe abwino omwe sangawopsyeze kwambiri thanzi la galu. .

Khansa ya m'mapapo mwa Agalu

Neoplasias (neoplasms) m'mapapu akhoza kukhala matenda odziimira okha, koma ndi osowa kwambiri. Amalakwitsa chifukwa cha bronchopneumonia ndipo amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki, zomwe sizimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Khansara yoyambirira ya m'mapapo mwa agalu imatha kuchokera ku ma cell a bronchial epithelial kapena ma cell a alveoli omwe.

Ma metastases ambiri a m'mapapo mwa agalu amachokera ku ma neoplasia ena m'thupi. Ndi kutuluka kwa lymph, maselo a chotupa amalowa m'mapapo ndikuyamba kukula, kukhudza minofu yoyandikana nayo, chifukwa cha zomwe nyamayo sizingathe kupuma.

khansa ya m'matumbo

Khansara ya m'matumbo mwa agalu nthawi zambiri imayamba ngati mphete yozungulira gawo linalake la matumbo akulu kapena ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa lumen yake ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti chakudya ndi ndowe zidutse. Choncho, zizindikiro zenizeni za khansa ya m'mimba mwa galu zimawonekera: kusanza, kupweteka, kudzimbidwa kosatha.

Chithunzi chachipatala cha matendawa chikufanana ndi chitukuko cha m'mimba. Chofala kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu, ndi lymphosarcoma. Komabe, abusa aamuna a ku Germany, Boxers ndi Collies ali ndi mwayi wopanga adenocarcinomas.

khansa ya m'mimba ya galu

Khansara ya m'mimba mwa agalu, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, ndi osowa kwambiri. Sichidutsa 1% ya zotupa zomwe zimakumana nazo. Ngati, komabe, chotupa cha m'mimba chimapezeka mu chiweto, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala adenocarcinoma kapena lymphoma. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndizofanana ndi za gastritis. Zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kwa iwo ndi mitundu monga chow-chow, bull terriers, collies, staffordshire terriers. Matendawa amapezeka mwa agalu akuluakulu.

Khansa ya Uterine mu Agalu

Khansara ya m'mimba imayamba chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, kutupa kosalekeza kwa chiberekero, kubereka kosalamulirika kwa agalu, mimba yonyenga, ovarian cysts. Pali ma sarcoma ndi fibrosarcoma m'chiberekero. Zingwe zonse zosaseweretsa zimayikidwa mu theka lachiwiri la moyo.

Kuyambitsa chitukuko cha chotupa akhoza kutenga m`thupi mankhwala kapena matenda ndi HIV. Mwachitsanzo, venereal sarcoma imakhudza kwambiri maliseche ndi nyini, ndipo matenda amapezeka mwa kukhudzana ndi maliseche omwe ali ndi kachilombo - panthawi yogonana. Nthawi zina zimatha kukhudza mphuno, milomo, ndi maso ngati galu wanunkhiza kapena kunyambita maliseche omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Khansara yamtunduwu ndi yoyambira.

Khansa yamagazi

Leukemia ndi matenda oopsa a magazi omwe ali m'gulu la khansa. Amasintha m'magazi ndi ma lymph cell, mafupa a mafupa. Maselo oteteza amazungulira m'magazi - ma lymphocytes, omwe amalimbana ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya omwe amakumana nawo panjira ya thupi. Chifukwa cha khansa ya m'magazi, maselowa sapangidwa, ndipo thupi la nyama limakhala lopanda chitetezo ku ngozi iliyonse yochokera kunja.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi mwa agalu ndi mphwayi, ulesi, kusowa kwa njala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa ma lymph nodes, ndiye kuti kulephera kwa ziwalo zingapo (kupsinjika kwa thupi) kumayamba, mucous nembanemba imakhala yachikasu, kuchepa kwa magazi ndi magazi nthawi zina kumadziwika.

khansa ya m'mawere

Khansara ya m'mawere mwa agalu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matendawa. Siziwoneka kawirikawiri mwa amuna, koma zofala mwa akazi osabereka. Alibe mtundu, nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa anthu okalamba. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya sarcoma ndi carcinomas. Choyamba, mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono wandiweyani amamveka mu gland ya mammary ya galu, imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatha kufalikira kumagulu oyandikana nawo a mammary glands. Pafupifupi theka la milandu ya neoplasia mu agalu imafalikira kumapapu.

