Mphumu mwa agalu

Bronchial mphumu mwa agalu ndi matenda otupa a kupuma, omwe, mwatsoka, akukula kwambiri mwa agalu chaka chilichonse. Chifuwa cha agalu chimawonetsedwa ndi kupuma movutikira komwe kumatsagana ndi kutsokomola ndi/kapena kukanidwa chifukwa cha kupindika kwanjira. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri eni ake salabadira zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa ndikupita ku chipatala ndi chiweto chomwe chikudwala kale. Ngakhale pamene wapezeka mu magawo oyambirira ndi kupereka mankhwala oyenera, eni ambiri amatha kukwaniritsa kulamulira khola pa matenda a ziweto ndi kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa wa agalu anzake, ndi ntchito ndi utumiki agalu - ntchito mphamvu.

M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, matenda, chithandizo ndi matenda agalu omwe ali ndi mphumu ya bronchial.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Asthma

Chifuwa cha agalu ndi matenda osatha. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse matendawa, koma, mwatsoka, chifukwa chenichenicho sichingadziwike.

Mulimonsemo, ngati chiweto chanu chapezeka ndi mphumu, muyenera kulabadira izi:

• mankhwala apakhomo (zotsukira pansi, zotsitsimutsa mpweya, ma aerosols osiyanasiyana, deodorants);
• kutsuka ufa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka zofunda zomwe galu amagona, maovololo ake (ndi zofunda zanu, ngati galu akugona nanu);
• fumbi ndi allergen wamphamvu;
• kusuta fodya;
• zomera za m'nyumba zamaluwa;
• zina zowononga mpweya.

Amakhulupirira kuti zowawa zimatha kuchitika ku nthenga, mulu wa kapeti, tsitsi la nyama zina, ndi zina zotero. Si zachilendo kuti mphumu iyambe kukula panthawi yokonzanso nyumba.

Chifukwa cha zochita za allergen, kutupa mobwerezabwereza kwa mpweya kumayamba. Kutupa pafupipafupi kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwa epithelium ya makoma a trachea ndi bronchi. Kuchuluka kwa ntchofu. Zotsatira zake ndi kutsekeka kwa mpweya, kuchulukitsidwa kwa mpweya, ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya wotuluka, ndipo galuyo amasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda a mphumu. Chifukwa cha mphumu kuukira agalu ndi pachimake kupuma kulephera.

Koma nchifukwa ninji mphumu imayamba chifukwa cha zochita za allergen mwa agalu ochepa chabe, pamene ziweto zina, zinthu zina zofanana, siziyamba kudwala? Palibe yankho ku funso ili. Amakhulupirira kuti genetic factor ndiyofunikira. Zaka ndi jenda sizinthu zomwe zimatsogolera. Komabe, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ndi matenda opumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsedwe za matenda omwe analipo kale a bronchial. Zizindikiro zambiri zimawonekera mwa agalu azaka zapakati komanso okalamba.

Tikumbukenso kuti chiopsezo chitukuko cha matenda monga mobwerezabwereza matenda bakiteriya, yaitali inhalation wa irritants, ndi owonjezera kulemera.

Zizindikiro za mphumu mwa Agalu

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mphumu mwa agalu ndi chifuwa cha apo ndi apo. Chifuwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chouma, ndipo kusanza kwapambuyo pa chifuwa ndi chizindikiro cha mphumu. Zizindikiro zina mwa agalu zingaphatikizepo:

• ulesi;
• matenda a mphumu;
• kusinza;
• kukhalapo kwa kupuma;
• kufuna kusanza;
• kusalolera zolimbitsa thupi;
• Ziweto zina zimatha kukomoka.

The pamwamba matenda mawonetseredwe chifukwa mkhutu airway patency chifukwa cha zovuta zinthu: kuchuluka ntchofu kupanga, mucosal edema ndi kuphipha kwa bronchial yosalala minofu. Komanso, chifukwa cha kutsokomola kungakhale mkwiyo wa kupuma thirakiti zolandilira chifukwa kutupa kapena kuphipha. Kuphatikiza pa mawonetseredwe akuluakulu a mphumu yokha, matendawa, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa okosijeni m'thupi, angayambitse vuto la matenda a mtima, omwe amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kupuma movutikira, tachycardia, cyanosis ya m'mimba. mucous nembanemba ndi kutopa kwakukulu kwa ziweto.

Chodziwika bwino cha mphumu mwa agalu ndikuti sipangakhale zizindikiro pakupuma. Komanso, mu ziweto zina, kutchulidwa nyengo ya matendawa kumadziwika.

