Matenda a nsomba za aquarium

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la nsomba:

• Madzi osakhala bwino. Madzi apampopi ayenera kutetezedwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukonzekera kwapadera kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti madziwo akhale m'malo oyenera moyo wa nsomba ndi ziweto zina zam'madzi.
• Kusalinganika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa madzi kapena kuyambika kosayenera kwa Aquarium, kuyambika kwa nsomba zam'madzi.
• Kudya mopitirira muyeso. Madziwo amakhala oipitsidwa, khalidwe lake limachepa, ndipo nsomba sizimamva bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kudya mopitirira muyeso, ambiri a iwo alibe chidziwitso chofanana.
• Kuchulukirachulukira, kusagwirizana kwa okhalamo. Musanagule nsomba yomwe mumakonda, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasamalire, kaya ikugwirizana ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi anu. Onaninso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pasakhale nsomba zambiri.
• Kulephera kukhala kwaokha kwa nsomba zatsopano komanso kubweretsa nyama zodwala. Mukagula nsomba yatsopano, m'pofunika kukhazikika m'madzi osiyana siyana, kuti mukhale kwaokha. Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nsombazo ndi zathanzi ndipo sizingawononge anthu ena okhala m'madzi anu. Nthawi yokhala kwaokhayo ndi kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka 3, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi kuti matendawa, ngati alipo, ayenera kuwonekera kale.

Matenda akuluakulu ndi mawonetseredwe awo

Pseudomonosis (fin rot)

Woyambitsa ndi bacterium Pseudomonas. Chimodzi mwa matenda ambiri. Imakula nthawi zambiri m'madzi oipitsidwa kwambiri, komanso ikasungidwa m'madzi ozizira kwambiri. Matenda a bakiteriya amawonetsedwa ndi kukokoloka kwa zipsepse, mawonekedwe amtambo wamtambo wabuluu pa iwo, komanso madontho ofiira nthawi zambiri amawonekera. Poyamba, kukokoloka kumakhala m'mphepete mwa zipsepse, pambuyo pake zipsepsezo zimasweka kukhala cheza, cheza chimagwa kumapeto, mzere wa kukokoloka umawoneka bwino ndi mtundu woyera-bluish. Mu nsomba zazing'ono, zipsepsezo nthawi zambiri zimasweka mpaka pansi, pomwe zilonda zoyera zimapangika, mafupa amatha kuwululidwa, ndipo nsomba zimafa. Madzi osambira amchere, bicillin-5, chloramphenicol, streptocid amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Saprolegniosis

Matenda a fungal, causative agent - nkhungu bowa Saprolegnia. Nthawi zambiri amayamba ngati matenda achiwiri m'madzi oipitsidwa kwambiri kapena nsomba zofooketsedwa ndi matenda ena. Imawonetseredwa ndi mawonekedwe a thonje loyera kapena loyera lachikasu ❖ kuyanika ndi ulusi woyera wochepa thupi pa malo okhudzidwa. Zitha kukhudza mbali iliyonse ya thupi, nthawi zambiri - zipsepse, zipsepse, maso, komanso mazira. Kuwala kwa zipsepsezo kumamatira pamodzi ndikugwa, ngati bowa lili pazitsulo - nsonga za gill zimakhala zotuwa ndipo zimafa, ngati pamaso pa maso - nsomba imasiya kuona, diso limakhala loyera. Munthu wodwala amataya chilakolako chake, amakhala osagwira ntchito, amagona kwambiri pansi. Popanda chithandizo ndi kusintha kwa zinthu mu aquarium, nthawi zambiri nsomba zimafa. Chithandizo - streptocid, bicillin-5 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi wamba, m'chidebe chosiyana - mchere, mkuwa wa sulphate (mosamala, ngati mlingo uli wolakwika, umawononga nsomba). Ndikosavuta kupewa ngati musunga aquarium yoyera.  

ascites (kutupa)

Zimagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ambiri, parasitic ndi bakiteriya. Amadziwika ndi chimbudzi cha mucous, ndipo pambuyo pake ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoma a m'mimba, kudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi m'mimba, pamimba kumatupa, mamba amakwezedwa pamwamba pa thupi ndikugwedezeka, maso otupa amatha kukula. Nsomba zimatha kupachika pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakhala zopanda ntchito. Pakugwedeza mamba, mankhwalawa ndi osagwira ntchito, koyambirira, Baktopur, Oxytetracycline angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ngati nsomba zambiri zafa, aquarium imayambiranso ndi disinfection.

