Catfish synodontis: mawonekedwe amitundu, malamulo osamalira ndi zina + chithunzi

Mbiri Yachidule ya Synodontis Soma

Synodontis catfish ndi nsomba ya m'madzi opanda mchere kuchokera ku banja la cirrus catfish. Dzina lachilatini la mitunduyi ndi Synodontis. Mbalamezi zimachokera kumadera apakati a Africa.

Synodontis ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa aquarists chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo achilendo ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Nsomba za ku Africa zimakhala maso usiku ndikubisala masana. Habitat - Nyanja Tanganyika ndi Mtsinje wa Kongo. Amasankha madambo abata. Oimira amtunduwu adabwera ku Europe chapakati pazaka za zana la 20. Ndiosavuta kusunga ndipo amatha kukhala zaka XNUMX. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhulupirira kuti ma synodonts amapatsidwa "khalidwe". Pazifukwa izi, nsomba zam'madzi zamtunduwu zidayamba kutchuka pakati pa aquarists padziko lonse lapansi. Aliyense akhoza kusankha synodontis ya kukula kwake ndi mtundu womwe akufuna. Mtundu uwu uli ndi mitundu yambiri. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mayina angapo.

Kufotokozera Maonekedwe

Thupi la Synodontis ndi lalitali, lopendekera ku mchira. Mpiringidzo wam'mbuyo ndi waukulu kuposa wopindikira. Khungu ndi lolimba komanso lophimbidwa ndi ntchentche zomwe zimafanana ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mutu ndi waukulu ndi kukamwa kwakukulu. Mlomo wapansi nthawi zambiri umamveka kwambiri kuposa wamtunda. Maso ali m’mbali. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi maso akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, nsomba za cuckoo). Pafupi ndi kamwa pali ndevu zingapo. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nsomba zam'madzi zimamva malo ozungulira usiku. Amamuthandiza kuyenda mumdima.

Synodontis imafunikira ndevu kuti iwonetsedwe mumlengalenga usiku

Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wotuwa wachikasu mpaka imvi-bulauni. Mawanga amapezeka thupi lonse (kukula - kuchokera ku punctate kupita ku zazikulu zozungulira). The dorsal fin ali ndi mawonekedwe a makona atatu, kuwala kwake ndi kosiyana, prickly. Zipsepse za pachifuwa ndi zazitali (zimakupatsani mwayi wosambira mwachangu). Kuwala kwakutali kumawonekera bwino pamchira wopindidwa.

Anthu amtundu uliwonse ali ndi kusiyana kwawo pakugonana. Mwachitsanzo, wosuntha wamkazi ali ndi mawanga akuluakulu kuposa amphongo. Yamphongo ndi yaying'ono kuposa yaikazi. Nkhaka yamphongo imadziwika mosavuta ndi zipsepse zake zazitali zam'mbuyo. Thupi la mwamuna ndi lowala komanso lochepa. Yaikazi ya synodontis yophimbidwa ndi yayikulu kuposa yaimuna. Mimba yake ndi yozungulira kwambiri, ndipo mutu wake ndi waukulu.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mwa mitundu yambiri ya ma synodontis, mitundu ingapo yatchuka kwambiri (izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owala akunja):

• mtsinje wophimbidwa (Synodontis eupterus);
• kusuntha ( Synodontis nigriventris );
• кукушка ( Synodontis multipunctatus );
• synodontis petricola (Synodontis petricola);
• synodontis wamaso aakulu (Hemisynodontis membranaceus).

Gome loyerekeza: mitundu ya synodontis

Zithunzi zojambula: mitundu yotchuka kwambiri

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kasomba kamene kamasambira m’mimba

Maonekedwe a kansomba wa ndevu zazikulu mu ndevu zokhuthala, "za ukonde".

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nsomba za petricola ndi mutu wotambasulidwa kumphuno, wophwanyidwa kuchokera pamwamba.

Zipsepse ndi mchira wa nsomba zam'madzi ndizotalikirana, ngati sitima

Mbali ya cuckoo catfish m'maso akulu ndi malire oyera mbali imodzi pamapiko a dorsal

Makhalidwe a chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro

Nsomba za Synodontis ndizosadzichepetsa posamalira, koma zimakonda bata. Soma imafuna malo abwino komanso malo aumwini. Ayenera kumverera ngati mwini wake wa aquarium. Syodont imodzi yaying'ono imachita bwino mu tanki ya 20 cm. Koma ngati muli ndi nsomba yotakata, imatha kukula mpaka 25 centimita (kapena kuposa). Chifukwa chake, munthu wamkulu amafunikira aquarium yokhala ndi malita 200. Aquarists ambiri amadzadza nsomba zatsopano poyamba m'madzi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo munthu akamakula, amanyamula chidebe chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira pakukonza aquarium ndi kukhalapo kwa pogona. Ngati muli ndi nsomba yokhayo, sikoyenera kusokoneza pansi ndi snags ndi grottoes. Nsomba yodzichepetsa komanso yokhwima idzagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chimodzi chokha. Ngati mutachotsa pogona iye anazolowera, iye monyadira amakana ena onse. Zikatero, nsomba yokhumudwa imatha kutenga malo pakona ya aquarium kapena, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa fyuluta. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala malo ogona ambiri m'madzi am'madzi monga momwe muli zitsanzo za synodontis mmenemo.