Khansa ya prostate

Khansara ya prostate ya Canine imapezeka mwa amuna osadulidwa azaka 7 zakubadwa. Kulembetsa nthawi zambiri adenocarcinoma - chotupa chodalira mahomoni. Kwa nthawi yayitali, khansa imakhala yopanda zizindikiro ndipo imafalikira ku mafupa, mapapo, ndi ma lymph nodes. Kawirikawiri, kusintha kwa prostate gland kumadziwika mwangozi ndipo kale m'magawo otsiriza, pamene galu sangathenso kuthandizidwa.

khansa chikhodzodzo

Transitional cell chotupa cha chikhodzodzo akufotokozera kuchokera akalowa chikhodzodzo, zimakhudza khosi ndi mkodzo. Mwa amuna, prostate gland nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa. Chotupacho midadada urethra, kulepheretsa kutuluka kwa mkodzo, kuchititsa ake pachimake kuchedwa, magazi amapezeka mu mkodzo.

Scottish Terriers amatha kukhala ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ichi ndi chotupa choopsa chomwe chimakula mofulumira ndipo chimakhudza minofu yozungulira.

Khansara ya mafupa

Khansara ya m'mafupa nthawi zambiri imakhudza mafupa omwe amanyamula katundu wambiri m'moyo - chiuno, bondo, chiuno, phewa, tibia.

Zonse zimayamba ndi kulemala ndi kuwawa m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa. Kutupa nthawi zambiri kumayamba, ndipo khungu pa malo a chotupa likhoza kukhala lofiira ndi zilonda. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi osteosarcoma. Pamene khansa ikupita, fupa "amasungunuka".

Zizindikiro za khansa mwa agalu

Kumayambiriro kwa khansa, pakhoza kukhala malaise ambiri. Galu amayenda pang'ono, chilakolako chimachepa, ndipo zizindikiro za matenda a m'mimba zimatha kuonekera. Ngati chotupacho chili pamwamba pa thupi, pakhungu, minofu kapena mucous nembanemba, ndiye chisindikizo chowoneka chidzawonekera.

Pamene siteji ikupita, zizindikiro za khansa zidzakulanso.

Khansa yowotcha m'magawo oyambirira adzadziwonetsera okha ngati malaise ambiri, chilakolako chidzachepa, ubwino wa ubweya udzawonongeka, mtundu ndi kusasinthasintha kwa ndowe kungasinthe, ndipo chiwindi chidzawonjezeka kukula. Ndi kukula kwa khansa, zizindikiro zidzakulanso: mucous nembanemba ndi khungu lidzasanduka lachikasu pa chiweto, ascites (mimba ya m'mimba), kupuma movutikira, ndi ululu zidzawoneka. Mu magawo apamwamba kwambiri, kusanza kosalamulirika kwa bile kumatha kuchitika.

Khansara ya khungu choyamba chimadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a zisindikizo zazing'ono pakhungu kapena pakhungu, pang'onopang'ono zilonda ndi zilonda zosachiritsa zimawonekera pa iwo. Chiweto alibe madandaulo za chikhalidwe ambiri mpaka gawo lomaliza la khansa, mpaka metastases kuonekera mu ziwalo zamkati.

Matenda a khansa Poyamba amaoneka ngati zizindikiro za bronchitis. Galu amatsokomola, amatopa msanga, kupuma movutikira kumawonekera nthawi zambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene akutsokomola, magazi amatha kutuluka, madzimadzi amachulukana m'chifuwa, ndipo zimakhala zovuta komanso zopweteka kuti galu apume.

Khansa ya m'mimba ndi m'mimba Choyamba, zimawonetseredwa ndi kuphwanya chopondapo, kutsekula m'mimba kwa chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi kusanza. Pamene siteji ikuipiraipira, padzakhala kutsegula m'mimba kosalekeza, kuwonda, ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.

Khansa ya uterine wakhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Zingayambitse kusokonezeka kwa estrus, kutupa kosatha m'chiberekero ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumaliseche.

khansa ya m'mawere ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma mwiniwake angapezenso zotupa m'matumbo a mammary, omwe pamapeto pake amakula, kusweka ndi kutuluka mafinya ndi magazi.

Khansa yamagazi - imodzi mwa mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya khansa, popeza, kwenikweni, thupi lonse likudwala, ndipo zizindikiro zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Ambiri ndi malungo popanda chifukwa, magazi m'thupi, kutupa mwanabele, ambiri malaise.

Khansa ya prostate ndi Chikhodzodzo kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana - kuvutika kukodza, magazi mu mkodzo, kupweteka, kusunga mkodzo kungayambe.

Khansara ya mafupa kuwonetseredwa ndi asymmetry fupa m`dera bwanji, ululu, lameness, ngati akufotokozera pa nthambi.

Zimayambitsa matenda

Monga tafotokozera kale, chomwe chimayambitsa khansara ndi kusintha kwa maselo, chifukwa chake kumayamba kugawanika ndi kupunduka kosalamulirika.

Komabe, pali predisposing zinthu khansa agalu.

