Leptospirosis mu agalu

Leptospirosis ndi matenda a zoonotic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kwa anthu. Choncho, kupewa matenda galu mwachindunji zimakhudza thanzi lathu.

Agalu amitundu yonse ndi mibadwo yonse amatha kutenga matenda. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chingakhale mmene nyama zilili.

Matendawa amapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Koma ndizofala kwambiri m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda komanso mvula yambiri pachaka. Ichi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amawonekera mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha agalu.

Njira ya matenda

Leptospirosis mu nyama imadziwonetsera m'njira zosiyanasiyana: imatha kuchitika pachimake, subacute, mawonekedwe osatha. Yotsirizirayi nthawi zambiri imasanduka asymptomatic leptospiron carriage. Agalu amatha kudwala kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo. Nthawi yobisika ya matendawa (ndiko kuti, kuyambira pomwe mabakiteriya amalowa m'thupi mpaka zizindikiro zoyamba kuonekera) ndi masiku 4-14.

Kodi leptospirosis imafalitsidwa bwanji?

Leptospira imafalikira mwachindunji (mwa kukhudzana ndi khungu lowonongeka, mucous nembanemba ndi mkodzo, mkaka, ndowe, umuna) kapena nthawi zambiri mosalunjika (kudzera kunja, zinthu zapakhomo). Kuchulukana kwa ziweto kungapangitse mwayi wotenga matenda (mwachitsanzo, kusunga agalu m'khola).

Leptospira imatha kukhala miyezi yambiri m'dothi lonyowa ndi madzi. Ndipo makoswe amanyamula leptospira moyo wawo wonse. Chifukwa chake, chiweto chikakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga leptospirosis, chiweto chikamwa madzi a m'malo osasunthika, kudya makoswe, kapena kukwera ndi galu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Chifukwa chake, ziwopsezo zazikulu za matenda a leptospirosis ndi awa:

• kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyama matenda;
• kukhudzana ndi malo okhudzidwa (mwachitsanzo, mabwalo amadzi, nthaka).

Zizindikiro za Leptospirosis mwa Agalu

Matenda a Leptospiral angayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, kuchokera ku zizindikiro zochepa, zodziletsa mpaka zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimaika moyo pachiswe.

Komanso, zizindikiro zachipatala za leptospirosis mwa agalu zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe matendawa akuyendera, momwe nyamayo imakhalira, chitetezo cha mthupi cha nyama, zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza thupi la nyama, komanso "kuopsa" kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za canine leptospirosis ndi kutentha thupi, kunjenjemera, ndi kuwawa kwa minofu. Komanso, kufooka, kusowa chilakolako cha kudya, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kupuma mofulumira, kutsokomola, kutulutsa m'mphuno, jaundice wooneka mucous nembanemba ndi khungu. Kusokonezeka kwa coagulation ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumatha kuchitika, kuwonetseredwa ndi hematemesis, chimbudzi chamagazi (melena), epistaxis, ndi kutuluka kwa magazi pakhungu. Zinyama zodwala kwambiri zili mumkhalidwe wosazindikira, sizimakhudzidwa ndi zokopa zakunja ndipo sizingathe kusunga kutentha kwa thupi.

The insidiousness wa matenda, kuwonjezera zambiri zizindikiro, ndi chakuti akhoza kupitiriza mwamtheradi popanda mawonetseredwe.

Kuti muzindikire matendawa komanso zomwe zimachitika mwagalu, ndikofunikira kutenga anamnesis, kuyezetsa magazi, kuyesa magazi a hematological ndi serological (kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies ku leptospira), PCR, urinalysis, ndi, zofunika, kuchita ultrasound kufufuza pamimba pamimba. , X-ray diagnostics.

Ngozi kwa anthu

Izi ndizoyenera kutchulanso komanso kangapo, chifukwa matenda a leptospiral amadziwika ngati zooanthroponosis yofala kwambiri, yomwe imatenga malo oyamba potengera kuopsa kwa maphunziro azachipatala, kuchuluka kwa imfa komanso zotsatira zachipatala zanthawi yayitali. anthu. 

