Melania: kukonza, kuswana, ngakhale, chithunzi, kufotokoza
Zamkatimu
Chiyambi ndi maonekedwe
Melania ndi gastropod mollusk wamtundu wa Melanoides wa banja la Thiaridae. Dzina losatha la zamoyozo ndi tiara, monga limatchulidwira m'mabuku a aquarium azaka zapitazi. Masiku ano, dzina ili ndi lachikale komanso lolakwika, chifukwa, chifukwa cha kafukufuku watsopano wa sayansi, malo a melania mu gulu la molluscs asintha. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nkhonozi zimatchedwanso nkhono zapansi.
Nkhono zazikulu sizikula kuposa 3 cm. Achinyamata ndi aang'ono kwambiri moti sangawoneke popanda galasi lokulitsa. Mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi chipolopolo chakuthwa, chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cone yopapatiza, yotalikirapo (mawonekedwewa ndi abwino kwambiri kukumba pansi). Mitundu yake ndi yanzeru, yosiyana kuchokera ku imvi yoderapo mpaka yobiriwira yachikasu ndi mikwingwirima yoderapo yotalikirapo.
Masiku ano, mawonekedwe okulirapo komanso owoneka bwino a nkhonozi, Melanoides granifera, awonekera mu aquarium. Chigoba cha granifera chimakhala choyang'aniridwa ndikupentidwa mumitundu yofiirira. Kwa makhalidwe ena, ndi chimodzimodzi nthaka nkhono.
Malo ogawa mollusks m'chilengedwe ndiwambiri: amakhala ku Asia, Africa, ndi Australia. Anthu a Melania apezeka posachedwapa kum'mwera kwa United States ndi ku Ulaya.
Mitundu ya Melanoides
M'mabuku ambiri a aquarium, mukhoza kuwerenga kuti ma melanias ndi amtundu womwewo - Melanoides tuberculata, kukula kwa chipolopolo kumafika 3-3,5 masentimita m'litali. Ndipotu, pali mitundu ina iwiri ya nkhono za melania:
- Melanoides granifera imachokera ku Malaysia;
- Melanoides riqueti ochokera ku maiwe aku Singapore.
Mitundu yonse itatu ya nkhono zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimadziwika masiku ano zimapatsidwa chipolopolo chokhazikika, chomwe pakamwa pake chimakutidwa mosavuta ndi chitseko cha laimu panthawi yovuta.
Chifukwa cha izi, microclimate yabwino kwa nkhono imasungidwa mkati mwa chipolopolo, ngakhale ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti melania ndi yolimba kwambiri - samasamala za kutentha kwa madzi kapena mchere wambiri.
Kusiyana kwakunja kumawonekera kwambiri ku Melanoides tuberculata ndi Melanoides granifera. Izi makamaka zimakhudza mtundu wawo:
melanoides tuberculata imvi mtundu, kuphatikizapo azitona ndi wobiriwira. Mosiyana ndi chipolopolo chonse cha mollusk, pakamwa pake pamawoneka, zozungulira zomwe zimakhala zodzaza ndi mtundu - zimatha kukhala zofiirira, nthawi zina ngakhale burgundy shades.
Melanoides granifera amaposa mitundu yawo mwa kukopa kwakunja. Mithunzi ya imvi ndi bulauni kusiyana mu kuphatikiza kwachilendo kumasiyanitsa bwino ndi mitundu ina.
Zofunikira zotsekera
- Kutentha magawo 22ºС -28ºС. Pankhani ya kuuma ndi magawo a asidi, simuyenera kudandaula konse, chifukwa nkhono sizimakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro izi. Anthu osankhidwa am'madzi am'madzi awa amathanso kukhala m'madzi amchere, chinthu chokhacho chomwe ma mollusks samakonda ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri.
- Koma muyenera kuganizira za aeration, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mollusks ya aquarium imapumira ndi ma gill.
- Koma chofunika kwambiri pakusamalira anthuwa ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri. Njira yabwino ndi mchenga pansi kapena nthaka yabwino ya miyala. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nkhono zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali popanda dothi.
- Kukongoletsa malo awo amadzi, melania samayika kufunika, koma amakonda kubisala osati pansi, komanso pansi pa miyala kapena zokongoletsa. Ndipo zomera zilizonse sizidzangokhala ngati malo obisala, komanso njira yabwino yopangira zokhwasula-khwasula kawirikawiri.
Momwe mungasungire aquarium melania?