Exophthalmos (maso otupa)

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi madzi oipitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ena. Maso - amodzi kapena onse awiri - akuwonjezeka kukula ndi kutuluka kuchokera kumayendedwe, pamwamba pamakhala mitambo, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi mkati kapena kumbuyo kwa diso. Pazovuta kwambiri, nsomba imatha kutaya diso. Njira zochiritsira ziyenera kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri m'madzi.

Chifuwa chachikulu (mycobacteriosis)

The causative wothandizira wa chifuwa chachikulu cha nsomba ndi bakiteriya Mycobacterium piscum Zizindikiro za matendawa zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Mu cichlids, zizindikiro ndi kutopa, kudzimbidwa, kuwonongeka kwa khungu, ndi mapangidwe a zilonda. Mu labyrinths - maso otupa, hunchback, kutayika kwa mamba, kuwonjezeka kwa pamimba pamimba ndikudzaza ndi misa yopingasa. Mu nsomba za golide - kudzimbidwa, kugwa, maso otupa, kutaya thupi. Mu Characins ndi Pecilias, pali kupindika kwa msana, zotupa ndi zilonda, madontho, maso otupa. Nsomba zodwala zimaponderezedwa, zimasambira mokhotakhota mitu yawo, kubisala m'malo obisika. Chifuba cha TB chingathe kuchiritsidwa koyambirira kokha, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kanamycin ndi rifampicin, kudyetsa nsomba pamodzi ndi chakudya, kapena isoniazid, kuwonjezera madzi a mu aquarium. Ngati matendawa apita patsogolo kwambiri, amatsalira kuti awononge nsomba, ndikuyambitsanso aquarium ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala oopsa kwa anthu, koma si amene amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu mwa anthu. Matendawa amatchedwanso aquarium granuloma, amadziwonetsera ngati kuyabwa kwa khungu, zotupa ndi zotupa sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapsa mosavuta. Matenda amapezeka kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso matenda omwe alipo kale. Ngati mukukayikira kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha TB mu aquarium ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi magolovesi.

Hexamitosis

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tating’onoting’ono totchedwa hexamita (Octomitus) truttae, timene timawononga matumbo ndi ndulu ya nsomba. Nsombazo zimakhala zoonda kwambiri, zimakhala zosagwira ntchito, anus amayaka, chimbudzicho chimakhala chowonda, chowoneka bwino, choyera. Mzere wam'mbali umadetsedwa, ma tubercles, zilonda zimawonekera pathupi komanso pamutu, mpaka mabowo akulu okhala ndi misa yoyera. Zipsepse, zophimba za gill ndi minofu ya cartilage zimawonongeka. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa ndi ma cichlids - astronotus, flowerhorns, scalar, komanso discus, labyrinth nsomba, nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza nsomba zam'madzi, characins ndi cyprinids. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa pamanja pochiza zilonda zazikulu ndi spirohexol kapena flagellol, kukweza kutentha kwa madigiri 33-35 Celsius, koma taganizirani za maonekedwe a nsomba - si aliyense amene angathe kupirira kutentha kotere. Komanso, mankhwala ndi erythrocycline (40-50 mg/l) ndi Kuwonjezera griseofulvin kapena metronidazole (10 mg/l) kwa 10-12 masiku. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zilondazo zimachira, ndikusiya zipsera ndi zipsera.

Lepidortosis

Matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa mabakiteriya Aeromonas punctata ndi Pseudomonas fluorescens, momwe timadontho tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pansi pa mamba a nsomba, pamene mamba amakwera ndi kuphulika. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kugwedeza kumafalikira ku thupi lonse, mamba amagwa ndipo nsomba zimafa. Chithandizo ndi chothandiza kokha kumayambiriro magawo. Bicillin-5, biomycin, streptocide amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osambira m'madzi wamba. Ngati matendawa apita patsogolo kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumawonongeka, aquarium imayambiranso ndi disinfection.