M'mayiko otukuka, matenda ambiri a leptospirosis mwa anthu amayamba chifukwa cha zosangalatsa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Anthu amene amakumana ndi nyama zapafamu nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. M’maiko otukuka kumene, nkhokwe ya matenda a anthu ndi agalu osokera ndi makoswe.

Mwa anthu, zizindikiro za matendawa zimachitika pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamwitsa (popanda zizindikiro zachipatala), zomwe zimatha masiku awiri mpaka 2, ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwake. Matendawa amatha kukhala opanda zizindikiro mwa anthu ena (subclinical). Ena amatha kudwala ngati chimfine. Mawonetseredwe oopsa kwambiri a leptospirosis ndi chiwindi, kulephera kwa impso, ndipo nthawi zina, kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe onse a ziwalo, kuphatikizapo mtima, kupuma ndi genitourinary system (kulephera kwa ziwalo zambiri).

Chithandizo cha leptospirosis mwa agalu

Chithandizo cha canine leptospirosis chimadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Nyama zomwe zili ndi matenda otsimikizika, komanso nyama zomwe zili ndi chithunzi chachipatala komanso mbiri yakale, koma popanda chidziwitso chotsimikizika pakali pano, ziyenera kulandira mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso chithandizo chothandizira.

Maziko a chithandizo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Maantibayotiki omwe akulimbikitsidwa agalu omwe ali ndi leptospirosis ndi zotumphukira za penicillin kapena doxycycline. Njira yoyendetsera ndi pakamwa (ndi chakudya kapena pakamwa mokakamiza). Ngati chiweto chimakhala ndi kusanza, kusowa kwa njala, anorexia, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki parenterally (mtsempha, subcutaneously, intramuscularly).

Komanso, chisamaliro choyenera pakuchiza chimaperekedwa ku chithandizo chamankhwala malinga ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umafunikira (kusowa madzi m'thupi, hypoglycemia, kusalinganika kwa electrolyte, etc.). Zinyama zomwe zili ndi leptospirosis zingafunike njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa ndi machitidwe a ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa. Malangizowa akuphatikizapo kubwezeretsa madzi m'thupi ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi (otsitsa), kukonzanso electrolyte ndi kusokonezeka kwa asidi-base, ndi symptomatic therapy (antiemetics, mankhwala opweteka, chithandizo cha zakudya).

Ngati galu sadya yekha kwa masiku oposa atatu, ayenera kuikidwa chubu. Amalola chakudya kuperekedwa mwachindunji m`mimba, kulambalala patsekeke m`kamwa ndi popanda kuputa chakudya chidani galu, pamene kupewa kusafuna wodwalayo kudya.

Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, kuikidwa magazi, hemodialysis, kupanga mpweya wabwino wa m'mapapo (ALV) kungafunike.

konzanso

Mukadwala leptospirosis, kuchiza kwathunthu ndi kotheka. Koma, ngati matendawa anapitiriza ndi mavuto (mwachitsanzo, mkhutu aimpso ntchito), kuchira angapitirize kwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo kukhazikika koyambirira kwa nyamayo. Chilichonse chikhoza kuchitidwa popanda chipatala, ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umalola, koma pali zochitika zomwe zimafuna kuyang'anitsitsa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi veterinarian, ndiyeno galuyo amaikidwa m'chipatala cha matenda opatsirana. Ndiyeno, pambuyo pa kumaliseche, nyama yotereyi imayesedwa mobwerezabwereza, poyamba masabata 1-3 aliwonse, ndiye kamodzi pa miyezi 1-6.

Zovuta pambuyo pa matenda

Zovuta zazikulu pambuyo pa leptospirosis zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndipo ndi chitukuko cha kulephera kwaimpso kosatha ndi kuwonongeka kwa hepatobiliary system (encephalopathy, ascites, etc. zikhoza kuchitika) mwa agalu ena. Izi sizikuchiritsidwanso kwathunthu ndipo zimafunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi ndikupita kwa veterinarian.

Njira zopewera

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda kwa agalu ndikukhudzana ndi nyama zodwala komanso kutulutsa kwawo kwachilengedwe. Choncho, ndikofunika kudzipatula agalu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikutsata malamulo a ukhondo, gwiritsani ntchito antiseptics pamene mukugwira nawo ntchito, kuti musapatsire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku zinyama zina.