Nsomba zamtundu wa Synodontis zimafunikira pogona

Pamafunika pogona kuti nsombazi zizibisalamo masana. Komanso mu Aquarium ayenera kukhala zomera (anubias, cryptocoryne kapena echinodorus). Broadleaf algae amapereka mthunzi wabwino (monga pogona). Changelings makamaka amakonda kubisala pansi pa masamba oterowo. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kubzala Java moss mu Aquarium. Mulimonsemo, zomera ziyenera kukhazikika bwino. Ngati algae yosankhidwa ilibe mizu yolimba, miphika yapadera ikhoza kuikidwa.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezeka (mchenga wamtsinje, timiyala tating'ono, miyala yophwanyidwa, etc.). Kukula kwa dothi koyenera ndi 7 centimita. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba zam'madzi zimayendayenda pansi kufunafuna chakudya, zikumva pansi ndi masharubu awo. Mumitundu ina ya Synodontis, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono komanso tofewa. Ngati mu aquarium pali miyala yolimba, yakuthwa, nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kuwononga chiwalo chake chachikulu cha fungo. Komanso, nsomba zina za m’gulu la nsomba zimakonda “kudumphira” pansi ndi mphuno zawo.

Nyenyezi yam'madzi yotchedwa catfish synodontis mngelo nthawi zambiri kuposa ena "amalowetsa" mphuno yake mumchenga (amazinunkhiza, amasuzumira mumchenga ndi mlomo wake)

Madzi magawo, kuyatsa ndi zina

Synodontis chamoyo chimazolowera kusalowerera ndale pH. Madzi ayenera kukhala otentha (24-28 ° C) ndi olimba. Ngati madzi ndi ofewa kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta coral kuti muwonjezere kuuma. M'pofunika kukhutitsa madzi ndi mpweya ndi fyuluta. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo wotsikirapo kwambiri, kotero kuti zinyalala zomwe zili pansi zimatha kusokoneza thanzi lawo. Choncho, m'pofunika siphon nthaka (yoyera ndi chida chapadera) ndi m'malo madzi kamodzi pa sabata (15-20%).

Amakhala m'madzi olimba, zonse zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo, kutentha kuli pafupifupi madigiri 26. Amakonda kukumba pansi, samakhumudwitsa zomera ndi nsomba zina (osawerengera mwachangu, ngati atazigwira, azidya). Ma cichlids anga samawakhudzanso, mikwingwirima yakuda yokha ndiyomwe imathamangitsidwa pachisa chawo pakuswana. Pogawana malo ogona, wina adachita bwino, adathamangitsana kuti madzi atuluke, ndipo tsopano wina ali ndi zipsera zankhondo ndipo alibe masharubu.

Wolamulira wa synodontis

Ndikofunikira kuyatsa aquarium, koma nyali zolemetsa ndizosankha. Kuwala kudzakhala kothandiza kwa zomera, ndipo nsomba zam'madzi sizimakhudzidwa nazo. Ngati mwaika chipangizo chounikira, ndiye kuti chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka kutulutsa. Pakubwera nyama zazing'ono, aquarium iyenera kukhala yakuda.

Kanema: golden synodontis amayendera gawolo

Malamulo odyetsa

African catfish ndi pafupifupi omnivorous, koma m'mawa amadziwonetsera ngati adani. Nsombazi zimatha kudyetsedwa chakudya chamoyo, monga mphutsi zamagazi. Ena samakana chakudya chouma ngati chili ndi mapuloteni. Amakonda zakudya zamtima komanso zonenepa (sanyoza nsomba zazing'ono). Aquarists ena amadyetsa ziweto zawo ndi shrimp kapena sprat nyama. Koma ngati izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti nsombazo zidzazolowera chakudya cha nyama, chomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi "chidzaphunzitsa" chilombo cholusa mmenemo.