Khansa ndi matenda okalamba. Pamene thupi limakalamba, njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimazindikira ndikuchotsa maselo osinthika oterowo amakhala osagwira ntchito. Chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga khansa ndi ukalamba chalembedwa muzamankhwala amunthu komanso azinyama.

Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa majini ndiko kukhudzana ndi ma carcinogen (zinthu zachilengedwe), mavairasi, komanso zinthu zakuthupi monga cheza cha UV, chomwe chingathe kuwonjezereka.

Kulephera kwa mahomoni nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kupanga zotupa zomwe zimadalira mahomoni - m'maliseche, m'matumbo omwe amatulutsa mahomoni.

Pali ziphunzitso zonena kuti kusowa kwa oxygen kwa nthawi yayitali - hypoxia - kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa maselo. Ndi magazi, mpweya umaperekedwa ku selo lililonse, ngati pazifukwa zina sikokwanira, maselo amavutika, kufa kapena kusintha.

Palinso nthanthi zokhuza chibadwa. Khansara imatengera kwa makolo, koma si onse omwe amabadwa nawo amapita patsogolo.

Palibe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa, malingaliro ambiri akupangidwa ndi asayansi, ndipo onse ali ndi malo oti akhale.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti moyo wosakhala bwino, zakudya zosayenera, zakudya zopanda thanzi, matenda pafupipafupi, matenda osachiritsika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi otsika komanso kusowa kwa kuletsa kubereka ndizomwe zimayambitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa khansa.

Magawo a matenda

Magawo a chitukuko cha chotupa mu agalu ndi muyezo gulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu, amphaka ndi mitundu yonse ya agalu, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa matenda.

1. Maphunziro a pulaimale akuwoneka. Sichimakhudza minyewa yozungulira ndipo imangoyamba kupeza misa chotupa. Ngati chotupa chikupezeka panthawiyi, chiwetocho chidzachira kwathunthu ndi chithandizo choyenera.
2. Kukula ndi metastasis kumayambira m'mitsempha yomwe ili pafupi. Kudziwikiratu panthawiyi kumakula.
3. Kugonjetsedwa kwa ma lymph nodes kumawonjezeka, koma ziwalo zina sizikhudzidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, kuchira kwathunthu kwa galu sikutheka, ndipo matendawa amakhala osamala kwambiri.
4. Gawo lotsiriza - mapangidwe oyambirira amakhudza kwambiri chiwalo chachikulu, ma metastases amawonekera mu ziwalo zina. Palibe chithandizo panthawiyi, ndipo matendawa amaperekedwa kokha kwa moyo wautali.

Diagnostics

Kuti mudziwe za oncology mwa agalu, choyamba ndikofunikira kuyesa chiweto. Veterinarian amawunika mosamala khungu ndi mucous nembanemba, palpates zamkati, amawunika momwe thupi limakhalira. Nthawi zambiri, kale pa nthawi imeneyi, dokotala detects zizindikiro za chotupa, kotero inu mukhoza kuzindikira khansa yapakhungu, chiberekero, bere, prostate, fupa.

Kenako, kuyezetsa kwathunthu (kuwunika kwathunthu) kwa thupi kumachitika. Chitani mayeso a magazi kuti muwone ntchito ya chiwalo, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera ndi ofiira amagazi mwa wodwalayo. Izi zikuwonetsa zizindikiro zosalunjika zomwe zimakulolani kukayikira kukhalapo madenga a khansa. Kuwunika kwa ultrasound kwa pamimba pamimba kumachitika kuti adziwe komwe chotupacho chili ndi kugwirizana kwake (kumene chiwalocho chimamangiriridwa) ndipo kupezeka kwa metastases kumayesedwa. Kafukufuku adzakuthandizani kupeza chotupa cha chiwindi, matumbo, m'mimba, chiberekero, chikhodzodzo, prostate. X-ray pachifuwa amachitidwa kuti awone momwe mapapu alili, kuti azindikire zotupa zazikulu ndi metastases.

Ngati chotupacho chili mu ma lymph nodes, msana kapena ubongo, kapena ngati chiri chochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti CT ndi MRI zidzathandiza kuzizindikira.

Chotupa chikapezeka, mtundu wake uyenera kudziwika. Kutsimikiza kolondola kwa mtundu wa chotupa mu mtundu uliwonse wa khansa kudzalola matenda aspiration biopsy (DBA), core singano biopsy (TIB), trepanobiopsy ndi lotseguka (opaleshoni) biopsy. Mayesowa amatha kupereka chidziwitso chokhudza zotupa zofewa. Pamaphunzirowa, zotupa zotupa zimatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, kenako zimawerengedwa pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti mudziwe mtundu wa khansa.

chithandizo

Khansara ya agalu si chilango cha imfa. Mitundu yambiri ya khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi chithandizo chamankhwala panthawi yake. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya multimodality, ndiko kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zothandizira. Nthawi zambiri, chotupa chikapezeka, chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Kenako, zovuta za chemotherapy zosakanikirana zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi siteji ndi mtundu wa khansa ndi oncologist.