Diagnostics

Chifuwa cha agalu chimayamba kuganiziridwa ndi zizindikiro: kutsokomola kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe chiweto chimakhala chabwino, ndipo kutentha kwa thupi sikumawonjezeka. Komanso, eni ake angazindikire kufooka kwa galu, kuchepa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, magawo a kukomoka, mphumu. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mwiniwake watcheru akhoza kumvetsera kugwedezeka kwapadera kwa khoma la m'mimba kumapeto kwa mpweya ndi kupuma.

Palpation ya trachea nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutsokomola, komwe kumayenderana ndi kukhudzika kwa trachea.

Kupanga matenda olondola ndikupatula matenda omwe amabwera nawo (mwachitsanzo, mphumu imatha kuchitika limodzi ndi bronchitis ya bakiteriya etiology!) M'pofunika kuchita kafukufuku wambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• auscultation;
• x-ray pachifuwa;
• kuyezetsa magazi (panthawiyi, kuyezetsa magazi ndiko kuwonetsa);
• echo ndi electrocardiography;
• bronchoscopy.

The matenda a mphumu wapangidwa kokha pambuyo kusaganizira ena zotheka zimayambitsa chifuwa - chibayo, parasitic matenda, neoplasms mu chifuwa patsekeke, yachilendo kulowa mu kupuma dongosolo, mtima matenda.

Choyamba, pa nthawi yoyembekezera, dokotala adzachita chikhalidwe ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikiritsa kusiyana kwa matenda a m'mapapo ndi kulephera kwamtima kwamtima. Kuphatikiza pa phokoso lachidziwitso, dokotala ndithudi adzawerengera kugunda kwa mtima - ndi kulephera kwa mtima, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima (tachycardia) kudzakhala khalidwe, ndipo ndi mphumu, monga lamulo, kugunda kwa mtima kudzakhala kwachilendo.

On kuyezetsa magazi kwathunthu kawirikawiri kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha eosinophils kumapezeka - pamapeto pake zidzalembedwa za eosinophilia wachibale kapena mtheradi. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chizindikirochi chingakhalenso ndi matenda ena omwe sakugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka, mwachitsanzo, ndi helminthic invasion. Choncho, muzochitika zonse zozindikira kuwonjezeka kwa eosinophils m'magazi a chiweto, dokotala adzapereka chithandizo cha antiparasite. Koma yachibadwa chiwerengero cha eosinophils m`mwazi si kusaganizira kukhalapo kwa mphumu!

Kuyeza X-ray wa thoracic patsekeke ndiye chida chachikulu pa matenda. X-ray iyenera kuchitidwa m'mawonekedwe atatu kuti asatengere zinthu zakale ndi ma pathological obisika - chiweto chimajambulidwa kuchokera kumbali kumanzere, kumanja ndikuwonetsetsa kwachindunji. Pa x-ray ya agalu omwe ali ndi mphumu, dokotala angazindikire kuwonjezeka kwa mapapu, kuwonjezereka kwa mapapo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutupa kwa bronchi, ndi kusamuka kwa msana ndi caudal kwa diaphragm chifukwa cha kukula kwa mapapu chifukwa cha kutsekeka.

Komanso, nthawi zina, makamaka kusaganizira chotupa ndondomeko, kuwonjezera X-rays, pangafunike kuchita. CT - computed tomography - yomwe ndi mulingo wagolide wopatula kupezeka kwa ma neoplasms.

Kupatula matenda amtima, omwe amatha kukhala omwe amayambitsa chifuwa (kulephera kwa mtima) komanso vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cholephera kupuma kwanthawi yayitali (chomwe chimatchedwa cor pulmonale), ndikofunikira kuchita. kujambula (ECG) ndi zojambula zithunzi (ultrasound ya mtima).

Chimodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri a diagnostics, omwe, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndi eni ake chifukwa chofuna kupereka opaleshoni ya pet, ndi bronchoscopy ndi bronchoalveolar lavage kupeza swabs kuchokera ku trachea ndi bronchi. The analandira swabs ndi zofunika cytological kufufuza ndi microflora inoculation ndi mtima tilinazo antibacterial. Cytology imachitika kuti asachotseretu matupi awo sagwirizana (ndi mphumu, kuchuluka kwa eosinophils kudzapezeka) kuchokera ku matenda a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi (kuchuluka kwa neutrophils kudzapezeka). Tsoka ilo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma eosinophils ndi/kapena ma neutrophils atha kupezekanso pamaso pa chotupa. Ndi zofunikanso kuchita kachulukidwe chiwerengero cha bakiteriya maselo kusiyanitsa kuipitsidwa kwa microflora yachibadwa kuchokera kwenikweni kupuma thirakiti matenda, komanso kuchita PCR diagnostics pamaso pa Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma) ndi Bordetella (Bordetella bronchiseptica).