Branchiomycosis

Matenda a fungal, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - bowa Branchiomyces sanguinis ndi B.demigrans, amakhudza matumbo. Mikwingwirima yotuwa ndi mawanga amawonekera pamatumbo, kenako ulusi wa gill umafa, ndipo zophimba za gill zimapunduka. Nsomba sizikugwira ntchito, zimagona m'mbali mwa aquarium, sizimakhudzidwa ndi zokopa zakunja. Matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri, mpaka 3% ya nsomba zimafa masiku 7-70. Chithandizo ikuchitika mu chidebe osiyana, ndi mkuwa sulphate (mosamala), rivanol. Aquarium imatsukidwa bwino.

Arguloz

Ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa Argulus, omwe amatchedwanso "carpoed" ndi "louse la nsomba", amawononga nsomba, kumamatira pakhungu ndi zipsepse, ndikuyamwa magazi. Pamalo omwe amamangiriridwa, kutuluka kwa magazi ndi zilonda zopanda machiritso zimapangidwira, zomwe zimatha kutenga mabakiteriya ndi bowa, nsomba zimakhala zolemetsa komanso zowonongeka. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kugwedeza, kusamba ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, chlorophos ndi cyprinopur, komanso kuchotsa ma crustaceans ndi ma tweezers, zomwe zingatheke mosavuta chifukwa cha kukula kwake - mpaka 0,6 cm - kukula kwa crustacean.

Ichthyophthiriosis (manka)

Nsomba zimagwidwa ndi ciliates Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Mbewu zoyera zing'onozing'ono zimawonekera m'thupi, zomwe zimatchedwa dermoid tubercles, zofanana ndi semolina, zomwe dzina la "semolina" limamangiriridwa ku matendawa. Pali zizindikiro monga kufooka, kuyabwa, kuchepa kwa ntchito. Mukhoza kuchiza mwa kuchepetsa mpweya wa aquarium ndi kuwonjezera mchere m'madzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malachite wobiriwira, Kostapur.

Oodinia (matenda a velvet, matenda a velvet, fumbi la golide)

Matendawa amayambanso ndi protozoan Piscnoodinium pillulare. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi njere zazing'ono kwambiri pathupi, zofanana ndi fumbi lagolide kapena mchenga wabwino. Nsomba zimachita "zofinyidwa", kubisala, kusonkhanitsa pamwamba kapena pansi. Zipsepsezo zimamatirirana, kenako zimagawanika, n’kusiya cheza cha zipsepsezo. Ziphuphu zimawonongeka, khungu limasenda, ndipo nsomba zimafa. Nsomba za carp ndi labyrinth ndizosavuta kudwala matendawa. Chithandizo - bicillin 5, mkuwa sulfate.

Ichthyobodosis

Parasite - flagellate Costia (Ichthyobodo) necatrix imayambitsa mucous nembanemba ya nsomba. Madontho otumbululuka amtambo wa zokutira zofiirira amawonekera pathupi. Zipsepsezo zimamatira pamodzi, mayendedwe a nsomba amakhala osakhala achilengedwe komanso amakakamizika. Ziphuphu zimatupa ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu, zophimba za gill zimatuluka m'mbali. Nsombazo zimakhala pafupi ndi pamwamba, zikuwefumira. Chithandizo - kusamba ndi malachite wobiriwira, osambira mchere, potaziyamu permanganate. Methylene blue imathandiza kupewa saprolegniosis kuti isayambike pa nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa.  

Gyrodactylosis

Gyrodactylus nyongolotsi zimawononga thupi ndi zipsepse. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ntchofu, mawanga opepuka, kukokoloka, ndi kukha magazi kumawonekera pansomba. Zipsepsezo zimaphwanyika ndikuwonongeka. Nsomba zimasambira mowuma, zimanjenjemera. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa zokonzekera za praziquantel mu Aquarium, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osambira amchere anthawi yochepa.  

Glugeosis

Sporadic matenda, causative wothandizira - sporozoan Glugea. Mawanga ofiira, zotupa, zilonda zimawonekera pa nsomba, maso otupa amayamba. Cysts mu connective minofu kupanga pineal outgrowths, mapangidwe cysts mu cavities thupi ndi pa ziwalo kumabweretsa imfa ya nsomba. Palibe mankhwala, m'pofunika kuwononga onse okhala m'nyanja ya aquarium, kuwiritsa malo, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyanjayi. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amayamba ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa aquarium, kusefa kosakwanira komanso kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, madzi osayenera ndi magawo, kudyetsa zakudya zomwe sizinayesedwe, komanso kusowa kokhala kwaokha ziweto zatsopano. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malamulo osamalira aquarium.