Usiku, anthu okhala m'madzi am'madzi amafufuza pansi kufunafuna chakudya ndipo amatha kumeza mosadziwa, mwachitsanzo, ma guppies kapena zebrafish. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukudya nsomba zam'madzi ndi nyama, ndibwino usiku. Kawirikawiri, Synodontis ndi yosankha. Ngati chakudya chogwa kuchokera kumwamba chikaoneka kwa iwo chokoma kuposa chimene chili pansi, azichidya. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa nsomba zapansi:

• AL Motyl;
• Tetra TabiMin ndi Tetra PlekoMin;
• Sera Viformo;
• Sera Premium Spirulina Tabs etc.

Kanema: ma synodontis awiri amagawana piritsi limodzi

Kodi synodontis akhoza kudya nkhono ndi zomera

Mutha kufooketsa chibadwa chodyera nyama yamphaka pongozolowera chakudya chamasamba. Nsomba zapansi zimatha kupatsidwa zakudya zapadera zamasamba kapena zakudya zobiriwira wamba (masamba a dandelion, sipinachi, nkhaka, zukini, etc.). Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zam'madzi sizikana oatmeal. Koma ayenera kuthiridwa kaye ndi madzi otentha, apo ayi adzakhala olimba kwambiri.

Mutha kuyesa kusokoneza chibadwa cha Synodontis pomupatsa zakudya zamasamba.

Mbalame siifa ndi njala, ngakhale isanadye tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Koma ngati inu overfeed, ndipo ngakhale ndi chakudya nyama chiyambi, nsomba akhoza kudwala, monga nsomba za m'gulu sachedwa kunenepa.

Ngati mwini wake wa aquarium si wokonda "nsembe", ndiye kuti simungathe kudyetsa nsomba zam'madzi ndi nkhono mwadala. Nthawi zina synodontis amadya nkhono, koma izi siziri chifukwa chaukali kapena kuvulaza. Kungoti ngati kansomba katuluka, mwachitsanzo, usiku kukafunafuna chakudya, koma osapeza chakudya pansi, ndiye kuti nkhonoyo ingawoneke ngati nyama yokongola kwa iye. Ngakhale nsomba za cuckoo, zomwe mwachilengedwe zimangodya nkhono zokha, sizingakhudze aquarium ngati zitapeza chakudya china.

Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Chofunikira chachikulu pakusankha oyandikana nawo amphaka ndi kukula kwake (muyenera kupha nsomba zamtundu wofanana). Mfundo ina yofunika ndi ntchito ya nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba yochedwa kwambiri imakhalabe ndi njala chifukwa cha nsombazi. Synodontis imagwirizana bwino ndi cichlids ndi koi. Mikhalidwe yoweta nsomba ndi yofanana, ndipo oyandikana nawo amafanana. Mkangano pakati pa ma synodontis ndi cichlids ukhoza kuchitika m'masiku oyambirira a chiyambi, pamene amuna amayesa kusonyeza ulamuliro wawo.

Koi amapanga anansi abwino a synodontis

Kugwirizana kwa intraspecific kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi zaka za anthu. Chifukwa chake, nsomba yayikulu komanso yayikulu imatha "kutulutsa" kansomba kakang'ono kakang'ono pamalo ogona kuti atenge malowa okha. Anthu amphamvu amapulumukanso ofooka m'malo otseguka a aquarium.

Dalmatian wanga wakhala zaka 12, sanabwererenso, chinthu chokhacho ndi chakuti adadya ampoule, simungamuchotsere. Nsomba zina zonse zimangonyalanyazidwa, monga momwe zilili. Usiku, "amawuluka" mozungulira nyanja yamchere, ndikuwulutsa zipsepse zake za "shaki". Chifukwa chakuti khalidwe losakoma mtima la anyamatawa likukayikiridwabe, iwo ndi okoma mtima ndi anzeru.

Mwini wamkulu wa synodontis

Makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu

Ku Japan, pali nthano yokhudza momwe dziko lapansi limapangidwira. Malingana ndi iye, dziko lapansi limakhala kumbuyo kwa nsomba zamtundu wa Namazu (Namazu catfish). Nsomba zotsala za mustachioed zimatetezedwa ndi mulungu winawake. Mulungu akasokonezedwa, kansombayo imadzuka ndikugwedeza mchira. Kuchokera apa, tsunami ndi zivomezi zimachitika padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha nthano iyi, anthu aku Japan amalemekeza kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi - nsomba zopatulika.

Mbalame yotchedwa catfish osati chifukwa cha masharubu ndi mchira. Amakhulupirira kuti nsombazi zimapatsidwa nzeru ndipo zimatha kuzindikira mwiniwake. Ndipo Synodontis ndi chimodzimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati shapeshifter amakhala mu Aquarium yaing'ono yopingasa, mukhoza kusisita. Muyenera kupita ku thanki masana, pang'onopang'ono kusuntha chivundikiro pepala ndi kusisita mphambu pamimba. Sadzadzuka nthawi yomweyo, choncho mwiniwakeyo adzakhala ndi nthawi yosangalala ndi nthawiyo.