Kuchiza mphumu mwa Agalu

Kuchiza mphumu mwa agalu kumafuna njira yokwanira. Kuwonjezera pa kuika mankhwala enieni, muyenera kuyang'anira ukhondo wa chilengedwe, kulemera kwa chiweto, komanso kukhalapo kwa zotsatira za mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa.

Nthawi zambiri sipafunika chithandizo chamankhwala, pokhapokha ngati chithandizo cha okosijeni, kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha, ndi njira zina zomwe eni ake sangathe kuchita kunyumba.

Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa mpweya chifukwa chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Komabe, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'onopang'ono kungakhale kothandiza ngati kuli kofunikira kuwongolera njira ya bronchial secretions ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi pa ziweto zolemera kwambiri. Lamulo lalikulu ndiloti katunduyo ayenera kukhala wochepa kwambiri kotero kuti kuyesetsa kwakuthupi sikumayambitsa chifuwa.

Ziweto zonenepa kwambiri zimalangizidwa zakudya zapadera zokhala ndi calorie yochepa, chifukwa zatsimikiziridwa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudza kwambiri matendawa. Ndikofunikira kuti eni ake amvetsetse kuti kuwonda ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo, kufooketsa mawonetseredwe a matendawa, omwe nthawi zonse samachiritsidwa kwathunthu.

Maziko a chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala a mahomoni (glucocorticoids). Mlingo woyambirira wa mankhwalawa ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala. Pamene kuopsa kwa zizindikiro kumachepa, mlingo ndi chiwerengero cha Mlingo zimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa miyezi 2-4. Nthawi zambiri, osachepera ogwira yokonza mlingo analamula kuti mosalekeza ntchito Komabe, mlingo kusankha ikuchitika mosamalitsa pa munthu. Tsoka ilo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zingapo. Zinyama zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kuti zitha kukhala ndi matenda a shuga, kulephera kwa mtima, matenda amkodzo, iatrogenic hyperadenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome). Pachifukwa ichi, odwala omwe akulandira chithandizo cha mahomoni ayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala ndikuyesa magazi (zambiri ndi biochemistry) kuti ayang'ane kukula kwa zovuta.

Maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzipatula kwa microflora kuchokera ku kutuluka kwa thirakiti la kupuma. Njira ya mankhwala 10-14 masiku malinga ndi zotsatira za sputum chikhalidwe analandira chifukwa cha bronchoscopy, kudziwa tilinazo microflora. Ngati chikhalidwe cha antimicrobial susceptibility sichingatheke, maantibayotiki ambiri okhala ndi bioavailability wambiri komanso kawopsedwe kakang'ono (mwachitsanzo, synulox) amasankhidwa.

Pamodzi ndi mankhwala a mahomoni ndi antibacterial, dokotala angapereke mankhwala a bronchodilators - ndiko kuti, mankhwala omwe amathandizira kukulitsa njira ya mpweya, kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda kwa diaphragm, ndi kuchepetsa kupanikizika m'mapapo. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a inhalations.

Nthawi zina, pamaso pa chifuwa chautali, chowuma, chofooketsa, mankhwala oletsa antitussive amaperekedwa.

Mapa

Kuneneratu kwa mphumu yotsimikizika mwa galu kumadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zake, kulekerera kwa mankhwala, kuyankha kwa mankhwala, ndi kupezeka kwa comorbidities.

Ndikofunika kuti mwiniwakeyo amvetsetse kuti mphumu ya bronchial nthawi zambiri imapitirira pakapita nthawi ndipo kuchiritsa kwathunthu sikuchitika kawirikawiri (pokhapokha ngati chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa chitha kudziwika ndikuchotsedwa). Ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuukira, koma sangathe kuthetsedwa.

Agalu ayenera kuyesedwa miyezi 3-6 iliyonse kuti azindikire zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yake. Zikangochitika zizindikiro za kupuma kapena zizindikiro zina za kupuma kwa kupuma, mwiniwake ayenera kuonana ndi veterinarian.

Nkhaniyi sikupempha kuchitapo kanthu!

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za vutoli, timalimbikitsa kulankhulana ndi katswiri.

Funsani vet

16 September 2020

Kusinthidwa: February 13, 2021