Zikuwoneka kuti palibe amene amasamala za kupanga zinthu zapadera kuti nkhono zikhale m'madzi am'madzi.
amaganiza za izo. Komanso, mollusk uyu ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo amasinthasintha mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, pokhala mbadwa ya madzi osungiramo madzi abwino, Melanoides tuberculata amasonyeza kulolerana kwakukulu ku mlingo wa mchere wamadzi - pali zochitika za melania zomwe zimakhala m'nyanja zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wa 30%.
M'malo am'madzi am'madzi, nkhono imatanthawuza modekha kutentha kulikonse, komabe, mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi 20-28 ° C.
Ngakhale zochepa kwambiri kwa woimira gastropods ndi magawo a madzi monga acidity ndi kuuma.
Koma nthaka ya melania ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ubwino wake ndi wofunikanso kwambiri. Iyenera kukhala mchenga wouma, kapena dothi lokhala ndi njere 3-4 mm (nkhono ziyenera kusuntha mosavuta, ndipo nthaka yotereyi imakhalabe yoyera).
Kuti atsimikizire kubereka kwa molluscs, awiri amafunikira - mwamuna ndi mkazi. Melania ndi wosiyana.
Mbadwo wawung'ono wa nkhono sizimakula posachedwa, ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwa 5-6 mm mwezi uliwonse.
Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, zitha kuwoneka kuti Melanoides tuberculata ndiwothandiza kwambiri okhala m'malo osungiramo nyumba. Ndipo makhalidwe awa a mollusk amakuyenererani komanso ngati kuli koyenera kuti mulowe mu aquarium zili ndi inu.
Zotsatira za Melania
Mollusk Melanoides tuberculata ndi woimira wachilendo wa gastropods, amasiyana ndi anthu ena ofanana mu aquarium m'njira zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Choyamba. Melanoides tuberculata imadziwika kuti nkhono ya pansi, chifukwa malo ake okhala m'malo opangira madzi ndi dothi la aquarium. Zimachitika kuti melania imakwawira pamakoma a dziwe lanyumba kapena zinthu zokongoletsera, koma izi sizofala. Nthawi zambiri anthu ena amachita zimenezi usiku.
Chachiwiri. Melania ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa imapuma mothandizidwa ndi gill.
Chachitatu. Melanoides tuberculata ndi nkhono ya viviparous yomwe simabala, koma imabala ana odziimira okha.
Kudyetsa
Kuti mupange malo abwino okhalamo mollusks, musadandaule za chakudya chapadera kwa iwo, chifukwa nkhono zimadya chilichonse. Sadzanyoza zotsalira zazing'ono zomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzi am'madzi, ndipo amasangalala kudya ndere zofewa, potero osakhala ndi chotupitsa chopepuka, komanso kusunga dziwe loyera.
Koma ngati mukufuna kudyetsa ziweto zanu, atangotaya madzi mu piritsi yapadera, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nsomba zam'madzi. Mukhozanso kupereka masamba oyenera, monga kabichi, zukini kapena nkhaka.
ГРУНТОВЫЕ УЛИТКИ МЕЛАНИИ. ТУСОВКА НА СТЕКЛЕ...
kuswana
Kuti mubereke nkhono, simuyenera kuziyika mu aquarium yosiyana kapena kupanga zinthu zapadera. Popeza aquarium mollusk imaberekanso pa liwiro la mphezi. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kukhazikitsa anthu angapo amtunduwu m'madzi, kuti pakatha miyezi ingapo chiwerengero cha anthu chiwonjezeke kangapo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhonoyi imatanthawuza anthu a viviparous omwe amabereka dzira, ndipo patapita kanthawi anthu ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu amawonekera. Chiwerengero cha ma melanias ang'onoang'ono chimadalira makamaka kukula kwa nkhono yokha, ndipo imatha kuchoka pa 10 mpaka 50 zidutswa.
Momwe mungachotsere
Zikachitika kuti mollusks wadzaza aquarium yonse ndipo atopa ndi eni ake, mutha kuwachotsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zosavuta. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhono zimatenga mpweya, ndipo popanda izo, zimayamba kukula bwino ndikufa pakapita nthawi.
Koma njirayi imatha kupha anthu ena okhala m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina poponya masamba m'dziwe usiku. M'mawa wotsatira, zukini lonse lidzakhala mu melania. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa ku sitolo ya pet.
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Mukhozanso Mukufuna
Pagoda: okhutira, kufotokoza, kubereka, chithunzi
Mtsinje wa Livebearer: zomwe zili, chithunzi, kufotokozera