Katemera ndi wofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda agalu. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zotsatirazi zodzitetezera zimalimbikitsidwa:

• kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo, m'malo akunja, zinthu zapakhomo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi agalu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka;
• ndizoletsedwa kuitanitsa agalu odwala ndi ochiritsidwa ku makola;
• musadyetse agalu omwe sanatsimikizidwe ndi mankhwala ophera nyama;
• musalole kuti nyama zisalandire katemera wa leptospirosis kutenga nawo mbali paziwonetsero ndi zochitika;
• musayende agalu mumsewu omwe sanalandire katemera wa leptospirosis ndi matenda ena opatsirana pa nthawi;
• musalole agalu kuti azisamba m’madzi osasunthika, kuphatikizapo amene ali mkati mwa mzinda;
• tikulimbikitsidwa kukwatirana pokhapokha ngati anthu onse awiri ali ndi katemera wa leptospirosis ndi matenda ena opatsirana mkati mwa nthawi yomwe apatsidwa;
• kuonetsetsa kutha mwadongosolo makoswe m'malo okhalamo komanso m'deralo;
• agalu adzichitira chimbudzi kutali ndi madzi oyimirira, pomwe nyama ndi anthu ena, makamaka ana, sadzakhala ndi mwayi;
• galu wodwala ayenera kudzipatula kwa nyama zina komanso kwa anthu osadziwika bwino;
• pogwira ntchito ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi matenda, zinyalala zawo (mkodzo, ndowe) ndi zinthu zapakhomo zomwe zili ndi kachilombo (mbale, thireyi, ndi zina zotero), magolovesi a latex, masks ndi magalasi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (pochapa malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka).

Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku leptospirosis ndi katemera! Matendawa ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza.

Katemera wa Canine leptospirosis

Leptospirosis imatha kupewedwa ndi katemera. Ziweto zathanzi kuyambira zaka 8 zakubadwa zimatengera izi. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti katemera amateteza galu ku mitundu yochepa ya causative agent ya leptospirosis, yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi yofala kwambiri. Ndipo ngati galu akumana ndi vuto lomwe sanalandire katemera, ndiye kuti matendawa amatha kukula. Pambuyo pa katemera, chitetezo chimachitika pakadutsa masiku 14 mpaka miyezi 12.

Katemera ndi wothandiza kwambiri pamene ndandanda koyamba ndi reintroduction ya katemera mosamalitsa anatsatira, malinga ndi anavomereza malangizo. Revaccination iyenera kuchitika chaka ndi chaka.

Agalu omwe sanalandire katemera wa leptospirosis kwa miyezi yoposa 18 ayenera kulandira Mlingo wa 2 wa katemera 3-4 milungu yosiyana, ngati kuti adalandira katemera kwa nthawi yoyamba m'miyoyo yawo.

Agalu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira ayenera kulandira katemera m'chaka.

Mpaka pano, pali mitundu ingapo ya katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis, yomwe imasiyana wina ndi mzake mu kuchuluka kwa serovars (matenda) a leptospira:

1. Katemera wa 2-serovar (Nobivac Lepto, Netherlands yochokera), Eurican (France yochokera), Vangard (Belgium yochokera);

2. Katemera wokhala ndi 3 serovars (Eurican multi, dziko lopanga France), Multican (dziko lopanga Russia);

3. Katemera wokhala ndi serovar 4 (Nobivac L4, Netherlands).

Ubwino wa katemera umaposa ngozi yomwe ingawononge chiweto, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zosowa. Wopanga aliyense amatsimikizira chitetezo cha mankhwala awo kudzera mu maphunziro ambiri.

Mulimonsemo, katemera ataperekedwa, mutha kukhala mu chipatala cha Chowona Zanyama kwa mphindi 20-30 kuti muwone momwe thupi la nyama limachitira ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa.

Nkhaniyi sikupempha kuchitapo kanthu!

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za vutoli, timalimbikitsa kulankhulana ndi katswiri.

Funsani vet

17 September 2020

Kusinthidwa: February 13, 2021