Komanso, eni nsomba zapansizi amazigwira ndi manja. Zoonadi, akamapha nsomba ndi ukonde, nsombazi zimatuluka m’mwamba n’kukoloweka mchira wake, ndipo zimenezi zingavulale. Eni ake a "tame" synodontis amakhulupirira kuti nsomba imatha kuzindikira munthu, makamaka patatha zaka zingapo akukhala pamodzi.

Kuyesera koyambirira kumatsimikizira izi: mutha kuwona momwe nsomba zimakuwonerani ndikudikirira chakudya. Masiku angapo musanayambe kuyesa, mutha kupatsa chakudya chomwe mumakonda. Patsiku la "X" muyenera kupita ku aquarium ndikubweretsa dzanja lanu pamadzi, akuti ndi chakudya. Chiweto chokhala ndi mawanga chidzayang'ana mwachindunji m'maso mwa munthu, kukhalabe pamlingo womwewo.

Kanema: Synodontis adazindikira mwini wake

Makhalidwe a kubalana ndi kuswana

Synodontis ndizovuta kuswana kunyumba. Anthu omwe ali m'masitolo a aquarium amatumizidwa kunja. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuswana mitundu yosawerengeka yosawerengeka (yokongola komanso yokongola kwambiri ya nsomba, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri). Kuti abereke nsomba, oweta amapanga jakisoni wa mahomoni. Chosiyana ndi lamuloli ndi cuckoo synodontis. Nsomba zimenezi zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakuswana, zazikazi “zimaponyera” mazira awo ku cichlids. Iwo nawonso amanyamula ana a nsomba m’kamwa mwawo. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino kwa mwiniwake wa cuckoo, mwachangu mwachangu. Pakatha masiku angapo, amatha kudyetsedwa mphutsi za Artemia.

Mbalame yotchedwa cuckoo synodontis imaponyera mazira ake ku nsomba zina, pamene mbalame ya cuckoo imayikira mazira mu zisa za anthu ena.

Vuto lalikulu pakuswana ndikuti ndizosatheka kupanga malo okhala m'madzi a aquarium kuwoneka ngati achilengedwe. Aquarists odziwa zambiri amafewetsa ndikutenthetsa madzi kuti atsanzire nyengo ya monsoon. Komanso ikani "misampha" ya caviar. Chidebe chophimbidwa ndi ukonde chimayikidwa m'madzi opanda kanthu (madzi okha). Malo ogona opanda pansi amaikidwa pamapeto pake. Nsomba zazikazi zimabisala m’khola limeneli ndikuikira mazira, amene nthawi yomweyo amagwera m’chidebe chophimbidwa ndi ukonde. Pambuyo pa kuswana, akuluakulu amabzalidwa. Maukondewo atha kuchotsedwa kuti fulakesiyo ituluke m’chidebecho.

Matenda a Synodontis ndi Njira Zochizira

Monga nsomba ina iliyonse, nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kudwala ngati zikhalidwe zomangidwa zikuphwanyidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nsomba yamphaka yadya kwambiri, imakhala yonenepa. Kuti abwerere mwakale, muyenera kukonza chakudya cha nsomba zam'madzi. Simungathe kuyika nsomba panjala, koma mukhoza kukonza masiku osala kudya (kamodzi pa sabata). Ngati thupi la Synodontis lazimiririka, zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi nkhawa. Matendawa amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chilichonse, monga kuchuluka kwa anthu am'madzi am'madzi. Vuto likakonzedwa, nsombazo zimabwerera mwakale.

Ngati nsomba ya pansi ikugona pambali pake ndikupuma kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti ilibe mpweya wokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mpweya - machulukitsidwe a mpweya (aerator mwina yasweka). Mpweya wa okosijeni m’madzi ukakhala wofanana, nsombazi zimachira. Musalole kuti chiweto chanu chigone pansi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nthaka muli tizilombo tambirimbiri komanso ma organic deposits, chifukwa cha izi, nsomba zimatha kukhala zowola. Chilonda choterocho chimachiritsidwa ndi streptocide (mukhoza kusamba kwa theka la ola). Ngati mukuwopa kuvulaza chiweto chanu cham'madzi, mutha kulumikizana ndi veterinarian wanu.

Synodontis ndi nkhanu zokongola komanso zosadzichepetsa. Nsomba zoterezi ndi omnivorous, zamtendere komanso zabata. Zabwino kwa oyamba kumene aquarists, ngati sanaphatikizepo ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono. Mbalame zimatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono panthawi yosaka usiku. Mbalame zina zonse sizidzabweretsa mavuto.