Khansa ya chiwindi, khungu, matumbo, m'mimba, chiberekero, mammary glands, chikhodzodzo anachitidwa opaleshoni. Chotupa chachikulu ndi metastases yayikulu imachotsedwa. Kenaka, mtundu wa khansa umatsimikiziridwa ndipo magawo a chemotherapy ndi kuwonetsa ma radiation amachitidwa kuti awononge ma metastases ang'onoang'ono ndi maselo otsala a khansa.

Matenda a khansa zovuta kuchiza, nthawi zonse amayesa kuchotsa cholinga chachikulu ngati n'kotheka, koma nthawi zambiri izi sizingatheke, chifukwa chotupa pachifuwa chimakula mofulumira ndipo chimakhala chovuta kuchipeza. Kenako chemotherapy imayikidwa koyamba kuti muchepetse chotupa kukula, ndiyeno, ngati n'kotheka, amachotsedwa. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi khansa Prostate.

Khansa yamagazi amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi ma punctures osankhidwa bwino a chemotherapy ndi ma radiation.

RџS•Rё khansa ya m'mafupa kudulidwa kwa fupa kumasonyezedwa - miyendo, nsagwada, michira, ndi zina zotero. Fupa lomwe lakhudzidwa kwathunthu limachotsedwa, chemotherapy yaukali idzalepheretsa kufalikira kwa khansa ku ziwalo zoyandikana nazo ndikuwononga metastases mu lymphatic system.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chachikulu chothana ndi khansa, chithandizo cha symptomatic chimayikidwa - opha ululu, antiemetics, mankhwala othana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, maantibayotiki. Zonsezi mwachindunji zimadalira siteji imene mankhwala anayamba.

Kodi agalu omwe ali ndi khansa amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kuneneratu kwa moyo wa chiweto mwachindunji kumadalira pagawo la chitukuko cha khansa chomwe wodwalayo adalandira. Ngati kuchira kwathunthu n'kotheka pa gawo loyamba, ndipo galu adzakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wosasamala, ndiye kuti ndi gawo lililonse lotsatira matendawa akuipiraipira.

Avereji ya nthawi ya moyo mukafuna thandizo pa magawo 2-3 ndi kuyambira miyezi 3 mpaka zaka 3.

Pa siteji 4, mwatsoka, sizingatheke kuchiza khansa. Chithandizo chimaperekedwa kuti muchepetse zizindikiro, perekani malingaliro osamalira chiweto. Kutalika kwa moyo pankhaniyi kungakhale kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri pa siteji iyi akufunsidwa kuti achite euthanasia (euthanasia) kwa chiweto, popeza moyo wa galu wotere ndi wotsika kwambiri.

Prevention

Popeza masinthidwe ambiri amapatsirana, ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri pakuweta ndikuchotsa anthu onse omwe ali ndi chibadwa cha khansa.

Kuthena kungachepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa zotengera mahomoni.

Chithandizo chanthawi yake cha matenda aliwonse, kusowa kwa matenda osachiritsika kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha oncology.

Osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za carcinogenic muzakudya, potsuka kapena kuchiza galu. Musamupatse mankhwala a mahomoni amtundu uliwonse popanda kuuzidwa ndi dokotala.

Kupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse.

Oncology mu Zofunikira za Agalu

1. Oncology ndi dongosolo lovuta la matenda lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha zolakwika mkati mwa cell.
2. Mitundu ina ya khansa imatengedwa kuti ndi matenda obadwa nawo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, si nthawi zonse.
3. Oncology mwa agalu imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana - kuchepa kwa chilakolako, ntchito, kusintha kwa malaya ndi malaya. Zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zimadalira kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo china ndi monga kupunduka ndi khansa ya m'mafupa, magazi mumkodzo ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndi zina zotero.
4. Chithandizo chachikulu cha chotupa ndicho kuchotsa opaleshoni. Kenako, chemotherapy imachitika kuti iwononge metastases ndikuletsa kubwereza (kubwereza) kwa khansa.
5. Kupambana mu chithandizo cha oncology mwachindunji kumadalira pa siteji yomwe idayambika.

Mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri

Sources:

1. Carolyn J. Henry, Mary Lynn Higginbotham Kasamalidwe ka khansa muzochita zazing'ono zanyama., 2010.
2. Shulga. ES, Tatarnikova NN, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Preliminary Non-Invasive Biopsy in Small Animal Oncology. Journal "Izvestia" No. 5 (73) 2018